Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.9734/or/2023/v18i3389
Mohcine El Mhadi, A. E. Ouafi
Introduction: primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a chronic and progressive anterior optic neuropathy characterized by perimetric alterations and pathological excavation of the optic disc in the absence of other ocular pathologies or congenital anomalies. It is usually accompanied by an increase in intraocular pressure. Gonioscopic examination confirms that the iridocorneal angle is open. The term "risk factor" is defined as a condition statistically leading to an increased risk of occurrence of an event. The purpose of our work is to list the main risk factors of POAG. Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective study carried out in our ophthalmology department over a period of 4 years between January 2018 and December 2021, involving one hundred patients with POAG followed in glaucoma consultation. Results: These are 100 cases, with an average age of 64.27, with a male predominance. The most found risk factors in our series are: age, intraocular hypertension (IOH), thin cornea, arterial hypertension, diabetes and family history of glaucoma. Conclusion: The identification of the main risk factors of POAG at the individual level is a major data of the management. Knowing these factors helps to monitor patients at risk more carefully and to adjust the treatment more appropriately in patients likely to develop glaucoma or to aggravate already known glaucoma. More efforts are required for early screening and education on POAG in communities, especially in a POAG high-risk population.
{"title":"Assessment of Risk Factors for Primary Open-angle Glaucoma","authors":"Mohcine El Mhadi, A. E. Ouafi","doi":"10.9734/or/2023/v18i3389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/or/2023/v18i3389","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a chronic and progressive anterior optic neuropathy characterized by perimetric alterations and pathological excavation of the optic disc in the absence of other ocular pathologies or congenital anomalies. It is usually accompanied by an increase in intraocular pressure. Gonioscopic examination confirms that the iridocorneal angle is open. The term \"risk factor\" is defined as a condition statistically leading to an increased risk of occurrence of an event. The purpose of our work is to list the main risk factors of POAG. \u0000Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective study carried out in our ophthalmology department over a period of 4 years between January 2018 and December 2021, involving one hundred patients with POAG followed in glaucoma consultation. \u0000Results: These are 100 cases, with an average age of 64.27, with a male predominance. The most found risk factors in our series are: age, intraocular hypertension (IOH), thin cornea, arterial hypertension, diabetes and family history of glaucoma. \u0000Conclusion: The identification of the main risk factors of POAG at the individual level is a major data of the management. Knowing these factors helps to monitor patients at risk more carefully and to adjust the treatment more appropriately in patients likely to develop glaucoma or to aggravate already known glaucoma. More efforts are required for early screening and education on POAG in communities, especially in a POAG high-risk population.","PeriodicalId":287685,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology Research: An International Journal","volume":"89 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132511891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Urrets-Zavalia syndrome is a dreaded complication of anterior segment surgery and the most common in patients undergoing corneal transplantation. Avoiding the prescription of mydriatic eye drops during the postoperative period is the mainstay of its therapy, which focuses on prevention. One month after having keratoplasty in the left eye, a 42-year-old man presented with Urrets-Zavalia syndrome and ocular hypertonia at 35 mmgh. Medical and surgical management were required in this situation. The purpose of our presentation is to describe a real-world instance of Urrets-Zavalia syndrome.
{"title":"Urrets-Zavalia Syndrome after Penetrating Keratoplasty: A Case Report","authors":"Elakhdari Meriem, Bardi Chaimaa, Akannour Younes, Serghini Louai, Berraho Amina","doi":"10.9734/or/2023/v18i3388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/or/2023/v18i3388","url":null,"abstract":"Urrets-Zavalia syndrome is a dreaded complication of anterior segment surgery and the most common in patients undergoing corneal transplantation. Avoiding the prescription of mydriatic eye drops during the postoperative period is the mainstay of its therapy, which focuses on prevention. One month after having keratoplasty in the left eye, a 42-year-old man presented with Urrets-Zavalia syndrome and ocular hypertonia at 35 mmgh. Medical and surgical management were required in this situation. \u0000The purpose of our presentation is to describe a real-world instance of Urrets-Zavalia syndrome.","PeriodicalId":287685,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology Research: An International Journal","volume":"198 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116481014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-17DOI: 10.9734/or/2023/v18i3387
A. C. Boudghene, T. Ahmed, K. Belbachir, H. Ghalia
Purpose: The aim of this trail was to study the efficacy of photobiomodulation (PBM) treatment to reduce the intraocular pressure in subjects with primary open angle glaucoma disease. Methods: Twenty eyes suffering from open angle glaucoma with high IOP level were selected, examined and treated with Thera-RED light diode system. The subjects were divided into two groups (n=10); treated and placebo group respectively; this system provide two lights (red at 660n.m continue and Near IR light micro-pulsed at 850 n.m), the patients received two series of treatment (ten per month within three months between every series of sessions) over five months and follow up taking ocular pressure measurements after every diode delivery session. Results: A significant decrease in IOP has been observed from the first month of the treatment compared to the placebo group (from 22.6mmHg before treatment to 15 mmHg after the tenth session) this amelioration has been also remarked during the second session of treatment (fifth month) to attempt 14.2 mmHg. Conclusion: Thera-RED light diode system treatment shows a significant decrease of IOP and remained to be stable under 14.2 mmHg in all the follow up, which confirm that photobiomodulation help in reducing the intraocular pressure in glaucomatous patients .
{"title":"The Beneficial Effects of Photobiomodulation to Reduce Intraocular Pressure in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma","authors":"A. C. Boudghene, T. Ahmed, K. Belbachir, H. Ghalia","doi":"10.9734/or/2023/v18i3387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/or/2023/v18i3387","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The aim of this trail was to study the efficacy of photobiomodulation (PBM) treatment to reduce the intraocular pressure in subjects with primary open angle glaucoma disease. \u0000Methods: Twenty eyes suffering from open angle glaucoma with high IOP level were selected, examined and treated with Thera-RED light diode system. The subjects were divided into two groups (n=10); treated and placebo group respectively; this system provide two lights (red at 660n.m continue and Near IR light micro-pulsed at 850 n.m), the patients received two series of treatment (ten per month within three months between every series of sessions) over five months and follow up taking ocular pressure measurements after every diode delivery session. \u0000Results: A significant decrease in IOP has been observed from the first month of the treatment compared to the placebo group (from 22.6mmHg before treatment to 15 mmHg after the tenth session) this amelioration has been also remarked during the second session of treatment (fifth month) to attempt 14.2 mmHg. \u0000Conclusion: Thera-RED light diode system treatment shows a significant decrease of IOP and remained to be stable under 14.2 mmHg in all the follow up, which confirm that photobiomodulation help in reducing the intraocular pressure in glaucomatous patients .","PeriodicalId":287685,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology Research: An International Journal","volume":"225 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132139330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-17DOI: 10.9734/or/2023/v18i3386
Anjali Agrawal, Suchita Singh
Aims: To report a case of a rare giant eyelid eccrine hidrocystoma confirmed on histopathological examination and successful surgical excision with no recurrence. Presentation of Case: A young male presented with a mass over his eyelid which was gradually increasing in size, leading to drooping of the upper eyelid with no other associated symptoms. The mass 20x15x10 mm was present over the upper lid, non-mobile, non-tender, and firm. On the CT scan, a well-defined round to oval hypodense cystic mass was seen to be originating from the left upper eyelid. The cyst was excised and sent for histopathological analysis. The histological appearance of cystic spaces lined by cuboidal epithelium and containing mucinous fluid was suggestive of eccrine hidrocystoma. There was no recurrence till 2 months of follow-up. Conclusion: Eccrine hidrocystomas are 1-6 mm in size, generally 4 mm, and cysts larger than 10 mm are rare. Larger cysts have been described as “giant eccrine hidrocystoma.” Giant eyelid eccrine hidrocystoma is an unusual condition of the eyelid that must be considered in the differential diagnosis of eyelid tumours. They can be managed by complete surgical excision although recurrences are found to be common.
{"title":"Giant Eyelid Eccrine Hidrocystoma: A Case Report","authors":"Anjali Agrawal, Suchita Singh","doi":"10.9734/or/2023/v18i3386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/or/2023/v18i3386","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To report a case of a rare giant eyelid eccrine hidrocystoma confirmed on histopathological examination and successful surgical excision with no recurrence. \u0000Presentation of Case: A young male presented with a mass over his eyelid which was gradually increasing in size, leading to drooping of the upper eyelid with no other associated symptoms. The mass 20x15x10 mm was present over the upper lid, non-mobile, non-tender, and firm. On the CT scan, a well-defined round to oval hypodense cystic mass was seen to be originating from the left upper eyelid. The cyst was excised and sent for histopathological analysis. The histological appearance of cystic spaces lined by cuboidal epithelium and containing mucinous fluid was suggestive of eccrine hidrocystoma. There was no recurrence till 2 months of follow-up. \u0000Conclusion: Eccrine hidrocystomas are 1-6 mm in size, generally 4 mm, and cysts larger than 10 mm are rare. Larger cysts have been described as “giant eccrine hidrocystoma.” Giant eyelid eccrine hidrocystoma is an unusual condition of the eyelid that must be considered in the differential diagnosis of eyelid tumours. They can be managed by complete surgical excision although recurrences are found to be common.","PeriodicalId":287685,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology Research: An International Journal","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131182212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-02DOI: 10.9734/or/2023/v18i3385
Ditsha Datta, P. Khan, L. Khan, Ankita Singh
Purpose: Retinal pigment epithelial detachments (PEDs) are characterized by a separation between the RPE and the innermost aspect of Bruch's membrane. Many chorioretinal diseases can lead to pigment epithelial detachment of which the most common is age-related macular degeneration; but a significant number of PEDs are idiopathic in etiology. PEDs can be classified as drusenoid, serous, vascularized, or fibrovascular type. Currently, serous PED has not shown much response to treatment, so no specific treatment guidelines are established. Whereas vascularized PEDs, have several treatment options such as intravitreal anti-Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy, laser photocoagulation, photodynamic therapy (PDT) and intravitreal steroids. Hence, the need of the hour is to formulate a treatment strategy for serous PED. Methods: We report an original study of thirty patients who were diagnosed with serous pigment epithelial detachment on Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and fundus fluorescence angiography. All the patients presented to our outpatient department with the chief complaint of diminution of vision, central/paracentralscotoma and metamorphopsia. All of them underwent treatment with suprachoroidal anti-VEGF (bevacizumab).The patients were followed 8 weeks. Results: BCVA and Amsler grid assessment was recorded on the 3rd day,1st week, 2nd week, 4th week, 6th week, and 8th week. Post-injection SD-OCT macular scan was performed on the 6thweek. Functional improvement (BCVA) was reported by all patients. All the patients had reduced size and height of PED in SD-OCT. Conclusion: Thus, our result indicates that suprachoroidalbevacizumab is an efficacious treatment for serous PED. It can be hypothesized that as degenerative changes in bruch membrane due to metabolite deposit plays a key role in development of PED; injecting the anti VEGF drug in the suprachoroida space adjacent to the choroid has a superior effect.
{"title":"Role of Suprachoroidal Anti-VEGF Injections in Recalcitrant Serous Pigment Epithelium Detachment","authors":"Ditsha Datta, P. Khan, L. Khan, Ankita Singh","doi":"10.9734/or/2023/v18i3385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/or/2023/v18i3385","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Retinal pigment epithelial detachments (PEDs) are characterized by a separation between the RPE and the innermost aspect of Bruch's membrane. Many chorioretinal diseases can lead to pigment epithelial detachment of which the most common is age-related macular degeneration; but a significant number of PEDs are idiopathic in etiology. PEDs can be classified as drusenoid, serous, vascularized, or fibrovascular type. \u0000Currently, serous PED has not shown much response to treatment, so no specific treatment guidelines are established. Whereas vascularized PEDs, have several treatment options such as intravitreal anti-Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy, laser photocoagulation, photodynamic therapy (PDT) and intravitreal steroids. Hence, the need of the hour is to formulate a treatment strategy for serous PED. \u0000Methods: We report an original study of thirty patients who were diagnosed with serous pigment epithelial detachment on Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and fundus fluorescence angiography. All the patients presented to our outpatient department with the chief complaint of diminution of vision, central/paracentralscotoma and metamorphopsia. All of them underwent treatment with suprachoroidal anti-VEGF (bevacizumab).The patients were followed 8 weeks. \u0000Results: BCVA and Amsler grid assessment was recorded on the 3rd day,1st week, 2nd week, 4th week, 6th week, and 8th week. Post-injection SD-OCT macular scan was performed on the 6thweek. Functional improvement (BCVA) was reported by all patients. All the patients had reduced size and height of PED in SD-OCT. \u0000Conclusion: Thus, our result indicates that suprachoroidalbevacizumab is an efficacious treatment for serous PED. It can be hypothesized that as degenerative changes in bruch membrane due to metabolite deposit plays a key role in development of PED; injecting the anti VEGF drug in the suprachoroida space adjacent to the choroid has a superior effect.","PeriodicalId":287685,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology Research: An International Journal","volume":"167 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133891965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-27DOI: 10.9734/or/2023/v18i2384
Everisto Banda, P. M. Moonga, Elijah M. Mutoloki
Background: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a disorder of the developing retina of very low birth weight (VLBW) preterm infants. It is an important cause of childhood blindness and is listed as one of the causes of avoidable blindness in the vision 2020 - “The Right to Sight” Programme. ROP is more prevalent in highly developed countries where neonatal services’ availability, access and outcomes are good. The survival rates of Very low Birth Weight (VLBW) infant and low gestational age (GA) at the University Teaching Hospital (UTH), Women and Newborn Hospital (WNH) Neonatal Intensive Care Unit has improved. Aims: To estimate the prevalence of ROP at UTH, WNH, NICU. Study Design: Hospital-based cross-sectional study. Place and Duration: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Women and Newborn hospital at the University Teaching Hospital, in Lusaka, Zambia between November 2021 to April 2022. Methodology: We included 110 (54.5% males and 45.5% females) infants either born at <32 weeks GA or weighed <1500g. Dilated fundus examinations were done at 4 to 6 weeks chronological age or 31 to 33 weeks GA. Medical records were reviewed to identify associated factors. Results: Mean gestational age at birth was 30.6±2 weeks ranging from 27 to 34 weeks, mean birth weight was 1422.7±334.3 g ranging from 900g to 2200 g, mean Apgar score at 1 minute was 7±1.3, at 5 minutes the mean was 7.8±0.9, and at 10 minutes the mean was 8.4±0.7. Twenty-six (23.6%) were products of multiple gestations. Hyaline membrane disease was observed in 14 (12.7%), neonatal sepsis in 48 (43.6%), necrotising enterocolitis in 6 (5.5%), patent ductus arteriosus in one (0.9%), and hyperglycaemia in 56 (50.9%) cases. Conclusion: Our study found no participant with retinopathy of prematurity at UTH NICU. Further, the study could not make associations between suggested risk factors to the development of ROP. However, being a novel study on this topic in the country, it highlights the importance of setting up screening protocols and their attendant equipment in Special Care Baby Units at UTH and improving neonatal care services.
{"title":"Demographics and Clinical Patterns of Retinopathy of Prematurity at the University of Teaching Hospitals, Women and Newborn Hospital","authors":"Everisto Banda, P. M. Moonga, Elijah M. Mutoloki","doi":"10.9734/or/2023/v18i2384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/or/2023/v18i2384","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a disorder of the developing retina of very low birth weight (VLBW) preterm infants. It is an important cause of childhood blindness and is listed as one of the causes of avoidable blindness in the vision 2020 - “The Right to Sight” Programme. \u0000ROP is more prevalent in highly developed countries where neonatal services’ availability, access and outcomes are good. The survival rates of Very low Birth Weight (VLBW) infant and low gestational age (GA) at the University Teaching Hospital (UTH), Women and Newborn Hospital (WNH) Neonatal Intensive Care Unit has improved. \u0000Aims: To estimate the prevalence of ROP at UTH, WNH, NICU. \u0000Study Design: Hospital-based cross-sectional study. \u0000Place and Duration: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Women and Newborn hospital at the University Teaching Hospital, in Lusaka, Zambia between November 2021 to April 2022. \u0000Methodology: We included 110 (54.5% males and 45.5% females) infants either born at <32 weeks GA or weighed <1500g. Dilated fundus examinations were done at 4 to 6 weeks chronological age or 31 to 33 weeks GA. Medical records were reviewed to identify associated factors. \u0000Results: Mean gestational age at birth was 30.6±2 weeks ranging from 27 to 34 weeks, mean birth weight was 1422.7±334.3 g ranging from 900g to 2200 g, mean Apgar score at 1 minute was 7±1.3, at 5 minutes the mean was 7.8±0.9, and at 10 minutes the mean was 8.4±0.7. Twenty-six (23.6%) were products of multiple gestations. Hyaline membrane disease was observed in 14 (12.7%), neonatal sepsis in 48 (43.6%), necrotising enterocolitis in 6 (5.5%), patent ductus arteriosus in one (0.9%), and hyperglycaemia in 56 (50.9%) cases. \u0000Conclusion: Our study found no participant with retinopathy of prematurity at UTH NICU. Further, the study could not make associations between suggested risk factors to the development of ROP. However, being a novel study on this topic in the country, it highlights the importance of setting up screening protocols and their attendant equipment in Special Care Baby Units at UTH and improving neonatal care services.","PeriodicalId":287685,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology Research: An International Journal","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130146762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-22DOI: 10.9734/or/2023/v18i2383
A. Kouroupaki, E. Pateras, K. Karabatsas
Objective: To evaluate the effect of uncomplicated cataract surgery on macular and optic nerve head blood flow with Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCT-A). Retinal vascular changes and macular vessel remodeling following cataract surgery is an area of interest, as the effect, cause and duration of such changes remain debatable. Setting: Eye Department, Red Cross Tertiary General Hospital, Athens, Greece. Methods: In this study, we recruited cataract surgery candidates who had regular post operative visits and underwent longitudinal OCT-A examinations before and after surgery. Results: Macular vessel density increased in the post operative visits both in the superficial (SCP) and deep capillary network (DCP) (P<0.001) and showed a persistent effect over 3 months follow-up. Macular thickness increased over the first postoperative month, but returned to preoperative values at 3 months. Foveal avascular zone (FAZ) measurements and vessel density at radial peripapillary capillaries (RPC) were unaffected. Conclusions: OCT-A enables a quantitative analysis of blood flow by regular patient monitoring. In this study, we found that after cataract surgery, macular blood flow increased significantly. The reason for this could be attributed to post operative inflammatory process or vascular remodeling due to change in retinal metabolic demands.
{"title":"Quantitative Measurements of Macular and Optic Nerve Head Blood Flow Parameters Following Cataract Surgery in Eye Department, Red Cross Tertiary General Hospital, Athens, Greece","authors":"A. Kouroupaki, E. Pateras, K. Karabatsas","doi":"10.9734/or/2023/v18i2383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/or/2023/v18i2383","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To evaluate the effect of uncomplicated cataract surgery on macular and optic nerve head blood flow with Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCT-A). Retinal vascular changes and macular vessel remodeling following cataract surgery is an area of interest, as the effect, cause and duration of such changes remain debatable. \u0000Setting: Eye Department, Red Cross Tertiary General Hospital, Athens, Greece. \u0000Methods: In this study, we recruited cataract surgery candidates who had regular post operative visits and underwent longitudinal OCT-A examinations before and after surgery. \u0000Results: Macular vessel density increased in the post operative visits both in the superficial (SCP) and deep capillary network (DCP) (P<0.001) and showed a persistent effect over 3 months follow-up. Macular thickness increased over the first postoperative month, but returned to preoperative values at 3 months. Foveal avascular zone (FAZ) measurements and vessel density at radial peripapillary capillaries (RPC) were unaffected. \u0000Conclusions: OCT-A enables a quantitative analysis of blood flow by regular patient monitoring. In this study, we found that after cataract surgery, macular blood flow increased significantly. The reason for this could be attributed to post operative inflammatory process or vascular remodeling due to change in retinal metabolic demands.","PeriodicalId":287685,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology Research: An International Journal","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122659678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.9734/or/2023/v18i2381
John E. Moyegbone, E. Nwose, F. E. Kio, E. A. Agege, Tuoyo Omatsuli, J. Odoko, O. Akuirene
Aim: Visual impairment is a public health problem globally. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and pattern of visual impairment among adult population in Mangu Local Government Area (L.G.A), Plateau State, Nigeria. Study Design: A population-based descriptive cross-sectional survey of 802 adult population aged 18 years and above was conducted in Mangu L.G.A, Plateau State, Nigeria using a multi-stage cluster random sampling design. Methodology: Subjects were evaluated using a magnifying loupe, Snellen E chart, direct ophthalmoscope and torchlight. Vision status was defined using World Health Organization categories of visual impairment based on presenting visual acuity (VA). Results: Out of a total of 960 respondents enumerated for the study, 802 (83.5%) adults participated. Prevalence of blindness (presenting VA of less than 3/60 in the better eye) was 8.1%; prevalence of low vision (presenting VA of at least 3/60 but less than 6/18 in the better eye) was 27.6%; prevalence of overall visual impairment (presenting VA less than 6/18 in the better eye) was 35.7%. Prevalence of visual impairment was higher in males (40.8%) than in females (34.9%), although not statistically significant (p=0.098). Prevalence of blindness and impaired vision increased significantly with increasing age, from 21.7% at 20 - 39 years to 83.6% among those aged ≥80 years (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Much can be done by individuals, governments and non-governmental organizations to reduce so much blindness and vision loss through cost-effective interventions such as wears of sunglasses and other preventive measures to prevent ultraviolet radiation effect on their eyes.
{"title":"Prevalence and Pattern of Visual Impairment among Adult Population in Mangu Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria","authors":"John E. Moyegbone, E. Nwose, F. E. Kio, E. A. Agege, Tuoyo Omatsuli, J. Odoko, O. Akuirene","doi":"10.9734/or/2023/v18i2381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/or/2023/v18i2381","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Visual impairment is a public health problem globally. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and pattern of visual impairment among adult population in Mangu Local Government Area (L.G.A), Plateau State, Nigeria. \u0000Study Design: A population-based descriptive cross-sectional survey of 802 adult population aged 18 years and above was conducted in Mangu L.G.A, Plateau State, Nigeria using a multi-stage cluster random sampling design. \u0000Methodology: Subjects were evaluated using a magnifying loupe, Snellen E chart, direct ophthalmoscope and torchlight. Vision status was defined using World Health Organization categories of visual impairment based on presenting visual acuity (VA). \u0000Results: Out of a total of 960 respondents enumerated for the study, 802 (83.5%) adults participated. Prevalence of blindness (presenting VA of less than 3/60 in the better eye) was 8.1%; prevalence of low vision (presenting VA of at least 3/60 but less than 6/18 in the better eye) was 27.6%; prevalence of overall visual impairment (presenting VA less than 6/18 in the better eye) was 35.7%. Prevalence of visual impairment was higher in males (40.8%) than in females (34.9%), although not statistically significant (p=0.098). Prevalence of blindness and impaired vision increased significantly with increasing age, from 21.7% at 20 - 39 years to 83.6% among those aged ≥80 years (P < 0.001). \u0000Conclusion: Much can be done by individuals, governments and non-governmental organizations to reduce so much blindness and vision loss through cost-effective interventions such as wears of sunglasses and other preventive measures to prevent ultraviolet radiation effect on their eyes.","PeriodicalId":287685,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology Research: An International Journal","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125351142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-18DOI: 10.9734/or/2023/v18i2380
Akannour Younes, Akhdari Meryem, K. Mrad, Kamal Elmajdoubi Idrissi Louai Serghini, A. Elhassan, Berraho Amina
Mini-scleral lens’ are large diameter rigid lenses that are used to rehabilitate vision when the corneal shape is distorted from disease, scarring or after a corneal graft procedure, however, there are relatively few reports regarding their potential complications, in this case we describe the case of a corneal abscess in a mini-scleral lens wearer with keratoconus in order to determine whether this type of contact lens presents an increased risk of infection.
{"title":"Corneal Abscess on Mini-scleral Contact Lens: Clinical Case","authors":"Akannour Younes, Akhdari Meryem, K. Mrad, Kamal Elmajdoubi Idrissi Louai Serghini, A. Elhassan, Berraho Amina","doi":"10.9734/or/2023/v18i2380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/or/2023/v18i2380","url":null,"abstract":"Mini-scleral lens’ are large diameter rigid lenses that are used to rehabilitate vision when the corneal shape is distorted from disease, scarring or after a corneal graft procedure, however, there are relatively few reports regarding their potential complications, in this case we describe the case of a corneal abscess in a mini-scleral lens wearer with keratoconus in order to determine whether this type of contact lens presents an increased risk of infection.","PeriodicalId":287685,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology Research: An International Journal","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130589491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-11DOI: 10.9734/or/2023/v18i2379
Mulubwa Serenje, K. I. Muma, Elijah M. Mutoloki
Background: Uncorrected refractive error is one of the leading causes of visual impairment and blindness world-over. The distribution and pattern of presentation is variable depending on various factors. Regardless of the type, refractive errors are easily correctable with spectacles if diagnosed early. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the pattern of refractive errors among medical students at University of Zambia - School of Medicine. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the University Teaching Hospitals-Eye Hospital involving Master of Medicine, Master of Surgery (MBChB) students from third to seventh year of study at University of Zambia - School of Medicine, Ridgeway campus between October 2021 and March 2022. A total of 210 participants were recruited in the study. Subjects had non-cycloplegic autorefraction combined with a researcher administered questionnaire. Spherical equivalents (SE) ≥ - 0.50D were determined as myopia; SE of ≥ + 0.50D hyperopia and ≥ -0.50D cylinder as astigmatism. Statistical analysis was carried out using Stata version 13.0. Results: One hundred and forty-one (67.1%) subjects had a form of refractive error; 56.0%, 31.2% and 12.8% of them were astigmats, myopes or hyperopes, respectively. The prevalence of ametropia was 65.0 % in females and 69.0 % in males. Minus spherical errors ranged from -0.25 to -5.00D and plus spherical errors ranged from +0.25 to +3.00D. The mean spherical equivalent for the group was -0.45D. Parental history of refractive error was significantly associated with diagnosis of refractive error (p=0.001) while age and gender were not (p = 0.428 and 0.530, respectively). The majority (68.6%) of participants were not aware of their refractive error. Conclusion: The prevalence of refractive errors among medical students was high, with astigmatism being the most common type. The majority of those found with refractive error were not aware of the diagnosis.
背景:在世界范围内，未矫正的屈光不正是视力损害和失明的主要原因之一。呈现的分布和模式因各种因素而异。无论何种类型的屈光不正，如果诊断得早，都很容易用眼镜矫正。目的:本研究的目的是评估赞比亚大学医学院医学生屈光不正的模式。方法:这是一项在大学教学医院眼科医院进行的横断面研究，涉及2021年10月至2022年3月期间在赞比亚大学-医学院里奇韦校区学习三至七年级的医学硕士、外科硕士(MBChB)学生。这项研究共招募了210名参与者。受试者有非睫状体麻痹性自身屈光并结合研究者管理的问卷。球形当量(Spherical equivalent, SE)≥0.50D判定为近视;SE≥+ 0.50D远视和≥-0.50D圆柱形视为散光。采用Stata version 13.0进行统计分析。结果:141例(67.1%)患者有屈光不正;散光、近视眼和远视眼分别占56.0%、31.2%和12.8%。女性屈光率为65.0%，男性为69.0%。负球面误差范围为-0.25至-5.00D，正球面误差范围为+0.25至+3.00D。该组的平均球形当量为-0.45D。父母屈光不正史与屈光不正诊断有显著相关性(p=0.001)，而年龄和性别与屈光不正诊断无显著相关性(p分别为0.428和0.530)。大多数(68.6%)的参与者不知道他们的屈光不正。结论:医学生屈光不正发生率较高，以散光最为常见。大多数屈光不正患者并不知道自己的诊断结果。
{"title":"Patterns of Refractive Errors among Medical Students at the University of Zambia School of Medicine","authors":"Mulubwa Serenje, K. I. Muma, Elijah M. Mutoloki","doi":"10.9734/or/2023/v18i2379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/or/2023/v18i2379","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Uncorrected refractive error is one of the leading causes of visual impairment and blindness world-over. The distribution and pattern of presentation is variable depending on various factors. Regardless of the type, refractive errors are easily correctable with spectacles if diagnosed early. \u0000Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the pattern of refractive errors among medical students at University of Zambia - School of Medicine. \u0000Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the University Teaching Hospitals-Eye Hospital involving Master of Medicine, Master of Surgery (MBChB) students from third to seventh year of study at University of Zambia - School of Medicine, Ridgeway campus between October 2021 and March 2022. A total of 210 participants were recruited in the study. Subjects had non-cycloplegic autorefraction combined with a researcher administered questionnaire. Spherical equivalents (SE) ≥ - 0.50D were determined as myopia; SE of ≥ + 0.50D hyperopia and ≥ -0.50D cylinder as astigmatism. Statistical analysis was carried out using Stata version 13.0. \u0000Results: One hundred and forty-one (67.1%) subjects had a form of refractive error; 56.0%, 31.2% and 12.8% of them were astigmats, myopes or hyperopes, respectively. The prevalence of ametropia was 65.0 % in females and 69.0 % in males. Minus spherical errors ranged from -0.25 to -5.00D and plus spherical errors ranged from +0.25 to +3.00D. The mean spherical equivalent for the group was -0.45D. Parental history of refractive error was significantly associated with diagnosis of refractive error (p=0.001) while age and gender were not (p = 0.428 and 0.530, respectively). The majority (68.6%) of participants were not aware of their refractive error. \u0000Conclusion: The prevalence of refractive errors among medical students was high, with astigmatism being the most common type. The majority of those found with refractive error were not aware of the diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":287685,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology Research: An International Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133019550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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