Pub Date : 1993-10-31DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.1993.701677
V. Moroz, A.A. Khrutchinsky, S. Kuten, A.A. Bogatko
{"title":"Portable Gamma-ray Differential Radiometer For Measurement Of The Radioactive Contamination Of The Environmental Objects","authors":"V. Moroz, A.A. Khrutchinsky, S. Kuten, A.A. Bogatko","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.1993.701677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.1993.701677","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":287813,"journal":{"name":"1993 IEEE Conference Record Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference","volume":"61 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120887381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-10-31DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.1993.701694
J. Budnick
{"title":"Ignitron-based Tune-jump Power Supply/magnet","authors":"J. Budnick","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.1993.701694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.1993.701694","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":287813,"journal":{"name":"1993 IEEE Conference Record Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116434779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-10-31DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.1993.701729
G. Ripamonti, A. Castoldi, R. Spigarolo, E. Gatti
By using an analog prefilter and a sampled data processor, it is possible to easily implement an entire class of weighting functions. Their main feature is a finite time duration; an additional interesting property is the small number of samples needed to process a pulse. Flat tops witlun better than 1% accuracy can also be achieved. Possible implementations of these filters are discussed with emphasis on causes of inaccuracy. In particular, these filters come out to be time-variant. Synchronization issues are therefore developed and thoroughly discussed. In a mixed analogdigtal implementation, particular regard should be gven to the A/D converter: the requirements on its characteristics are derived. On the contrary, once a pulse is sampled and digitized, the realization of a delay line is straightforward, since it can be obtained with memory elements arranged, e.g., in a shift regrster. The availability of analog to Qgital converters of ever increasing speed and quality makes it also possible to conceive Delay Line shapers obtained with Qgital techniques. In fact, one processor based on switched capacitor filters has been reported, suitable for the LHC experiment at CERN [2]. In this paper, we examine the conditions that the digital filter should fulfill in order to obtain a signal shaping that retains a finite duration of the impulse response once a particular analog prefilter is chosen. The well known Delay Line, Double Delay Line shapers as well as those shapers described in [2] are obtained as particular cases. Some effects due to the non idealities of the filters are also dealt with, together with a discussion of synchronization issues.
{"title":"A New Class Of Weighting Functions Readily Available With Sampled Data Processors","authors":"G. Ripamonti, A. Castoldi, R. Spigarolo, E. Gatti","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.1993.701729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.1993.701729","url":null,"abstract":"By using an analog prefilter and a sampled data processor, it is possible to easily implement an entire class of weighting functions. Their main feature is a finite time duration; an additional interesting property is the small number of samples needed to process a pulse. Flat tops witlun better than 1% accuracy can also be achieved. Possible implementations of these filters are discussed with emphasis on causes of inaccuracy. In particular, these filters come out to be time-variant. Synchronization issues are therefore developed and thoroughly discussed. In a mixed analogdigtal implementation, particular regard should be gven to the A/D converter: the requirements on its characteristics are derived. On the contrary, once a pulse is sampled and digitized, the realization of a delay line is straightforward, since it can be obtained with memory elements arranged, e.g., in a shift regrster. The availability of analog to Qgital converters of ever increasing speed and quality makes it also possible to conceive Delay Line shapers obtained with Qgital techniques. In fact, one processor based on switched capacitor filters has been reported, suitable for the LHC experiment at CERN [2]. In this paper, we examine the conditions that the digital filter should fulfill in order to obtain a signal shaping that retains a finite duration of the impulse response once a particular analog prefilter is chosen. The well known Delay Line, Double Delay Line shapers as well as those shapers described in [2] are obtained as particular cases. Some effects due to the non idealities of the filters are also dealt with, together with a discussion of synchronization issues.","PeriodicalId":287813,"journal":{"name":"1993 IEEE Conference Record Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134174532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-10-31DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.1993.701665
L. Nagornaya, V. Ryzhikov, I. Tupitsina
New very promising heavy fast PbW04 crystals as radiators for the dense high resolution photon calorimeters were studied in this paper. First R&D results obtained with the real-size calorimeter cells are presented. I t was shown that owing to high density and transparency, quick response (“4 ns), high radiation stability (over 10 mrad) with percent energy resolution above 1 GeV the PbW04 -based scintillators became a most advantageous candidate for the creation of total absorption compact detectors of EM calorimeters 3. RESULTS
{"title":"PbWO/sub 4/-based Fast Heavy Scintillator For The Total Absorption Detectors Of EM Calorimeters","authors":"L. Nagornaya, V. Ryzhikov, I. Tupitsina","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.1993.701665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.1993.701665","url":null,"abstract":"New very promising heavy fast PbW04 crystals as radiators for the dense high resolution photon calorimeters were studied in this paper. First R&D results obtained with the real-size calorimeter cells are presented. I t was shown that owing to high density and transparency, quick response (“4 ns), high radiation stability (over 10 mrad) with percent energy resolution above 1 GeV the PbW04 -based scintillators became a most advantageous candidate for the creation of total absorption compact detectors of EM calorimeters 3. RESULTS","PeriodicalId":287813,"journal":{"name":"1993 IEEE Conference Record Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133379440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-10-31DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.1993.701655
T. Shoji, K. Ohba, T. Suehiro, Y. Hiratate
An improved method is proposed for the production of single crystals of lead iodide (PbIb. This method is basically a four-pass Bridgman method. Bulk-type nuclear radiation detectors have been fabricated by use of crystals grown by the present method. The characteristics of the detectors, particularly the response for a-particles with an energy of 5.48 MeV has been measured and compared with that of other detectors fabricated with materials grown by the ordinary Bridgman method. A clear peak has been successfully observed in the pulse-height spectrum. On the other hand no peak has been observed with the detector by the material grown by the ordinary Bridgman method. From the measurements of peak position versus applied bias voltage the average energy for the production of electron-hole pairs and the pz product of hole are estimated as about 30 eV and lo-' cm2/V, respectively.
{"title":"Characterization Of Radiation Detector Using The PBI/sub 2/crystal By Response Properties Of /spl alpha/-rays","authors":"T. Shoji, K. Ohba, T. Suehiro, Y. Hiratate","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.1993.701655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.1993.701655","url":null,"abstract":"An improved method is proposed for the production of single crystals of lead iodide (PbIb. This method is basically a four-pass Bridgman method. Bulk-type nuclear radiation detectors have been fabricated by use of crystals grown by the present method. The characteristics of the detectors, particularly the response for a-particles with an energy of 5.48 MeV has been measured and compared with that of other detectors fabricated with materials grown by the ordinary Bridgman method. A clear peak has been successfully observed in the pulse-height spectrum. On the other hand no peak has been observed with the detector by the material grown by the ordinary Bridgman method. From the measurements of peak position versus applied bias voltage the average energy for the production of electron-hole pairs and the pz product of hole are estimated as about 30 eV and lo-' cm2/V, respectively.","PeriodicalId":287813,"journal":{"name":"1993 IEEE Conference Record Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference","volume":"145 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130035795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-10-31DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.1993.373622
J. Bladen, A. P. Anderson, G. D. Bell, D. Heatley
A system for mapping, in real time, the three dimensional path of a medical endoscope is described. The system, which may be used with existing endoscopes, generates weak magnetic fields (/spl sim/10 /spl mu/T) within the patient which are detected in the endoscope by an array of miniature magnetic field sensors. The signals from the sensors are processed by a specially devised novel algorithm in the host computer to determine the position and orientation of each sensor. This data is used to display to the endoscopist, in three dimensions, the path of the endoscope on a computer screen, with facilities for image rotation and zoom. The system may be run continuously throughout the examination procedure with no known risk to the patient or endoscopist. Clinical trials have been carried out which clearly show the advantages of the system, including reduced examination time and patient discomfort.<>
{"title":"A non-radiological technique for the real time imaging of endoscopes in 3 dimensions","authors":"J. Bladen, A. P. Anderson, G. D. Bell, D. Heatley","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.1993.373622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.1993.373622","url":null,"abstract":"A system for mapping, in real time, the three dimensional path of a medical endoscope is described. The system, which may be used with existing endoscopes, generates weak magnetic fields (/spl sim/10 /spl mu/T) within the patient which are detected in the endoscope by an array of miniature magnetic field sensors. The signals from the sensors are processed by a specially devised novel algorithm in the host computer to determine the position and orientation of each sensor. This data is used to display to the endoscopist, in three dimensions, the path of the endoscope on a computer screen, with facilities for image rotation and zoom. The system may be run continuously throughout the examination procedure with no known risk to the patient or endoscopist. Clinical trials have been carried out which clearly show the advantages of the system, including reduced examination time and patient discomfort.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":287813,"journal":{"name":"1993 IEEE Conference Record Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130262326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-10-31DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.1993.701865
E. Paraf, A. Bouvier, J. Vacher
{"title":"Monte- Carlo Simulation Of A New 3D TOF-PET Camera: A Sensitivity Study","authors":"E. Paraf, A. Bouvier, J. Vacher","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.1993.701865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.1993.701865","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":287813,"journal":{"name":"1993 IEEE Conference Record Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114961648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-10-31DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.1993.373630
M. Cree, P. Bones
A novel type of gamma-camera based on coincident detection of photons on two detecting planes, sometimes called electronic collimation, has been demonstrated elsewhere to have the potential to better the counting statistics and energy resolution of the Anger camera. As Compton scattering is used to localise photon direction vectors, the projections can be considered to be a set of integrals over the surfaces of cones. Thus the algorithms needed for fully three-dimensional reconstruction differ from those used in conventional tomography. If a complete set of projections is collected over an infinitely extending plane it is shown that the reconstruction problem is not only analytically solvable but also overspecified in the absence of measurement uncertainties. However, practical limitations dictate that all measurements are utilised. Relationships in Fourier space connecting a subset of the projections to the source image and to parallel-ray projections are developed. Results of computer simulations are presented which indicate the performance characteristics necessary in the detector to achieve usable reconstruction.<>
{"title":"Direct reconstruction methods for the Compton scattering camera for use in SPECT","authors":"M. Cree, P. Bones","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.1993.373630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.1993.373630","url":null,"abstract":"A novel type of gamma-camera based on coincident detection of photons on two detecting planes, sometimes called electronic collimation, has been demonstrated elsewhere to have the potential to better the counting statistics and energy resolution of the Anger camera. As Compton scattering is used to localise photon direction vectors, the projections can be considered to be a set of integrals over the surfaces of cones. Thus the algorithms needed for fully three-dimensional reconstruction differ from those used in conventional tomography. If a complete set of projections is collected over an infinitely extending plane it is shown that the reconstruction problem is not only analytically solvable but also overspecified in the absence of measurement uncertainties. However, practical limitations dictate that all measurements are utilised. Relationships in Fourier space connecting a subset of the projections to the source image and to parallel-ray projections are developed. Results of computer simulations are presented which indicate the performance characteristics necessary in the detector to achieve usable reconstruction.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":287813,"journal":{"name":"1993 IEEE Conference Record Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115088308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-10-31DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.1993.701688
L. Bosisio, F. Forti, E. Tomacruz
We report on a study of the capacitance of silicon pixel detectors to be used as tracking devices for high energy physics experiments. The pixel capacitance matrix plays an important role in system design issues, such as preamplifier matching and cross-talk among pixels. Test results on 100 x 100 pm2 pixels are compared with data obtained from a massively parallel tridimensional simulation code which is necessary to account for the intrinsically 3D nature of the pixel structure.
本文报道了用于高能物理实验跟踪装置的硅像素探测器的电容研究。像素电容矩阵在前置放大器匹配和像素间串扰等系统设计问题中起着重要的作用。将100 x 100 pm2像素上的测试结果与从大规模并行三维模拟代码获得的数据进行比较，这对于考虑像素结构的内在3D性质是必要的。
{"title":"Measurement And Tridimensional Simulation Of Silicon Pixel Detector Capacitance","authors":"L. Bosisio, F. Forti, E. Tomacruz","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.1993.701688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.1993.701688","url":null,"abstract":"We report on a study of the capacitance of silicon pixel detectors to be used as tracking devices for high energy physics experiments. The pixel capacitance matrix plays an important role in system design issues, such as preamplifier matching and cross-talk among pixels. Test results on 100 x 100 pm2 pixels are compared with data obtained from a massively parallel tridimensional simulation code which is necessary to account for the intrinsically 3D nature of the pixel structure.","PeriodicalId":287813,"journal":{"name":"1993 IEEE Conference Record Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference","volume":"241 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116518149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-10-31DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.1993.701860
W. Chang, Yingai Liu, B. Kari
A new detector module has been developed for a prototype system, McSPECT II, which is being constructed for high-resolution clinical brain imaging. The detector module is the building block of the cylindrical detector system of the McSPECT II. Each detector module contains 5 NaI(Tl) bars and is backed by a glass window in an aluminum housing. Each detector module is associated with 6 PMTs to form a functional unit for position estimation. Bench-top tests performed on a sample unit demonstrated an average of 10.5% local energy resolution (ER) at 140 keV. Centroid calculations were applied in both orthogonal directions of the module for position estimation. In the longitudinal direction, a two-step centroid method yields a 13 cm UFOV (useful field-of-view) along the bar and an 11 cm CFOV (center FOV), with intrinsic spatial resolution of >
{"title":"A New Modular Detector For A Cylindrical Brain SPECT System","authors":"W. Chang, Yingai Liu, B. Kari","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.1993.701860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.1993.701860","url":null,"abstract":"A new detector module has been developed for a prototype system, McSPECT II, which is being constructed for high-resolution clinical brain imaging. The detector module is the building block of the cylindrical detector system of the McSPECT II. Each detector module contains 5 NaI(Tl) bars and is backed by a glass window in an aluminum housing. Each detector module is associated with 6 PMTs to form a functional unit for position estimation. Bench-top tests performed on a sample unit demonstrated an average of 10.5% local energy resolution (ER) at 140 keV. Centroid calculations were applied in both orthogonal directions of the module for position estimation. In the longitudinal direction, a two-step centroid method yields a 13 cm UFOV (useful field-of-view) along the bar and an 11 cm CFOV (center FOV), with intrinsic spatial resolution of >","PeriodicalId":287813,"journal":{"name":"1993 IEEE Conference Record Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114711042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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