Tulisan ini adalah sebuah kajian tentang pentingnya penggalangan para mantan narapidana teroris guna mencegah berkembangnya paham radikalisme di Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Berdasarkan keterangan dari BNPT, dari sekitar 600 orang mantan narapidana teroris (Napiter) yang sudah bebas, beberapa diantaranya kembali melakukan aksi terorisme. Kasus-kasus serangan terorisme di Indonesia telah mengungkap peran mereka, para tokoh dan pengikut ISIS yang masih berada di balik maupun sudah keluar penjara. Lembaga Pemasyarakatan (LP) yang seharusnya tidak hanya memberikan sanksi hukum dan menciptakan efek jera, namun juga dapat menyadarkan mereka atas perilaku mereka yang keliru. LP yang menyiapkan mereka kembali ke masyarakat, ternyata telah berubah fungi, digunakan sebagai tempat untuk menyebarkan ideologi mereka dan merekrut pengikut baru. Para mantan Napiter tersebut kini telah kembali ke masyarakat yang tersebar ke berbagai daerah, salah satunya daerah Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Para mantan Napiter merupakan pihak yang dapat digalang untuk mencegah berkembangnya kembali paham radikalisme dan aksi terorisme. Indonesia pernah dikagetkan dengan kejadian ledakan bom bunuh diri di Polrestabes Medan pada November 2019 lalu. Pelaku bom bunuh diri berinisial RMN merupakan warga Kecamatan Medan Marelan Kota Medan. Hasil pengembangan penyelidikan yang dilakukan oleh aparat keamanan bahwa pelaku memiliki jaringan yang tersebar di Kota Medan. Sebagian besar anggota kelompok jaringan pelaku merupakan warga Kecamatan Medan Belawan. Densus 88, Polda Sumatera Utara dan Polres Pelabuhan Belawan langsung melakukan penggerebekan ke rumah-rumah para tersangka jaringan RMN. Dalam kegiatan penyidikan aparat Kepolisian juga dibantu oleh Lantamal I untuk mengamankan lokasi. Gagalnya perjuangan ISIS di Suriah telah membuat strategi baru agar pengikut mereka disebar ke seluruh dunia salah satunya Indonesia. Salah satu kelompok yang berafiliasi dengan ISIS adalah Jamaah Ansharut Daulah (JAD). Kebangkitan perlawanan secara serentak kelompok JAD mengakibatkan bertumbuhnya sel-sel jaringannya di daerah Sumatera Utara. Pada kasus terorisme yang terbaru di Provinsi Sumatera Utara, Polisi telah menetapkan 23 tersangka terkait bom bunuh diri tanggal 13 November 2019 di Polrestabes Medan. Hasil pemeriksaan aparat keamanan diperoleh keterangan bahwa para tersangka tersebut merupakan bagian dari kelompok JAD wilayah Aceh dan Sumatera Utara. Para tersangka telah membaiat diri kepada Amir JAD wilayah Sumatera Utara, termasuk pelaku yang meninggal dunia RMN. Melihat perkembangan tersebut maka perlu dilakukan penggalangan intelijen namun tetap memperhatikan Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM) daripada para mantan Napiter tersebut. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan suatu metode penggalangan yang mengedepankan pendekatan persuasif (soft approach) dan menyentuh akar rumput (soul approach) yang dapat menyentuh dan memperbaharui objek penggalangan itu.
{"title":"PENGGALANGAN PARA MANTAN NARAPIDANA TERORIS GUNA MENCEGAH RADIKALISME DAN TERORISME DI PROVINSI SUMATERA UTARA","authors":"Satya Dharma Pardede","doi":"10.33172/jpbh.v10i3.918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33172/jpbh.v10i3.918","url":null,"abstract":"Tulisan ini adalah sebuah kajian tentang pentingnya penggalangan para mantan narapidana teroris guna mencegah berkembangnya paham radikalisme di Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Berdasarkan keterangan dari BNPT, dari sekitar 600 orang mantan narapidana teroris (Napiter) yang sudah bebas, beberapa diantaranya kembali melakukan aksi terorisme. Kasus-kasus serangan terorisme di Indonesia telah mengungkap peran mereka, para tokoh dan pengikut ISIS yang masih berada di balik maupun sudah keluar penjara. Lembaga Pemasyarakatan (LP) yang seharusnya tidak hanya memberikan sanksi hukum dan menciptakan efek jera, namun juga dapat menyadarkan mereka atas perilaku mereka yang keliru. LP yang menyiapkan mereka kembali ke masyarakat, ternyata telah berubah fungi, digunakan sebagai tempat untuk menyebarkan ideologi mereka dan merekrut pengikut baru. Para mantan Napiter tersebut kini telah kembali ke masyarakat yang tersebar ke berbagai daerah, salah satunya daerah Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Para mantan Napiter merupakan pihak yang dapat digalang untuk mencegah berkembangnya kembali paham radikalisme dan aksi terorisme. Indonesia pernah dikagetkan dengan kejadian ledakan bom bunuh diri di Polrestabes Medan pada November 2019 lalu. Pelaku bom bunuh diri berinisial RMN merupakan warga Kecamatan Medan Marelan Kota Medan. Hasil pengembangan penyelidikan yang dilakukan oleh aparat keamanan bahwa pelaku memiliki jaringan yang tersebar di Kota Medan. Sebagian besar anggota kelompok jaringan pelaku merupakan warga Kecamatan Medan Belawan. Densus 88, Polda Sumatera Utara dan Polres Pelabuhan Belawan langsung melakukan penggerebekan ke rumah-rumah para tersangka jaringan RMN. Dalam kegiatan penyidikan aparat Kepolisian juga dibantu oleh Lantamal I untuk mengamankan lokasi. Gagalnya perjuangan ISIS di Suriah telah membuat strategi baru agar pengikut mereka disebar ke seluruh dunia salah satunya Indonesia. Salah satu kelompok yang berafiliasi dengan ISIS adalah Jamaah Ansharut Daulah (JAD). Kebangkitan perlawanan secara serentak kelompok JAD mengakibatkan bertumbuhnya sel-sel jaringannya di daerah Sumatera Utara. Pada kasus terorisme yang terbaru di Provinsi Sumatera Utara, Polisi telah menetapkan 23 tersangka terkait bom bunuh diri tanggal 13 November 2019 di Polrestabes Medan. Hasil pemeriksaan aparat keamanan diperoleh keterangan bahwa para tersangka tersebut merupakan bagian dari kelompok JAD wilayah Aceh dan Sumatera Utara. Para tersangka telah membaiat diri kepada Amir JAD wilayah Sumatera Utara, termasuk pelaku yang meninggal dunia RMN. Melihat perkembangan tersebut maka perlu dilakukan penggalangan intelijen namun tetap memperhatikan Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM) daripada para mantan Napiter tersebut. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan suatu metode penggalangan yang mengedepankan pendekatan persuasif (soft approach) dan menyentuh akar rumput (soul approach) yang dapat menyentuh dan memperbaharui objek penggalangan itu.","PeriodicalId":292170,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Pertahanan & Bela Negara","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126287078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-22DOI: 10.33172/jpbh.v10i3.1044
Mursyid Setiawan, Hilal Ramdhani, Cecep Darmawan
Sumber daya manusia merupakan aspek yang sangat penting bagi kemajuan suatu bangsa, permasalahan yang terjadi saat ini yaitu adanya ancaman internal berupa radikalisme, teorisme dan inteloransi, serta ancaman eksternal berupa keamanan territorial dan keamanan digital. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk memahami dan menganalisa strategi Badan Kesatuan Bangsa dan Politik Kota Bandung dalam mewujudkan sumber daya manusia unggul guna menghadapi berbagai ancaman yang dihadapi Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus, teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan reduksi, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsep strategi yang dilakukan oleh Badan Kesatuan Bangsa dan Politik Kota Bandung berupa pendidikan dan pelatihan bela negara kepada masyarakat, pelaksanaan yang dilakukan masih bersifat konvensional, alternatif untuk mewujudkan sumber daya manusia unggul yang dilakukan oleh Badan Kesatuan Bangsa dan Politik yaitu dengan mengoptimalkan penggunaan teknologi, membuat kurikulum yang berkelanjutan dan berkesinambungan dan fokus pada pengembangan literasi digital masyarakat untuk mencegah berbagai ancaman eksternal dan internal.Kata Kunci: Badan Kesatuan Bangsa dan Politik, Bela Negara, Indonesia, Masyarakat, Sumber Daya Manusia
{"title":"STRATEGI BADAN KESATUAN BANGSA DAN POLITIK DALAM MEWUJUDKAN SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA UNGGUL","authors":"Mursyid Setiawan, Hilal Ramdhani, Cecep Darmawan","doi":"10.33172/jpbh.v10i3.1044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33172/jpbh.v10i3.1044","url":null,"abstract":"Sumber daya manusia merupakan aspek yang sangat penting bagi kemajuan suatu bangsa, permasalahan yang terjadi saat ini yaitu adanya ancaman internal berupa radikalisme, teorisme dan inteloransi, serta ancaman eksternal berupa keamanan territorial dan keamanan digital. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk memahami dan menganalisa strategi Badan Kesatuan Bangsa dan Politik Kota Bandung dalam mewujudkan sumber daya manusia unggul guna menghadapi berbagai ancaman yang dihadapi Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus, teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan reduksi, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsep strategi yang dilakukan oleh Badan Kesatuan Bangsa dan Politik Kota Bandung berupa pendidikan dan pelatihan bela negara kepada masyarakat, pelaksanaan yang dilakukan masih bersifat konvensional, alternatif untuk mewujudkan sumber daya manusia unggul yang dilakukan oleh Badan Kesatuan Bangsa dan Politik yaitu dengan mengoptimalkan penggunaan teknologi, membuat kurikulum yang berkelanjutan dan berkesinambungan dan fokus pada pengembangan literasi digital masyarakat untuk mencegah berbagai ancaman eksternal dan internal.Kata Kunci: Badan Kesatuan Bangsa dan Politik, Bela Negara, Indonesia, Masyarakat, Sumber Daya Manusia","PeriodicalId":292170,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Pertahanan & Bela Negara","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129430095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marina Ika Sari, Yuli Ari Sulistyani, A. C. Pertiwi
The involvement of the military in the global health crisis has begun since the COVID-19 outbreak broke out in Indonesia, starting from the implementation of Large-Scale Social Distancing to the implementation of the new normal adaptation phase. However, the involvement has received mixed responses. Some parties consider it as natural, while others question the urgency of the military involvement. This study focuses on the role of two defense institutions, namely the Indonesian National Armed Forces and the Ministry of Defense in handling the COVID-19. It employs a qualitative research method and the theory of role, the concept of national defense, and the concept of Pandemic Management to analyze the problem. This study finds that the Indonesian National Armed Forces has a strategic role in several fields such as health, security and socio-economic as part of the efforts to contain COVID-19. The Ministry of Defense also plays a strategic role both internally and externally, by cooperating with other ministries, domestic private companies, state-owned enterprises in the defense industry sector, and with other countries in containing the COVID-19 pandemic.Keywords: role, defense, military, pandemic, COVID-19.
{"title":"THE ROLE OF THE DEFENSE INSTITUTIONS IN HANDLING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC","authors":"Marina Ika Sari, Yuli Ari Sulistyani, A. C. Pertiwi","doi":"10.33172/jpbh.v10i2.897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33172/jpbh.v10i2.897","url":null,"abstract":"The involvement of the military in the global health crisis has begun since the COVID-19 outbreak broke out in Indonesia, starting from the implementation of Large-Scale Social Distancing to the implementation of the new normal adaptation phase. However, the involvement has received mixed responses. Some parties consider it as natural, while others question the urgency of the military involvement. This study focuses on the role of two defense institutions, namely the Indonesian National Armed Forces and the Ministry of Defense in handling the COVID-19. It employs a qualitative research method and the theory of role, the concept of national defense, and the concept of Pandemic Management to analyze the problem. This study finds that the Indonesian National Armed Forces has a strategic role in several fields such as health, security and socio-economic as part of the efforts to contain COVID-19. The Ministry of Defense also plays a strategic role both internally and externally, by cooperating with other ministries, domestic private companies, state-owned enterprises in the defense industry sector, and with other countries in containing the COVID-19 pandemic.Keywords: role, defense, military, pandemic, COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":292170,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Pertahanan & Bela Negara","volume":"294 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121493385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The National Counter Terrorism Agency (BNPT) said that until the end of 2018 the success rate of the deradicalization program reached one hundred percent. The deradicalization program has already been attended by 800 people; 325 former terrorism inmates and the rest of the families of terrorist prisoners. None of the 325 ex-terrorist inmates who participated in the deradicalization program resumed acts of terror. One aspect that supports the success of the deradicalization program in Indonesia is the communication aspect. The purpose of this study is to elaborate aspects of communication, especially BNPT communication strategies in the deradicalization program. The author uses qualitative research methods in this study. The conclusion of the research shows that BNPT utilizes the communication strategy as one of the successes of the success of the deradicalization program even though the communication strategy used by the BNPT is not written and detailed.Keywords: communication, a former terrorist convict, strategy, deradicalization, terrorism.
{"title":"COMMUNICATION STRATEGY OF THE NATIONAL COUNTER TERRORISM AGENCY IN THE DERADICALIZATION PROGRAM IN INDONESIA","authors":"S. Sugiarto","doi":"10.33172/jpbh.v10i2.898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33172/jpbh.v10i2.898","url":null,"abstract":"The National Counter Terrorism Agency (BNPT) said that until the end of 2018 the success rate of the deradicalization program reached one hundred percent. The deradicalization program has already been attended by 800 people; 325 former terrorism inmates and the rest of the families of terrorist prisoners. None of the 325 ex-terrorist inmates who participated in the deradicalization program resumed acts of terror. One aspect that supports the success of the deradicalization program in Indonesia is the communication aspect. The purpose of this study is to elaborate aspects of communication, especially BNPT communication strategies in the deradicalization program. The author uses qualitative research methods in this study. The conclusion of the research shows that BNPT utilizes the communication strategy as one of the successes of the success of the deradicalization program even though the communication strategy used by the BNPT is not written and detailed.Keywords: communication, a former terrorist convict, strategy, deradicalization, terrorism.","PeriodicalId":292170,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Pertahanan & Bela Negara","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126822863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Malacca Strait, as one of the strategic straits in world trade, often face various non-traditional security threats. In accordance with United Nations Convention on the Law of The Sea (UNCLOS), littoral states such as Indonesia, Singapore, and Malaysia are obligated to maintain the security in Malacca Straits, to ensure that world trades and world economic are not disrupted. This study analyzes how the Malacca straits patrol (MSP) framework is formed by littoral states in order to maintain the security stability in Malacca Strait. The authors employ qualitative method through literature study. The obtained data were analyzed using the theory of defense cooperation and concept of defense diplomacy. The results of the study conclude that MSP, which is consisted of the Malacca Straits Sea Patrol (MSSP), "Eyes-in-the-Sky" Combined Maritime Air Patrols (EiS), and the MSP Intelligence Exchange Group (IEG), is classified as a defense diplomacy activity in the form of multilateral contacts between military officials and multilateral military exercises aimed at increasing mutual trust and defense capabilities of each country.Keywords: Malacca Strait, Malacca Straits Patrol Framework, Threat, Defense Cooperation, Defense Diplomacy
{"title":"LITTORAL STATES’ DEFENSE DIPLOMACY IN MALACCA STRAIT THROUGH THE MALACCA STRAIT PATROL FRAMEWORK","authors":"Yuli Ari Sulistyani","doi":"10.33172/JPBH.V9I2.573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33172/JPBH.V9I2.573","url":null,"abstract":"Malacca Strait, as one of the strategic straits in world trade, often face various non-traditional security threats. In accordance with United Nations Convention on the Law of The Sea (UNCLOS), littoral states such as Indonesia, Singapore, and Malaysia are obligated to maintain the security in Malacca Straits, to ensure that world trades and world economic are not disrupted. This study analyzes how the Malacca straits patrol (MSP) framework is formed by littoral states in order to maintain the security stability in Malacca Strait. The authors employ qualitative method through literature study. The obtained data were analyzed using the theory of defense cooperation and concept of defense diplomacy. The results of the study conclude that MSP, which is consisted of the Malacca Straits Sea Patrol (MSSP), \"Eyes-in-the-Sky\" Combined Maritime Air Patrols (EiS), and the MSP Intelligence Exchange Group (IEG), is classified as a defense diplomacy activity in the form of multilateral contacts between military officials and multilateral military exercises aimed at increasing mutual trust and defense capabilities of each country.Keywords: Malacca Strait, Malacca Straits Patrol Framework, Threat, Defense Cooperation, Defense Diplomacy","PeriodicalId":292170,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Pertahanan & Bela Negara","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123780599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Deradicalization programs have been implemented in Indonesia since 2012. This program employs preventive paradigm in implementing the policies it produces. During the seven years of implementation, deradicalization experienced challenges and obstacles. So far, there are many critics addressed to deradicalization program, such as criticism toward the lack of budget, prison facilities, deradicalization materials provided to terror convicts, post-deradicalization follow-up, as well as negative public reception on the idea of ex-terror convicts returning to society. These problems are hampering the effectiveness of deradicalization program. This paper employs theory of deradicalization and theory of effectiveness. It employs qualitative method with deductive and conceptual analysis, and the data is obtained through literature studies. This paper aims to see the effectiveness of deradicalization program carried out by National Agency for Combating Terrorism (BNPT) toward terror convicts in Indonesia.Keywords: Terrorism, Deradicalization, Terror Convicts, Resocialization and Reintegration
{"title":"THE EFFECTIVENESS OF NATIONAL AGENCY FOR COMBATING TERRORISM’S DERADICALIZATION PROGRAM TOWARD TERROR CONVICTS IN INDONESIA","authors":"Jerry Indrawan, M. Aji","doi":"10.33172/JPBH.V9I2.571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33172/JPBH.V9I2.571","url":null,"abstract":"Deradicalization programs have been implemented in Indonesia since 2012. This program employs preventive paradigm in implementing the policies it produces. During the seven years of implementation, deradicalization experienced challenges and obstacles. So far, there are many critics addressed to deradicalization program, such as criticism toward the lack of budget, prison facilities, deradicalization materials provided to terror convicts, post-deradicalization follow-up, as well as negative public reception on the idea of ex-terror convicts returning to society. These problems are hampering the effectiveness of deradicalization program. This paper employs theory of deradicalization and theory of effectiveness. It employs qualitative method with deductive and conceptual analysis, and the data is obtained through literature studies. This paper aims to see the effectiveness of deradicalization program carried out by National Agency for Combating Terrorism (BNPT) toward terror convicts in Indonesia.Keywords: Terrorism, Deradicalization, Terror Convicts, Resocialization and Reintegration","PeriodicalId":292170,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Pertahanan & Bela Negara","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129241219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The community is one of the potential sources for building solidity, strength and defense for the Indonesian people. However, building on the condition of the Indonesian nation's solidity in the midst of current globalization has many challenges. One of them is by trying to condition people who are united in maintaining the solidity of the nation. The research method in this study used literature studies and previous research observation of the author. The result is an analysis of the role of community solidity in managing renewable energy towards energy independence supporting national defense forces, through the implementation of basic energy self-management including: (1) awareness of the importance of citizen solidity in managing renewable energy through solid community participation in a community so as not only normative appeals, but there needs to be clear regulations regarding the active involvement of the community in supporting the 23% renewable energy mix program in 2025; (2) the community becomes the driving force of solidarity in energy management that has succeeded in facilitating other communities in providing energy independently and contributing to the growth of people's economy in supporting national defense.Keywords: Community Solidity, Energy, Self-Management
{"title":"MAINTAINING NATION SOLIDITIES THROUGH RENEWABLE ENERGY MANAGEMENT BASED ON MUTUAL COOPERATION","authors":"K. Khotimah","doi":"10.33172/JPBH.V9I2.572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33172/JPBH.V9I2.572","url":null,"abstract":"The community is one of the potential sources for building solidity, strength and defense for the Indonesian people. However, building on the condition of the Indonesian nation's solidity in the midst of current globalization has many challenges. One of them is by trying to condition people who are united in maintaining the solidity of the nation. The research method in this study used literature studies and previous research observation of the author. The result is an analysis of the role of community solidity in managing renewable energy towards energy independence supporting national defense forces, through the implementation of basic energy self-management including: (1) awareness of the importance of citizen solidity in managing renewable energy through solid community participation in a community so as not only normative appeals, but there needs to be clear regulations regarding the active involvement of the community in supporting the 23% renewable energy mix program in 2025; (2) the community becomes the driving force of solidarity in energy management that has succeeded in facilitating other communities in providing energy independently and contributing to the growth of people's economy in supporting national defense.Keywords: Community Solidity, Energy, Self-Management","PeriodicalId":292170,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Pertahanan & Bela Negara","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131998448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rakhmat Shaleh Siregar, Bambang Wahyudi, H. Simatupang
The current spread of radicalism has attacked all levels of society, especially the younger generation, which if not immediately prevented, will pose a threat for the stability and security in Indonesia, including in Deli Serdang. Kodim 0204/DS is a Teritorial Unit whose one of main duties is to carry out territorial development. Territorial development is carried using Social Communication method, TNI Service and Regional Resistance Development. This study is designed to gain an understanding of the implementation of Social Communication activities in preventing radicalism. This study aims to: first, analyze Social Communication by Kodim 0204/DS in Deli Serdang; second, analyze the implementation of social communication by Kodim 0204/DS in preventing radicalism in Deli Serdang. This study employs qualitative methods. The data were obtained through observation, interviews, documentation and triangulation. Data analysis techniques were mostly performed in conjunction with the data collection during field visit. Research sites is in Deli Serdang. This study finds that: 1) Social Communication can theoretically be implemented according to existing territorial development program even though its implementation is not optimal and needs to be improved on aspects that support communication processes, i.e. sources, messages, media, recipients, influences, feedback and environment; 2) The implementation of Social Communication is supported by means, ways and ends, namely to prevent radicalism in Deli Serdang. Social Communication by Kodim 0204/DS in preventing radicalism can be implemented but needs to be improved. This study recommends the optimization of elements that support communication process.Keywords: Implementation, social communication, prevention, radicalism
目前激进主义的蔓延袭击了社会各阶层，特别是年轻一代，如果不立即加以制止，将对印度尼西亚，包括德里塞尔当的稳定和安全构成威胁。Kodim 0204/DS是一个领土单位，其主要职责之一是进行领土发展。利用社会传播法、TNI服务和区域抵抗发展进行地域开发。本研究旨在了解社会沟通活动在预防激进主义中的实施情况。本研究旨在:首先，分析Kodim 0204/DS在Deli Serdang的《Social Communication》;其次，分析Kodim 0204/DS在Deli Serdang预防激进主义中的社会传播实施情况。本研究采用定性方法。数据是通过观察、访谈、文献和三角测量获得的。数据分析技术主要是在实地访问期间与数据收集一起进行的。研究地点在Deli Serdang。本研究发现:1)社会传播在理论上是可以按照现有的地域发展规划实施的，但其实施并不理想，在支持传播过程的来源、信息、媒介、接受者、影响、反馈和环境等方面还有待改进;2) Social Communication的实施有手段、方式和目的支持，即防止Deli Serdang的激进主义。Social Communication by Kodim 0204/DS在防止激进主义方面可以实施，但需要改进。本研究建议对支持沟通过程的要素进行优化。关键词:实施，社会传播，预防，激进主义
{"title":"THE IMPLEMENTATION OF KODIM 0204/DS SOCIAL COMMUNICATION IN PREVENTING RADICALISM IN DELI SERDANG","authors":"Rakhmat Shaleh Siregar, Bambang Wahyudi, H. Simatupang","doi":"10.33172/JPBH.V9I2.575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33172/JPBH.V9I2.575","url":null,"abstract":"The current spread of radicalism has attacked all levels of society, especially the younger generation, which if not immediately prevented, will pose a threat for the stability and security in Indonesia, including in Deli Serdang. Kodim 0204/DS is a Teritorial Unit whose one of main duties is to carry out territorial development. Territorial development is carried using Social Communication method, TNI Service and Regional Resistance Development. This study is designed to gain an understanding of the implementation of Social Communication activities in preventing radicalism. This study aims to: first, analyze Social Communication by Kodim 0204/DS in Deli Serdang; second, analyze the implementation of social communication by Kodim 0204/DS in preventing radicalism in Deli Serdang. This study employs qualitative methods. The data were obtained through observation, interviews, documentation and triangulation. Data analysis techniques were mostly performed in conjunction with the data collection during field visit. Research sites is in Deli Serdang. This study finds that: 1) Social Communication can theoretically be implemented according to existing territorial development program even though its implementation is not optimal and needs to be improved on aspects that support communication processes, i.e. sources, messages, media, recipients, influences, feedback and environment; 2) The implementation of Social Communication is supported by means, ways and ends, namely to prevent radicalism in Deli Serdang. Social Communication by Kodim 0204/DS in preventing radicalism can be implemented but needs to be improved. This study recommends the optimization of elements that support communication process.Keywords: Implementation, social communication, prevention, radicalism","PeriodicalId":292170,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Pertahanan & Bela Negara","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121395918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brunei Darussalam is a country rich of natural resources, especially oil and natural gas. The country's income source is highly dependent on oil and gas sector. The fall of world oil price had an impact on Brunei Darussalam’s economy and the government decided to cut off 25% of its defense budget in 2015. However, in 2018, Brunei Darussalam's defense budget reached B$ 492,754,700, a 12.9% increase from the previous year's budget. This research focuses on Brunei Darussalam’s oil and natural gas sectors which have an impact on its defense budget. The amount of a country's defense budget will affect its defense power, including its defense diplomacy activities. This study employs the concept of defense diplomacy. This study finds that there are several key results areas in the defense of Brunei Darussalam government, such as territorial integrity, support toward "whole-of-nation" approach, effective defence diplomacy, military involvement in international missions, high standard of human resource capacity, as well as respected and credible image of the defense organisation.Keywords: Brunei Darussalam, defense diplomacy, natural resources
{"title":"NATURAL RESOURCES CONTRIBUTION IN DEFENSE DIPLOMACY: A CASE STUDY OF BRUNEI DARUSSALAM","authors":"Marina Ika Sari","doi":"10.33172/JPBH.V9I2.574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33172/JPBH.V9I2.574","url":null,"abstract":"Brunei Darussalam is a country rich of natural resources, especially oil and natural gas. The country's income source is highly dependent on oil and gas sector. The fall of world oil price had an impact on Brunei Darussalam’s economy and the government decided to cut off 25% of its defense budget in 2015. However, in 2018, Brunei Darussalam's defense budget reached B$ 492,754,700, a 12.9% increase from the previous year's budget. This research focuses on Brunei Darussalam’s oil and natural gas sectors which have an impact on its defense budget. The amount of a country's defense budget will affect its defense power, including its defense diplomacy activities. This study employs the concept of defense diplomacy. This study finds that there are several key results areas in the defense of Brunei Darussalam government, such as territorial integrity, support toward \"whole-of-nation\" approach, effective defence diplomacy, military involvement in international missions, high standard of human resource capacity, as well as respected and credible image of the defense organisation.Keywords: Brunei Darussalam, defense diplomacy, natural resources","PeriodicalId":292170,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Pertahanan & Bela Negara","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123593993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Besi merupakan bahan dasar yang banyak dipergunakan sebagai bahan logam di dunia yang mencakup hampir sebagian besar peruntukannya adalah memenuhi kebutuhan umat manusia. Hal ini bisa terlihat antara lain dapat digunakan untuk pembuatan mobil, kapal, mesin, serta komponen struktur bangunan dan lain-lainnya, akan tetapi apabila dilihat dari segi pembiayaan untuk pembuatannya tersebut sangatlah murah namun mempunyai kekuatan yang sangat kuat. Tapi besi jenis ini masih dianggap sangat lemah serta lunak apabila dipakai sebagai bahan dasar pembuatan baja, sehingga perlu adanya proses pencampuran dengan bahan-bahan unsur paduan yang ada yang akan mengubah semuanya, dari awalnya sebuah besi murni yang bersifat lunak maka akan menjadikanya semakin lebih kuat. Alloy atau panca logam ini merupakan unsur yang tergabung dalam bentuk senyawa cair atau pejal yang sama serta berasal dari dua atau lebih unsur, yang mana salah satu dari unsur tersebut merupakan bahan dasar yang berasal dari logam, dan alloy atau panca logam ini memiliki sifat julat lebur yang merupakan bahan campuran dari pepejal serta cair. Untuk membuat alloy biasanya dibuat berdasarkan fungsi dan kegunaannya yang disesuaikan dengan pemakaiannya alloy itu dibuat. Dalam penelitian ini tujuan alloy dibuat yaitu untuk digunakan untuk lapisan sistem kekerasan perlindungan kendaraan lapis baja. Material untuk alloy yang digunakan sebagai sistem perlindungan kendaraan lapis baja yaitu untuk kekerasan bisa menambahkan unsur karbon, yang terdapat dari batubara, dan boron akan meningkatkan nilai konduktivitas untuk meredam energi apabila terjadi bentuaran pada plat baja kendara lapis baja. Selain pencampuran unsur boron Besi baja paduan merupakan baja yang banyak mengandung unsur-unsur yang ada selain Besi (Fe) dan Carbon (C), campuran besi ini biasanya mengandung unsur-unsur yang lain seperti Nikel (Ni), Chrom (Cr), Mohliben (Mo), Titanium (Ti), Mangan (Mn) dan lain sebagainya. Sedangkan tujuan adanya penambahan pada unsur-unsur tersebut adalah untuk dapat meningkatkan kekauatan dan mengubah sifat dengan tujuan dapat menambah kekuatan pada kendaraan lapis baja.Kata Kunci : baja alloy, kendaraan lapis baja
{"title":"CAMPURAN UNSUR ADHETIVE PADA BAJA ALLOY SEBAGAI BAHAN DASAR SISTEM KEKERASAN PELINDUNG KENDARAAN LAPIS BAJA","authors":"Sovian Aritonang, Andjar Hari Bowo, Riyadi Juhana","doi":"10.33172/JPBH.V9I2.566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33172/JPBH.V9I2.566","url":null,"abstract":"Besi merupakan bahan dasar yang banyak dipergunakan sebagai bahan logam di dunia yang mencakup hampir sebagian besar peruntukannya adalah memenuhi kebutuhan umat manusia. Hal ini bisa terlihat antara lain dapat digunakan untuk pembuatan mobil, kapal, mesin, serta komponen struktur bangunan dan lain-lainnya, akan tetapi apabila dilihat dari segi pembiayaan untuk pembuatannya tersebut sangatlah murah namun mempunyai kekuatan yang sangat kuat. Tapi besi jenis ini masih dianggap sangat lemah serta lunak apabila dipakai sebagai bahan dasar pembuatan baja, sehingga perlu adanya proses pencampuran dengan bahan-bahan unsur paduan yang ada yang akan mengubah semuanya, dari awalnya sebuah besi murni yang bersifat lunak maka akan menjadikanya semakin lebih kuat. Alloy atau panca logam ini merupakan unsur yang tergabung dalam bentuk senyawa cair atau pejal yang sama serta berasal dari dua atau lebih unsur, yang mana salah satu dari unsur tersebut merupakan bahan dasar yang berasal dari logam, dan alloy atau panca logam ini memiliki sifat julat lebur yang merupakan bahan campuran dari pepejal serta cair. Untuk membuat alloy biasanya dibuat berdasarkan fungsi dan kegunaannya yang disesuaikan dengan pemakaiannya alloy itu dibuat. Dalam penelitian ini tujuan alloy dibuat yaitu untuk digunakan untuk lapisan sistem kekerasan perlindungan kendaraan lapis baja. Material untuk alloy yang digunakan sebagai sistem perlindungan kendaraan lapis baja yaitu untuk kekerasan bisa menambahkan unsur karbon, yang terdapat dari batubara, dan boron akan meningkatkan nilai konduktivitas untuk meredam energi apabila terjadi bentuaran pada plat baja kendara lapis baja. Selain pencampuran unsur boron Besi baja paduan merupakan baja yang banyak mengandung unsur-unsur yang ada selain Besi (Fe) dan Carbon (C), campuran besi ini biasanya mengandung unsur-unsur yang lain seperti Nikel (Ni), Chrom (Cr), Mohliben (Mo), Titanium (Ti), Mangan (Mn) dan lain sebagainya. Sedangkan tujuan adanya penambahan pada unsur-unsur tersebut adalah untuk dapat meningkatkan kekauatan dan mengubah sifat dengan tujuan dapat menambah kekuatan pada kendaraan lapis baja.Kata Kunci : baja alloy, kendaraan lapis baja","PeriodicalId":292170,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Pertahanan & Bela Negara","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115092461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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