Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8506891
M. A. Tapia, W. Jara, R. Wallace, J. Tapia
In this paper, an axial flux induction motor (AFIM) prototype with anisotropic rotor is presented and studied using analytical expressions in order to obtain steady state performance characteristics. The axial topology allows to develop high torque in low speed operation without the need of a gearbox, increasing the efficiency of the drive. This could represent a maj or advantage for the industry, in terms of the costs associated with its operation and reliability. The AFIM is analyzed by means of a multilayer model in Cartesian coordinates, where each layer represent a different region of the magnetic circuit. Poisson's and Laplace's equations are derived from Maxwell's equations and used to determine the induced currents of rotor, torque and efficiency. The proposed model considerer a power supply with voltage sources and the stator currents are calculated by means of the equivalent circuit which is previously determined by means of the multilayer model.
{"title":"Parameters Identification of an Axial Flux Induction Machine Using Field Equations","authors":"M. A. Tapia, W. Jara, R. Wallace, J. Tapia","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8506891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8506891","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, an axial flux induction motor (AFIM) prototype with anisotropic rotor is presented and studied using analytical expressions in order to obtain steady state performance characteristics. The axial topology allows to develop high torque in low speed operation without the need of a gearbox, increasing the efficiency of the drive. This could represent a maj or advantage for the industry, in terms of the costs associated with its operation and reliability. The AFIM is analyzed by means of a multilayer model in Cartesian coordinates, where each layer represent a different region of the magnetic circuit. Poisson's and Laplace's equations are derived from Maxwell's equations and used to determine the induced currents of rotor, torque and efficiency. The proposed model considerer a power supply with voltage sources and the stator currents are calculated by means of the equivalent circuit which is previously determined by means of the multilayer model.","PeriodicalId":292261,"journal":{"name":"2018 XIII International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114967381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8506807
P. Lindh, I. Petrov, J. Pyrhonen, M. Niemela, P. Immonen, E. Scherman
Direct liquid cooling of electrical machines is inherently the most efficient way of machine cooling in cases where the stator Joule losses are dominating. Removing the heat directly from where it is generated offers the most straightforward way for cooling in applications where the motors operate at elevated tangential stress during certain periods. This paper studies the feasibility of the direct liquid cooling using a radial flux permanent magnet motor as an example. The easiest way to provide experimental data was to install a directly liquid cooled motor is a test bus with which typical bus load cycles were tested.
{"title":"Direct Liquid Cooling Method Verified with a Permanent-Magnet Traction Motor in a Bus","authors":"P. Lindh, I. Petrov, J. Pyrhonen, M. Niemela, P. Immonen, E. Scherman","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8506807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8506807","url":null,"abstract":"Direct liquid cooling of electrical machines is inherently the most efficient way of machine cooling in cases where the stator Joule losses are dominating. Removing the heat directly from where it is generated offers the most straightforward way for cooling in applications where the motors operate at elevated tangential stress during certain periods. This paper studies the feasibility of the direct liquid cooling using a radial flux permanent magnet motor as an example. The easiest way to provide experimental data was to install a directly liquid cooled motor is a test bus with which typical bus load cycles were tested.","PeriodicalId":292261,"journal":{"name":"2018 XIII International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115324287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8507023
M. Iacchetti, Min Zhang, R. Shuttleworth
Reciprocating Linear Alternators (LAs) are used in many energy harvesting technologies working with pressure waves, such as sea wave energy convertors, Stirling and Thermoacoustic engines. LAs usually incorporate mechanical springs realizing a resonant system which handles the alternating kinetic energy flow stored in the moving mass. In practice, however, parameter inaccuracies and drifts in the operating frequency result in off-resonance operation causing stroke and power drops. This paper presents an adaptive tuning strategy for the electronic stiffness in order to restore resonance and maximum power flow. The algorithm is based on a low-frequency amplitude perturbation of the current component in phase with the stroke. The response of the LA to this low-frequency parametric excitation allows the detection of out-of-resonance conditions and the correction of the current amplitude in phase with stroke in order to restore resonance. The paper discusses an approximated mathematical analysis of the control algorithm and presents validation via simulations.
{"title":"Resonance Tuning in Linear Alternator Drives via Direct-Current Amplitude Modulation","authors":"M. Iacchetti, Min Zhang, R. Shuttleworth","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8507023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8507023","url":null,"abstract":"Reciprocating Linear Alternators (LAs) are used in many energy harvesting technologies working with pressure waves, such as sea wave energy convertors, Stirling and Thermoacoustic engines. LAs usually incorporate mechanical springs realizing a resonant system which handles the alternating kinetic energy flow stored in the moving mass. In practice, however, parameter inaccuracies and drifts in the operating frequency result in off-resonance operation causing stroke and power drops. This paper presents an adaptive tuning strategy for the electronic stiffness in order to restore resonance and maximum power flow. The algorithm is based on a low-frequency amplitude perturbation of the current component in phase with the stroke. The response of the LA to this low-frequency parametric excitation allows the detection of out-of-resonance conditions and the correction of the current amplitude in phase with stroke in order to restore resonance. The paper discusses an approximated mathematical analysis of the control algorithm and presents validation via simulations.","PeriodicalId":292261,"journal":{"name":"2018 XIII International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115746925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8506700
D. Nguyen, I. Bahri, G. Krebs, C. Marchand
The INtermittent Control (INC) aims to increase the global efficiency of the Switched Reluctance Machine (SRM) and its power converter in an electric vehicle. The applicable zone of the INC covers the medium-low torque zone of the torque-speed plane. In this zone, the INC can increase the global efficiency up to 22% which corresponds to a loss reduction. However, the SRM in the electric vehicle operates only in certain torque-speed zones which correspond to various driving scenarios. For this reason, the INC is validated with a particular electric vehicle motorized by a traction scaled SRM on the Worldwide harmonized Light vehicles Test Cycle (WLTC). The simulation results show that the INC reduces the consumed energy up to 4.6% on the WTLC.
{"title":"Performance of the Intermittent Control for Switched Reluctance Machine on Driving Cycle","authors":"D. Nguyen, I. Bahri, G. Krebs, C. Marchand","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8506700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8506700","url":null,"abstract":"The INtermittent Control (INC) aims to increase the global efficiency of the Switched Reluctance Machine (SRM) and its power converter in an electric vehicle. The applicable zone of the INC covers the medium-low torque zone of the torque-speed plane. In this zone, the INC can increase the global efficiency up to 22% which corresponds to a loss reduction. However, the SRM in the electric vehicle operates only in certain torque-speed zones which correspond to various driving scenarios. For this reason, the INC is validated with a particular electric vehicle motorized by a traction scaled SRM on the Worldwide harmonized Light vehicles Test Cycle (WLTC). The simulation results show that the INC reduces the consumed energy up to 4.6% on the WTLC.","PeriodicalId":292261,"journal":{"name":"2018 XIII International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121111492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8507235
A. Lehikoinen, T. Davidsson, A. Arkkio, A. Belahcen
Two-dimensional finite element analysis is a widely used tool in the design, analysis, and optimization of electrical machines and magnetic components. Although the core components of the method are relatively mature, numerous special applications are still being developed. This paper introduces an open-source library for finite element analysis in Matlab, tailored especially for electrical machines. The library is highly portable, and has a good performance. Furthermore, it provides all the basic functionality typically needed for magnetic analysis. As such, it can be used as a starting point for more advanced work.
{"title":"A High-Performance Open-Source Finite Element Analysis Library for Magnetics in MATLAB","authors":"A. Lehikoinen, T. Davidsson, A. Arkkio, A. Belahcen","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8507235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8507235","url":null,"abstract":"Two-dimensional finite element analysis is a widely used tool in the design, analysis, and optimization of electrical machines and magnetic components. Although the core components of the method are relatively mature, numerous special applications are still being developed. This paper introduces an open-source library for finite element analysis in Matlab, tailored especially for electrical machines. The library is highly portable, and has a good performance. Furthermore, it provides all the basic functionality typically needed for magnetic analysis. As such, it can be used as a starting point for more advanced work.","PeriodicalId":292261,"journal":{"name":"2018 XIII International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127261752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8506782
V. Mateev, M. Todorova, I. Marinova
Reduction of eddy current losses is essential for magnetic gears efficiency enhancement. These losses are resulting in output torque reduction, especially in high rotational speeds and high gear ratios. In this paper, we developed an approach for determination of the eddy current losses of a coaxial magnetic gear. A time dependent two dimensional finite element model has been utilized. Permanent magnets such as NdFeB, SmCo, Alnico and ferrite are used in order to evaluate the eddy currents and the torque transmission losses for a magnetic gear performance.
{"title":"Eddy Current Losses of Coaxial Magnetic Gears","authors":"V. Mateev, M. Todorova, I. Marinova","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8506782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8506782","url":null,"abstract":"Reduction of eddy current losses is essential for magnetic gears efficiency enhancement. These losses are resulting in output torque reduction, especially in high rotational speeds and high gear ratios. In this paper, we developed an approach for determination of the eddy current losses of a coaxial magnetic gear. A time dependent two dimensional finite element model has been utilized. Permanent magnets such as NdFeB, SmCo, Alnico and ferrite are used in order to evaluate the eddy currents and the torque transmission losses for a magnetic gear performance.","PeriodicalId":292261,"journal":{"name":"2018 XIII International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124810389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8506821
C. Labuschagne, M. Kamper
In this paper a comparative study of a small-scale turbine-specific designed non-overlap winding permanent magnet (PM) synchronous wind generator for passive- and active battery charging system is done. The comparative study is based on the optimum designs of the generators with the same power and efficiency performance. Both wind generator systems are described and the methods used in the design optimisation process to generate sufficient performance are discussed. The main comparisons between the generators are the active mass and PM mass. It is shown amongst others that the generator for the widely-industry-used passive system uses more than three times the amount of magnet material than the generator for the active system.
{"title":"Design Optimisation and Comparison of Non-overlap Winding PM Wind Generators for Active and Passive Battery Charging Systems","authors":"C. Labuschagne, M. Kamper","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8506821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8506821","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper a comparative study of a small-scale turbine-specific designed non-overlap winding permanent magnet (PM) synchronous wind generator for passive- and active battery charging system is done. The comparative study is based on the optimum designs of the generators with the same power and efficiency performance. Both wind generator systems are described and the methods used in the design optimisation process to generate sufficient performance are discussed. The main comparisons between the generators are the active mass and PM mass. It is shown amongst others that the generator for the widely-industry-used passive system uses more than three times the amount of magnet material than the generator for the active system.","PeriodicalId":292261,"journal":{"name":"2018 XIII International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126062110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8507176
Min Zhu, Wensong Hu, G. Feng, N. Kar
Monitoring permanent magnet (PM) flux linkage is important to maintain a stable permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) operation. In this paper, V old-Kalman filtering order tracking (VKF-OT) and dynamic Bayesian network (DBN) are used to investigate the application of torque ripple in real-time PM flux monitoring. Firstly, a torque ripple model of PMSM considering electromagnetic noise is proposed, and the torque variation is studied. In this model, the torque is analyzed and processed by wavelet transform to eliminate the effects of the electromagnetic disturbances. Secondly, VKF-OT is introduced to track the order of torque ripple of PMSM running in unsteady state. Therefore, torque ripple characteristics can be used as a feature to reflect changes in PM flux linkage. Thirdly, this method is feasible for PMSM by applying DBN to the training data to estimate the flux linkage during motor operation. The proposed flux monitoring method is validated on a laboratory PMSM. The results demonstrate that this method can monitor the flux variation over a wide speed range at different load levels.
{"title":"Vold-Kalman Filtering Order Tracking Based Rotor Flux Linkage Monitoring in PMSM","authors":"Min Zhu, Wensong Hu, G. Feng, N. Kar","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8507176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8507176","url":null,"abstract":"Monitoring permanent magnet (PM) flux linkage is important to maintain a stable permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) operation. In this paper, V old-Kalman filtering order tracking (VKF-OT) and dynamic Bayesian network (DBN) are used to investigate the application of torque ripple in real-time PM flux monitoring. Firstly, a torque ripple model of PMSM considering electromagnetic noise is proposed, and the torque variation is studied. In this model, the torque is analyzed and processed by wavelet transform to eliminate the effects of the electromagnetic disturbances. Secondly, VKF-OT is introduced to track the order of torque ripple of PMSM running in unsteady state. Therefore, torque ripple characteristics can be used as a feature to reflect changes in PM flux linkage. Thirdly, this method is feasible for PMSM by applying DBN to the training data to estimate the flux linkage during motor operation. The proposed flux monitoring method is validated on a laboratory PMSM. The results demonstrate that this method can monitor the flux variation over a wide speed range at different load levels.","PeriodicalId":292261,"journal":{"name":"2018 XIII International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125335323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8507077
G. Rizzoli, M. Mengoni, A. Tani, G. Serra, L. Zarri, D. Casadei
The use of rotary assembly platforms, such as the automated box-fill system rotary table, is widespread in automation applications. One of the problems that the designers have to face is how to transfer the power to the auxiliary actuators mounted on the rotating platform. In this paper, this problem is solved by adopting a direct drive wound-rotor five-phase machine that can independently control the rotor torque and the power flow delivered to the rotor loads. Some simulation results are shown to confirm the effectiveness of this multiphase electric drive.
{"title":"Control of a Direct Drive Five-Phase Wound-Rotor Induction Machine for Rotary Platforms in Automation Applications","authors":"G. Rizzoli, M. Mengoni, A. Tani, G. Serra, L. Zarri, D. Casadei","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8507077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8507077","url":null,"abstract":"The use of rotary assembly platforms, such as the automated box-fill system rotary table, is widespread in automation applications. One of the problems that the designers have to face is how to transfer the power to the auxiliary actuators mounted on the rotating platform. In this paper, this problem is solved by adopting a direct drive wound-rotor five-phase machine that can independently control the rotor torque and the power flow delivered to the rotor loads. Some simulation results are shown to confirm the effectiveness of this multiphase electric drive.","PeriodicalId":292261,"journal":{"name":"2018 XIII International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125583489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8506829
L. Ferraris, F. Franchini, E. Pošković
The paper presents an innovative methodology to detect the cogging and hysteresis torque in radial flux machines. The study moves from the traditional way adopted to measure them, that is by conventional no load tests; the experimental procedure here proposed is described in details, highlighting the advantages with respect to the previous method. A cheaper test bench is needed, as the gearbox is avoided, and a stepper motor in place of a DC motor is adopted to move the system. The procedure has been tested on two identical machine structures, but with different stator materials (traditional laminated steel and Soft Magnetic Composite material); a comparison with the results obtained with traditional no load tests has been performed to validate the proposed procedure. The novel method is more accurate in the detection of the cogging torque, even if requires a measurement time slightly longer (about 30 minutes of duration).
{"title":"Improvements in the Hysteresis and Cogging Evaluation with an Innovative Methodology","authors":"L. Ferraris, F. Franchini, E. Pošković","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8506829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8506829","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents an innovative methodology to detect the cogging and hysteresis torque in radial flux machines. The study moves from the traditional way adopted to measure them, that is by conventional no load tests; the experimental procedure here proposed is described in details, highlighting the advantages with respect to the previous method. A cheaper test bench is needed, as the gearbox is avoided, and a stepper motor in place of a DC motor is adopted to move the system. The procedure has been tested on two identical machine structures, but with different stator materials (traditional laminated steel and Soft Magnetic Composite material); a comparison with the results obtained with traditional no load tests has been performed to validate the proposed procedure. The novel method is more accurate in the detection of the cogging torque, even if requires a measurement time slightly longer (about 30 minutes of duration).","PeriodicalId":292261,"journal":{"name":"2018 XIII International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115068867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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