Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8507245
P. Akiki, M. Hage-Hassan, Mohamed Bensetti, J. Vannier, D. Prieto, M. Mcclelland
This paper presents a noval 18 poles /16 slots Axial Flux Permanent Magnet-Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Motor (AF-PMASynRM) with non-overlapping concentrated winding. At first, the torque ripple and iron losses are analyzed using 3D Finite Element Analysis (3D-FEA). Then, a comparison between 3D-FEA and 2D-FEA based on flux and iron losses is established. In this paper, we propose to design the motor for high torque low speed application using a multiobjective optimization. In this kind of iterative procedure, the use of Finite Element is generally time consuming. Thus, we propose a 2D analytical saturated model that considers the local saturation near the iron bridges and the slot tangential leakage flux. The magnetic model is coupled with an electrical model that computes the power factor and the voltage at the motor terminals. A loss model is also developed to calculate the copper and the iron losses. The proposed analytical model is 5 times faster than the 2D- FEA. The optimal axial structure is compared to a previously optimized radial motor in order to evaluate the design benefits of axial flux machines.
{"title":"Axial Ferrite-Magnet-Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Motor","authors":"P. Akiki, M. Hage-Hassan, Mohamed Bensetti, J. Vannier, D. Prieto, M. Mcclelland","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8507245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8507245","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a noval 18 poles /16 slots Axial Flux Permanent Magnet-Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Motor (AF-PMASynRM) with non-overlapping concentrated winding. At first, the torque ripple and iron losses are analyzed using 3D Finite Element Analysis (3D-FEA). Then, a comparison between 3D-FEA and 2D-FEA based on flux and iron losses is established. In this paper, we propose to design the motor for high torque low speed application using a multiobjective optimization. In this kind of iterative procedure, the use of Finite Element is generally time consuming. Thus, we propose a 2D analytical saturated model that considers the local saturation near the iron bridges and the slot tangential leakage flux. The magnetic model is coupled with an electrical model that computes the power factor and the voltage at the motor terminals. A loss model is also developed to calculate the copper and the iron losses. The proposed analytical model is 5 times faster than the 2D- FEA. The optimal axial structure is compared to a previously optimized radial motor in order to evaluate the design benefits of axial flux machines.","PeriodicalId":292261,"journal":{"name":"2018 XIII International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"646 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116090929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8507261
B. Berweiler, P. Frey, B. Ponick
In this paper, a thermal model for the rotor of a salient pole synchronous machine is developed. Due to air flow through the active part of the electrical machine, a direct cooling of the field winding is achieved. The calculation of the thermal resistance between coil sides and cooling fluid is presented as well as a homogenization approach for simplifying the actual distribution of conductors and insulation material. The presented lumped parameter model is used to calculate the continuous power characteristics of an example machine.
{"title":"Calculation of Continuous Power Curves for Electrically Excited Synchronous Machines with Air Cooling","authors":"B. Berweiler, P. Frey, B. Ponick","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8507261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8507261","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a thermal model for the rotor of a salient pole synchronous machine is developed. Due to air flow through the active part of the electrical machine, a direct cooling of the field winding is achieved. The calculation of the thermal resistance between coil sides and cooling fluid is presented as well as a homogenization approach for simplifying the actual distribution of conductors and insulation material. The presented lumped parameter model is used to calculate the continuous power characteristics of an example machine.","PeriodicalId":292261,"journal":{"name":"2018 XIII International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116102750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8506790
H. Schroeder, B. Ponick
This paper is about an innovative multiphase generator concept without a winding overhang. It gives an overview of the system and specifies the characteristics of the concept. Suggestions for the design of the short-circuit ring are included as well as feasible variants of a multiphase transformer to connect the multiphase generator to the grid. Additionally, the behaviour of the system at rated operation is presented.
{"title":"Turbo Generator Concept Without Winding Overhang Using a Multiphase Transformer","authors":"H. Schroeder, B. Ponick","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8506790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8506790","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is about an innovative multiphase generator concept without a winding overhang. It gives an overview of the system and specifies the characteristics of the concept. Suggestions for the design of the short-circuit ring are included as well as feasible variants of a multiphase transformer to connect the multiphase generator to the grid. Additionally, the behaviour of the system at rated operation is presented.","PeriodicalId":292261,"journal":{"name":"2018 XIII International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"683 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116110009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.1109/icelmach.2018.8506942
{"title":"Non-conventional synchronous machines","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/icelmach.2018.8506942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icelmach.2018.8506942","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":292261,"journal":{"name":"2018 XIII International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122763930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8506999
Florian Bimkammmer, J. Mayer, D. Gerling
The strive for higher power densities in electrical machines due to spatial and weight specifications implicates the need of enhanced cooling methods to dissipate the loss related heat. An effective approach to meet these demands is cooling the stator winding directly, i.e. the coils are in direct contact with the cooling fluid. In addition, a non-conductive tube installed in the airgap keeps the rotor dry and thus prevents additional churning or eddy current losses. This paper focuses on thermal aspects of such a directly cooled permanent magnet synchronous machine. Therefore, a lumped parameter thermal network in state space representation is derived, offering a real-time capable solution to compute the temperature in the respective machine components. Furthermore, a new methodology for parameter identification is proposed, which exploits the final value theorem for state-space systems to extract the heat transfer coefficients from thermal machine measurements. Both thermal modeling and parameter identification are finally validated by experiment.
{"title":"Calibration of the State Space Thermal Model of a Directly Cooled Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine","authors":"Florian Bimkammmer, J. Mayer, D. Gerling","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8506999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8506999","url":null,"abstract":"The strive for higher power densities in electrical machines due to spatial and weight specifications implicates the need of enhanced cooling methods to dissipate the loss related heat. An effective approach to meet these demands is cooling the stator winding directly, i.e. the coils are in direct contact with the cooling fluid. In addition, a non-conductive tube installed in the airgap keeps the rotor dry and thus prevents additional churning or eddy current losses. This paper focuses on thermal aspects of such a directly cooled permanent magnet synchronous machine. Therefore, a lumped parameter thermal network in state space representation is derived, offering a real-time capable solution to compute the temperature in the respective machine components. Furthermore, a new methodology for parameter identification is proposed, which exploits the final value theorem for state-space systems to extract the heat transfer coefficients from thermal machine measurements. Both thermal modeling and parameter identification are finally validated by experiment.","PeriodicalId":292261,"journal":{"name":"2018 XIII International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114403976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8506956
T. Akinaga, T. Staudt, W. Hoffmann, C. Soares, A. A. de Espíndola, J. Bastos
This paper proposes a contribution by presenting a comprehensive comparison of different iron loss models currently applied on electrical machine design process. Three core loss methods have been selected following premises of relatively easy implementation and coefficients obtained from standardized tests. A Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is used for accurate estimation of the electromagnetic fields in a motor case study. The results are post-processed with approaches at frequency and time domains by the referred iron loss models and confronted with measurements in a low power Brushless DC (BLDC) motor prototype, inverter-driven, whose output uses pulsewidth-modulation (PWM) voltage waveform. The results show that, for an accurate prediction of motor efficiency, variable iron losses coefficients and PWM corrections must be applied.
{"title":"A Comparative Investigation of Iron Loss Models for Electrical Machine Design Using FEA and Experimental Validation","authors":"T. Akinaga, T. Staudt, W. Hoffmann, C. Soares, A. A. de Espíndola, J. Bastos","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8506956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8506956","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a contribution by presenting a comprehensive comparison of different iron loss models currently applied on electrical machine design process. Three core loss methods have been selected following premises of relatively easy implementation and coefficients obtained from standardized tests. A Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is used for accurate estimation of the electromagnetic fields in a motor case study. The results are post-processed with approaches at frequency and time domains by the referred iron loss models and confronted with measurements in a low power Brushless DC (BLDC) motor prototype, inverter-driven, whose output uses pulsewidth-modulation (PWM) voltage waveform. The results show that, for an accurate prediction of motor efficiency, variable iron losses coefficients and PWM corrections must be applied.","PeriodicalId":292261,"journal":{"name":"2018 XIII International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114468372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8507164
Jun-Woo Chin, Sung-Woo Hwang, Hyeon-Jin Park, Jung-Pyo Hong
In order to estimate the thermal characteristics of electric machines, the research on the lumped parameter thermal network (LPTN) has been carried out in this paper. Specifically, to improve the accuracy of the thermal analysis of the LPTN, the effect of the cooling fins on the frame, thermal modeling of bearing and the mechanical losses which can be divided into windage loss and bearing loss have been investigated. To reflect in the LPTN, the mathematical equation which describes the heat transfer through the cooling fin is derived and verified by the experiment. Moreover, the mechanical losses were obtained through experiment and divided into windage loss and bearing loss as a function of the rotational speed. Finally, the thermal analysis results ascertained through the LPTN are verified by comparing the temperature saturation test at no-load conditions. To verify the thermal analysis results, the 6-pole/9-slot interior permanent magnet synchronous machine is proposed.
{"title":"Thermal Analysis and Verification of PMSM Using LPTN Considering Mechanical Components and Losses","authors":"Jun-Woo Chin, Sung-Woo Hwang, Hyeon-Jin Park, Jung-Pyo Hong","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8507164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8507164","url":null,"abstract":"In order to estimate the thermal characteristics of electric machines, the research on the lumped parameter thermal network (LPTN) has been carried out in this paper. Specifically, to improve the accuracy of the thermal analysis of the LPTN, the effect of the cooling fins on the frame, thermal modeling of bearing and the mechanical losses which can be divided into windage loss and bearing loss have been investigated. To reflect in the LPTN, the mathematical equation which describes the heat transfer through the cooling fin is derived and verified by the experiment. Moreover, the mechanical losses were obtained through experiment and divided into windage loss and bearing loss as a function of the rotational speed. Finally, the thermal analysis results ascertained through the LPTN are verified by comparing the temperature saturation test at no-load conditions. To verify the thermal analysis results, the 6-pole/9-slot interior permanent magnet synchronous machine is proposed.","PeriodicalId":292261,"journal":{"name":"2018 XIII International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116826318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8506773
A. Kohara, K. Hirata, N. Niguchi
A current superimposition variable flux reluctance machine has been proposed. This machine requires only a single set of coils that can perform both armature and field coil functions simultaneously. The structure of the current superimposition variable flux machine is similar to a switched reluctance machine. However, the current is feedbacked, and an alternating current is used to rotate. Therefore, there is a possibility that the vibration of the current superimposition variable flux machine is smaller than that of the switched reluctance machine. In this paper, we compare the vibration of the current superimposition variable flux machine and switched reluctance machine.
{"title":"Vibration Comparison of Current Superimposition Variable Flux Machine and Switched Reluctance Machine","authors":"A. Kohara, K. Hirata, N. Niguchi","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8506773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8506773","url":null,"abstract":"A current superimposition variable flux reluctance machine has been proposed. This machine requires only a single set of coils that can perform both armature and field coil functions simultaneously. The structure of the current superimposition variable flux machine is similar to a switched reluctance machine. However, the current is feedbacked, and an alternating current is used to rotate. Therefore, there is a possibility that the vibration of the current superimposition variable flux machine is smaller than that of the switched reluctance machine. In this paper, we compare the vibration of the current superimposition variable flux machine and switched reluctance machine.","PeriodicalId":292261,"journal":{"name":"2018 XIII International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129947734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8506764
W. Xu, Kailiang Yu, Yi Liu, Jianping Gao, W. Hua
This paper proposes an improved harmonics elimination method for standalone brushless doubly-fed induction generator (BDFIG) feeding nonlinear loads. To avoid degrading the performance of power generation systems, the caused 5th and 7th voltage harmonics must be eliminated. Meanwhile, a proportional-integral plus resonator in the positive fundamental reference frame has been employed to promise the zero steady error of the control winding current, which contains both de and ac components. The control scheme is developed in the machine-side converter for the voltage harmonics elimination of the power winding. Experimental results with 30 kVA BDFIG are presented to verify the proposed control method.
针对独立无刷双馈感应发电机馈电非线性负载，提出了一种改进的谐波消除方法。为了避免降低发电系统的性能，必须消除引起的第5和第7电压谐波。同时，在正基本参考系中采用比例积分+谐振器保证了控制绕组电流的零稳态误差，其中包含了de和ac分量。针对电力绕组的电压谐波消除问题，提出了机侧变换器的控制方案。用30 kVA BDFIG的实验结果验证了所提出的控制方法。
{"title":"Improved Harmonics Elimination for Standalone Brushless Doubly-Fed Induction Generator with Nonlinear Loads","authors":"W. Xu, Kailiang Yu, Yi Liu, Jianping Gao, W. Hua","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8506764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8506764","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes an improved harmonics elimination method for standalone brushless doubly-fed induction generator (BDFIG) feeding nonlinear loads. To avoid degrading the performance of power generation systems, the caused 5th and 7th voltage harmonics must be eliminated. Meanwhile, a proportional-integral plus resonator in the positive fundamental reference frame has been employed to promise the zero steady error of the control winding current, which contains both de and ac components. The control scheme is developed in the machine-side converter for the voltage harmonics elimination of the power winding. Experimental results with 30 kVA BDFIG are presented to verify the proposed control method.","PeriodicalId":292261,"journal":{"name":"2018 XIII International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"170 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128619584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8507103
D. Vuljaj, Z. Hanic, A. Hanic, D. Žarko
This paper presents a method for calculation of flux linkages in the direct and quadrature axes of interior permanent magnet synchronous machines with a single U shaped barrier. The method is based on the magnetic equivalent circuit. For obtaining the correct results, it is essential to model the cross-saturation effect, especially for q axis current excitation due to magnetomotive force of the permanent magnets. The proposed method is fast and accurate. The paper describes modeling techniques and provides results as well as the comparisons with finite element method.
{"title":"Modelling of Cross Saturation Effect in Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines Using Magnetic Equivalent Circuits","authors":"D. Vuljaj, Z. Hanic, A. Hanic, D. Žarko","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8507103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8507103","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a method for calculation of flux linkages in the direct and quadrature axes of interior permanent magnet synchronous machines with a single U shaped barrier. The method is based on the magnetic equivalent circuit. For obtaining the correct results, it is essential to model the cross-saturation effect, especially for q axis current excitation due to magnetomotive force of the permanent magnets. The proposed method is fast and accurate. The paper describes modeling techniques and provides results as well as the comparisons with finite element method.","PeriodicalId":292261,"journal":{"name":"2018 XIII International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129053675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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