Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8506822
R. Sundaria, D. Nair, A. Lehikoinen, A. Arkkio, A. Belahcen
Epstein frame measurements of electrical steel samples of different widths cut by laser cutting are carried out in the range of 20 Hz to 400 Hz frequency of sinusoidal excitations. The effect of cutting on the magnetic permeability with core losses are modeled with analytical equations. Further, the validation of the model is carried out with finite element simulations of electrical steel samples. The presented loss model is found to reproduce the measurement results reasonably. The loss model is then applied to the simulation of a cage induction machine with time-stepping finite element analysis. The electromagnetic and thermal performance of the machine was analyzed with respect to the cutting effect. The simulations shows increase in the computed core losses and temperatures due to the cutting effect.
{"title":"Loss Model for the Effects of Steel Cutting in Electrical Machines","authors":"R. Sundaria, D. Nair, A. Lehikoinen, A. Arkkio, A. Belahcen","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8506822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8506822","url":null,"abstract":"Epstein frame measurements of electrical steel samples of different widths cut by laser cutting are carried out in the range of 20 Hz to 400 Hz frequency of sinusoidal excitations. The effect of cutting on the magnetic permeability with core losses are modeled with analytical equations. Further, the validation of the model is carried out with finite element simulations of electrical steel samples. The presented loss model is found to reproduce the measurement results reasonably. The loss model is then applied to the simulation of a cage induction machine with time-stepping finite element analysis. The electromagnetic and thermal performance of the machine was analyzed with respect to the cutting effect. The simulations shows increase in the computed core losses and temperatures due to the cutting effect.","PeriodicalId":292261,"journal":{"name":"2018 XIII International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129331939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8507089
Takato Hatanaka, Toshiya Mabuchi, M. Tomita, M. Hasegawa, S. Doki, S. Kato
Synchronous reluctance motors (SynRMs) have attracted attention because they have no magnets. The position sensorless control of SynRMs at low speeds is desired, and several methods have been proposed. A new position sensorless control method for SynRMs in a very-low-speed region has been proposed by the authors. It involves superimposing a high-frequency current with a small constant amplitude, using a high-frequency current control system. This paper shows that robust position sensorless control against inductance variations can be realized using this proposed method. Experiments showed that the proposed method is very useful even in a very-low-speed region.
{"title":"Robust Position Sensorless Control Against Inductance Variations of Synchronous Reluctance Motors in Low-Speed Region Using High-frequency Current Control","authors":"Takato Hatanaka, Toshiya Mabuchi, M. Tomita, M. Hasegawa, S. Doki, S. Kato","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8507089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8507089","url":null,"abstract":"Synchronous reluctance motors (SynRMs) have attracted attention because they have no magnets. The position sensorless control of SynRMs at low speeds is desired, and several methods have been proposed. A new position sensorless control method for SynRMs in a very-low-speed region has been proposed by the authors. It involves superimposing a high-frequency current with a small constant amplitude, using a high-frequency current control system. This paper shows that robust position sensorless control against inductance variations can be realized using this proposed method. Experiments showed that the proposed method is very useful even in a very-low-speed region.","PeriodicalId":292261,"journal":{"name":"2018 XIII International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"158 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124713115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8506963
C. Oria, A. Ortiz, I. Fernández, I. Carrascal, D. Ferreño
Power transformers are crucial elements in electrical systems, and the end of their useful life is commonly conditioned by the degradation of the cellulosic insulation materials inside them. These materials are subjected to elevated temperatures and mechanical stresses, generated by electrical solicitations which deform the copper conductors and subsequently the paper, and also to the chemical reactions which take place in the dielectric oil in which the paper is impregnated. In order to better understand the behaviour of cellulosic insulation, we have studied the previous bibliography analysing the mechanical behaviour of cellulosic materials. At present, there are no experimental results analysing how the paper responds to the deformation suffered by the copper conductor in a realistic situation. We have developed a simulation model describing the mechanical behaviour of a standardised copper conductor wrapped with four layers of dielectric paper, using ANSYS Workbench Static Structural, which will be compared with experimental results afterwards.
{"title":"Mechanical Behaviour of the Cellulosic Dielectric Materials of Windings in Power Transformers in Operation","authors":"C. Oria, A. Ortiz, I. Fernández, I. Carrascal, D. Ferreño","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8506963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8506963","url":null,"abstract":"Power transformers are crucial elements in electrical systems, and the end of their useful life is commonly conditioned by the degradation of the cellulosic insulation materials inside them. These materials are subjected to elevated temperatures and mechanical stresses, generated by electrical solicitations which deform the copper conductors and subsequently the paper, and also to the chemical reactions which take place in the dielectric oil in which the paper is impregnated. In order to better understand the behaviour of cellulosic insulation, we have studied the previous bibliography analysing the mechanical behaviour of cellulosic materials. At present, there are no experimental results analysing how the paper responds to the deformation suffered by the copper conductor in a realistic situation. We have developed a simulation model describing the mechanical behaviour of a standardised copper conductor wrapped with four layers of dielectric paper, using ANSYS Workbench Static Structural, which will be compared with experimental results afterwards.","PeriodicalId":292261,"journal":{"name":"2018 XIII International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129883715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8506715
Shouhui Ni, U. Schaefer
The spoke-type permanent magnet motors with ferrite magnets provide relatively high torque density and high efficiency at a low cost compared to conventional structures and are widely applied in different drive systems. In this paper, a parametric finite element model of a spoke-type permanent magnet motor for washing machines is built up. Operating points at low speed and high speed are calculated respectively. An optimization process by using genetic method is then conducted, with the goal to find an optimal design that satisfies a list of constraints and has lowest cost. A fitness function is specially defined to deal with the object together with the constraints. The results show the feasibility of the proposed approach combining genetic method with finite element method.
{"title":"Optimization of a Spoke-Type Permanent Magnet Motor by Combination of Genetic Algorithm and Finite Element Method","authors":"Shouhui Ni, U. Schaefer","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8506715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8506715","url":null,"abstract":"The spoke-type permanent magnet motors with ferrite magnets provide relatively high torque density and high efficiency at a low cost compared to conventional structures and are widely applied in different drive systems. In this paper, a parametric finite element model of a spoke-type permanent magnet motor for washing machines is built up. Operating points at low speed and high speed are calculated respectively. An optimization process by using genetic method is then conducted, with the goal to find an optimal design that satisfies a list of constraints and has lowest cost. A fitness function is specially defined to deal with the object together with the constraints. The results show the feasibility of the proposed approach combining genetic method with finite element method.","PeriodicalId":292261,"journal":{"name":"2018 XIII International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130410194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8506719
A. Rehfeldt, Torben Fricke, Babette Schwarz, Eva Bresemann, B. Ponick
This paper deals with the measurements of circulating currents in a downsized hydro generator on a test bench. Therefore, the specimen and the needed adjustments of the machine are pointed out in order to draw conclusions for full-sized hydro generators. The results of open and short circuit are compared to an analytical calculation method and discussed.
{"title":"Measurement of Sub-Conductor Circulating Currents in Roebel Bars of a Hydro Generator","authors":"A. Rehfeldt, Torben Fricke, Babette Schwarz, Eva Bresemann, B. Ponick","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8506719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8506719","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the measurements of circulating currents in a downsized hydro generator on a test bench. Therefore, the specimen and the needed adjustments of the machine are pointed out in order to draw conclusions for full-sized hydro generators. The results of open and short circuit are compared to an analytical calculation method and discussed.","PeriodicalId":292261,"journal":{"name":"2018 XIII International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126912543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8506934
M. Terzic, Haoding Li, B. Bilgin, A. Emadi
Normal operation of switched reluctance motors is highly nonlinear, and in order to predict its performance, it is of great importance to know precisely its flux linkage or inductance profiles as a function of the current and rotor position. In the design stage, these profiles are usually obtained by batch of FEA simulations. On the real machine, they can be obtained by different types of tests. The aim of this paper is to give a detailed overview of existing methods through comparison, and classification of these methods. Some methods are selected as more preferable based on their simplicity, implementation speed, or accuracy. These methods are then compared experimentally on an SRM drive.
{"title":"Comparison of Experimental Methods for Electromagnetic Characterization of Switched Reluctance Motors","authors":"M. Terzic, Haoding Li, B. Bilgin, A. Emadi","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8506934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8506934","url":null,"abstract":"Normal operation of switched reluctance motors is highly nonlinear, and in order to predict its performance, it is of great importance to know precisely its flux linkage or inductance profiles as a function of the current and rotor position. In the design stage, these profiles are usually obtained by batch of FEA simulations. On the real machine, they can be obtained by different types of tests. The aim of this paper is to give a detailed overview of existing methods through comparison, and classification of these methods. Some methods are selected as more preferable based on their simplicity, implementation speed, or accuracy. These methods are then compared experimentally on an SRM drive.","PeriodicalId":292261,"journal":{"name":"2018 XIII International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126914085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8507047
S. Roggia, F. Cupertino, C. Gerada, M. Galea
Conical motors are nowadays finding a niche place in certain aspects of industry. Due to their geometrical features and the particular flux paths, they intrinsically need complex 3D finite-element tools for accurate analysis. In this paper, however a more cost-effective but still highly accurate modelling methodology for conical machines is proposed and validated. The methodology is based on the development of an equivalent 2D process. This paper first describes the basic attraction forces between rotor and stator of a conical machine, then explains the concept of the proposed methodology, investigates it thoroughly with finite element analysis and finally validates the whole concept against experimental results achieved on a purposely-built prototype. All this clearly indicates the validity of the proposed method and process.
{"title":"Two-Dimensional Analysis for Conical Permanent Magnet Motors","authors":"S. Roggia, F. Cupertino, C. Gerada, M. Galea","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8507047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8507047","url":null,"abstract":"Conical motors are nowadays finding a niche place in certain aspects of industry. Due to their geometrical features and the particular flux paths, they intrinsically need complex 3D finite-element tools for accurate analysis. In this paper, however a more cost-effective but still highly accurate modelling methodology for conical machines is proposed and validated. The methodology is based on the development of an equivalent 2D process. This paper first describes the basic attraction forces between rotor and stator of a conical machine, then explains the concept of the proposed methodology, investigates it thoroughly with finite element analysis and finally validates the whole concept against experimental results achieved on a purposely-built prototype. All this clearly indicates the validity of the proposed method and process.","PeriodicalId":292261,"journal":{"name":"2018 XIII International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130590563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8506833
T. Kojima, Toshiki Suzuki, M. Hazeyama, Shinsuke Kayano
Position sensorless control of synchronous reluctance machines (SynRMs) is not easy due to nonlinear correlations caused by extensive magnetic saturation. This paper first investigates stability of a conventional saliency-based method and reveals it becomes unstable due to cross-coupling effect at high torque with high magnetic saturation even when the effect is low enough not to cause disappearance of the saliency nor to reverse the estimated d- and q- axes. A novel method to overcome this instability is proposed, which utilizes magnetic saturation depending on current phase angles. Verification by simulations and experiment confirmed that the proposed method achieves stable sensorless operation at high torque and increases the maximum feasible torque by 80% compared to the conventional methods.
{"title":"Position Sensorless Control of Synchronous Reluctance Machines Based on Magnetic Saturation Depending on Current Phase Angles","authors":"T. Kojima, Toshiki Suzuki, M. Hazeyama, Shinsuke Kayano","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8506833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8506833","url":null,"abstract":"Position sensorless control of synchronous reluctance machines (SynRMs) is not easy due to nonlinear correlations caused by extensive magnetic saturation. This paper first investigates stability of a conventional saliency-based method and reveals it becomes unstable due to cross-coupling effect at high torque with high magnetic saturation even when the effect is low enough not to cause disappearance of the saliency nor to reverse the estimated d- and q- axes. A novel method to overcome this instability is proposed, which utilizes magnetic saturation depending on current phase angles. Verification by simulations and experiment confirmed that the proposed method achieves stable sensorless operation at high torque and increases the maximum feasible torque by 80% compared to the conventional methods.","PeriodicalId":292261,"journal":{"name":"2018 XIII International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123909187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8507169
S. Sugimoto, D. Kori
This paper describes the cooling performance and fluid friction loss of water- and oil-cooled system for a motor in which parts of the rotor are soaked in oil coolant. To miniaturize the motor, the proposed cooling system does not use a pump or cooler. We developed a test motor and measured the proposed cooling system's fluid friction loss and temperature reduction effect. As a result, (1) the water- and oil-cooled can reduce coil temperature by 24% com pared with the water-cooled system; (2) the calculation error of the fluid friction loss of the rotor parts soaked in oil coolant is 30% at maximum; and (3) the water- and oil-cooled system has almost the same loss as the water-cooled system which demonstrating higher cooling performance.
{"title":"Cooling Performance and Loss Evaluation for Water- and Oil-Cooled without Pump for Oil","authors":"S. Sugimoto, D. Kori","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8507169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8507169","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the cooling performance and fluid friction loss of water- and oil-cooled system for a motor in which parts of the rotor are soaked in oil coolant. To miniaturize the motor, the proposed cooling system does not use a pump or cooler. We developed a test motor and measured the proposed cooling system's fluid friction loss and temperature reduction effect. As a result, (1) the water- and oil-cooled can reduce coil temperature by 24% com pared with the water-cooled system; (2) the calculation error of the fluid friction loss of the rotor parts soaked in oil coolant is 30% at maximum; and (3) the water- and oil-cooled system has almost the same loss as the water-cooled system which demonstrating higher cooling performance.","PeriodicalId":292261,"journal":{"name":"2018 XIII International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114324399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8507019
E. Armando, A. Boglietti, E. Carpaneto, A. Castagnini, M. Seita
Some specific applications fields of electric motors, such as Food and Beverage (F&B) applications, require highly demanding hygiene procedures that involve a highly aggressive environment for the motor, including e.g. frequent high pressure and high temperature washing with water or more aggressive detergents. Specific materials and protection features are used in motors to better withstand such environment, however these have an impact on performance and lead to oversized machines. This paper describes some solutions and their impact on performance, with specific focus on the thermal properties of the analyzed machine.
{"title":"Thermal Performance of Induction Motors for Washdown Environment","authors":"E. Armando, A. Boglietti, E. Carpaneto, A. Castagnini, M. Seita","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8507019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8507019","url":null,"abstract":"Some specific applications fields of electric motors, such as Food and Beverage (F&B) applications, require highly demanding hygiene procedures that involve a highly aggressive environment for the motor, including e.g. frequent high pressure and high temperature washing with water or more aggressive detergents. Specific materials and protection features are used in motors to better withstand such environment, however these have an impact on performance and lead to oversized machines. This paper describes some solutions and their impact on performance, with specific focus on the thermal properties of the analyzed machine.","PeriodicalId":292261,"journal":{"name":"2018 XIII International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121785001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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