Pub Date : 1999-07-01DOI: 10.1109/PESC.1999.789075
J. Hu, C. Sullivan
A method is developed to use a single set of two-dimensional numerical optimizations of inductor winding shapes to simply calculate the optimal winding configuration for any design on the same core without repeating the computationally intensive numerical optimization. For transformer windings, the results are consistent with previous one-dimensional optimizations, but for inductor windings, analysis of two-dimensional effects allows significant performance improvements.
{"title":"Analytical method for generalization of numerically optimized inductor winding shapes","authors":"J. Hu, C. Sullivan","doi":"10.1109/PESC.1999.789075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESC.1999.789075","url":null,"abstract":"A method is developed to use a single set of two-dimensional numerical optimizations of inductor winding shapes to simply calculate the optimal winding configuration for any design on the same core without repeating the computationally intensive numerical optimization. For transformer windings, the results are consistent with previous one-dimensional optimizations, but for inductor windings, analysis of two-dimensional effects allows significant performance improvements.","PeriodicalId":292317,"journal":{"name":"30th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference. Record. (Cat. No.99CH36321)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128417749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-07-01DOI: 10.1109/PESC.1999.785652
W. Ki, Jiying Shi, E. K. Yau, P. Mok, Johnny K. O. Sin
The proposed dimming method for fluorescent lamps consists of a wall unit and a light unit connected by two wires only. The rheostat of a triac dimmer restricts the cut-in angle to a small amount to be detected by the ballast controller. The angular information is then converted to frequency information in driving the lamp with desirable intensity.
{"title":"Phase-controlled dimmable electronic ballast for fluorescent lamps","authors":"W. Ki, Jiying Shi, E. K. Yau, P. Mok, Johnny K. O. Sin","doi":"10.1109/PESC.1999.785652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESC.1999.785652","url":null,"abstract":"The proposed dimming method for fluorescent lamps consists of a wall unit and a light unit connected by two wires only. The rheostat of a triac dimmer restricts the cut-in angle to a small amount to be detected by the ballast controller. The angular information is then converted to frequency information in driving the lamp with desirable intensity.","PeriodicalId":292317,"journal":{"name":"30th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference. Record. (Cat. No.99CH36321)","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115782143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-07-01DOI: 10.1109/PESC.1999.785659
D. C. Hamill, P. Krein
Coupled magnetics filter techniques are important tools in a converter designer's arsenal, but are not well understood. Evidence of this is one basic building block of coupled filters, reinvented numerous times during the past 65 years. A detailed analysis of coupled magnetics for DC-DC converters, based on a key building block, is given.
{"title":"A 'zero' ripple technique applicable to any DC converter","authors":"D. C. Hamill, P. Krein","doi":"10.1109/PESC.1999.785659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESC.1999.785659","url":null,"abstract":"Coupled magnetics filter techniques are important tools in a converter designer's arsenal, but are not well understood. Evidence of this is one basic building block of coupled filters, reinvented numerous times during the past 65 years. A detailed analysis of coupled magnetics for DC-DC converters, based on a key building block, is given.","PeriodicalId":292317,"journal":{"name":"30th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference. Record. (Cat. No.99CH36321)","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126162028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-07-01DOI: 10.1109/PESC.1999.788982
F. Poon, C. Tse, Joe C. P. Liu
The requirement of output current of very high slew rate has presented a great challenge to the design of voltage regulator modules that deliver power to computer CPUs such as the Pentium Pro. Methods for enhancing transient speed have been evolved around the reduction of effective inductance of the switching regulator through interleaving and paralleling converters. This paper introduces the concept of "phantom load" for achieving very fast and tight output voltage regulation for any switching converter. Essentially a special load corrector circuit is attached to the output of the switching regulator. This load corrector combines with the actual load (e.g., CPU chip) to form a slowly varying composite load or "phantom load" which permits the switching regulator to maintain a well regulated output voltage even when the actual load is changing very rapidly. This paper discusses the conceptual construction of the load corrector and its practical implementations. Experimental tests (based on available IC and discrete components) for a 20 A step load showing an output voltage fluctuation of less than /spl plusmn/30 mV are presented.
{"title":"Very fast transient voltage regulators based on load correction","authors":"F. Poon, C. Tse, Joe C. P. Liu","doi":"10.1109/PESC.1999.788982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESC.1999.788982","url":null,"abstract":"The requirement of output current of very high slew rate has presented a great challenge to the design of voltage regulator modules that deliver power to computer CPUs such as the Pentium Pro. Methods for enhancing transient speed have been evolved around the reduction of effective inductance of the switching regulator through interleaving and paralleling converters. This paper introduces the concept of \"phantom load\" for achieving very fast and tight output voltage regulation for any switching converter. Essentially a special load corrector circuit is attached to the output of the switching regulator. This load corrector combines with the actual load (e.g., CPU chip) to form a slowly varying composite load or \"phantom load\" which permits the switching regulator to maintain a well regulated output voltage even when the actual load is changing very rapidly. This paper discusses the conceptual construction of the load corrector and its practical implementations. Experimental tests (based on available IC and discrete components) for a 20 A step load showing an output voltage fluctuation of less than /spl plusmn/30 mV are presented.","PeriodicalId":292317,"journal":{"name":"30th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference. Record. (Cat. No.99CH36321)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131938753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-07-01DOI: 10.1109/PESC.1999.785584
S. Gataric, N. R. Garrigan
The use of complex vectors in the modeling, analysis and design of three-phase AC power systems is gaining wider use. Largely complex vectors have been used with coordinate transformations, signal flow diagrams and, in a few cases, with transfer functions, root loci and Bode plots. This paper formally and comprehensively extends complex vector representation to the standard set of control system tools including transfer functions, Laplace transforms, Nyquist and Bode plots, and stability criterion. The simple and insightful approach is developed and demonstrated in terms of the well known principles of control theory. A design example is given for a three phase AC voltage regulator with linear and nonlinear unbalanced loading. Direct design and analysis of a complex controller with complex gains are performed based on the results of this paper. Simulation results further illustrate the complex regulator performance. Lastly experimental results validate the developments and confirm the simulation results.
{"title":"Modeling and design of three-phase systems using complex transfer functions","authors":"S. Gataric, N. R. Garrigan","doi":"10.1109/PESC.1999.785584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESC.1999.785584","url":null,"abstract":"The use of complex vectors in the modeling, analysis and design of three-phase AC power systems is gaining wider use. Largely complex vectors have been used with coordinate transformations, signal flow diagrams and, in a few cases, with transfer functions, root loci and Bode plots. This paper formally and comprehensively extends complex vector representation to the standard set of control system tools including transfer functions, Laplace transforms, Nyquist and Bode plots, and stability criterion. The simple and insightful approach is developed and demonstrated in terms of the well known principles of control theory. A design example is given for a three phase AC voltage regulator with linear and nonlinear unbalanced loading. Direct design and analysis of a complex controller with complex gains are performed based on the results of this paper. Simulation results further illustrate the complex regulator performance. Lastly experimental results validate the developments and confirm the simulation results.","PeriodicalId":292317,"journal":{"name":"30th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference. Record. (Cat. No.99CH36321)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133456091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-07-01DOI: 10.1109/PESC.1999.785588
V. Caliskan, D. Perreault, T. Jahns, J. Kassakian
This paper presents a quantitative analysis of the operating characteristics of three-phase bridge rectifiers with AC-side reactance and constant-voltage loads. We describe the operating characteristics of the three-phase diode bridge rectifier in continuous conduction mode. Simple approximate expressions are derived for the output current characteristic, as well as the input power factor. The output current control characteristic is also derived for the three-phase thyristor bridge converter with constant-voltage load. The derived analytical expressions are applied to a practical example and simulations are utilized to validate the analytical results.
{"title":"Analysis of three-phase rectifiers with constant-voltage loads","authors":"V. Caliskan, D. Perreault, T. Jahns, J. Kassakian","doi":"10.1109/PESC.1999.785588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESC.1999.785588","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a quantitative analysis of the operating characteristics of three-phase bridge rectifiers with AC-side reactance and constant-voltage loads. We describe the operating characteristics of the three-phase diode bridge rectifier in continuous conduction mode. Simple approximate expressions are derived for the output current characteristic, as well as the input power factor. The output current control characteristic is also derived for the three-phase thyristor bridge converter with constant-voltage load. The derived analytical expressions are applied to a practical example and simulations are utilized to validate the analytical results.","PeriodicalId":292317,"journal":{"name":"30th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference. Record. (Cat. No.99CH36321)","volume":"275 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133830156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-07-01DOI: 10.1109/PESC.1999.789001
M. J. Ryan, R. D. De Doncker, R. Lorenz
Four-leg (3-phase 4-wire) inverters are developed to power unbalanced/nonlinear three-phase loads. A unique 4/spl times/4 decoupling transformation matrix is used that enables direct transformation between the four degree-of-freedom (DOF) leg-modulation space of the inverter and its corresponding 3-DOF output-voltage v space. This is analogous to the well-known 3/spl times/3 "abc-qd" transformation developed for the 3-leg inverter. Details of this new 4/spl times/4 "Quad" transform are provided, along with a depiction of the voltage-vectors produced. Advanced synchronous-frame control techniques are applied with this 4-to-3 "abcn-qdo" transform to create a UPS-style inverter with sinewave output. Experimental results for an 8.6 kV a prototype inverter are presented.
{"title":"Decoupled control of a 4-leg inverter via a new 4/spl times/4 transformation matrix","authors":"M. J. Ryan, R. D. De Doncker, R. Lorenz","doi":"10.1109/PESC.1999.789001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESC.1999.789001","url":null,"abstract":"Four-leg (3-phase 4-wire) inverters are developed to power unbalanced/nonlinear three-phase loads. A unique 4/spl times/4 decoupling transformation matrix is used that enables direct transformation between the four degree-of-freedom (DOF) leg-modulation space of the inverter and its corresponding 3-DOF output-voltage v space. This is analogous to the well-known 3/spl times/3 \"abc-qd\" transformation developed for the 3-leg inverter. Details of this new 4/spl times/4 \"Quad\" transform are provided, along with a depiction of the voltage-vectors produced. Advanced synchronous-frame control techniques are applied with this 4-to-3 \"abcn-qdo\" transform to create a UPS-style inverter with sinewave output. Experimental results for an 8.6 kV a prototype inverter are presented.","PeriodicalId":292317,"journal":{"name":"30th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference. Record. (Cat. No.99CH36321)","volume":"1 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120844935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-07-01DOI: 10.1109/PESC.1999.788992
J. Espinoza, G. Joós, L. Morán
Pulse-width modulated (PWM) current-source and voltage-source rectifiers (CSRs and VSRs) present several advantages as compared to thyristor line commutated and diode bridge rectifiers, respectively. Indeed, low supply current harmonic distortion and displacement power factor control including unity displacement power factor operation, can be obtained. However, the models of the CSRs and VSRs are nonlinear, which involves their analysis and certainly their control. This complexity is somehow avoided when using direct line current control and relatively high switching frequencies (>1 kHz). Unfortunately, this approach does not guarantees the stability of the rectifier, results in a dynamic that is load dependant and covers low to medium power level applications. This paper proposes the application of a nonlinear control strategy in combination with a high performance low switching frequency space vector modulation technique. The approach can be used in high power applications and allows the independent control of the two supply current components (active and reactive), which admits the converter to either generate or absorb reactive power according to a given set point while operates as an independent DC power supply. The paper includes a complete formulation of the system equations and a controller design procedure. Simulated results confirm the validity of theoretical considerations.
{"title":"Decoupled control of the active and reactive power in three-phase PWM rectifiers based on non-linear control strategies","authors":"J. Espinoza, G. Joós, L. Morán","doi":"10.1109/PESC.1999.788992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESC.1999.788992","url":null,"abstract":"Pulse-width modulated (PWM) current-source and voltage-source rectifiers (CSRs and VSRs) present several advantages as compared to thyristor line commutated and diode bridge rectifiers, respectively. Indeed, low supply current harmonic distortion and displacement power factor control including unity displacement power factor operation, can be obtained. However, the models of the CSRs and VSRs are nonlinear, which involves their analysis and certainly their control. This complexity is somehow avoided when using direct line current control and relatively high switching frequencies (>1 kHz). Unfortunately, this approach does not guarantees the stability of the rectifier, results in a dynamic that is load dependant and covers low to medium power level applications. This paper proposes the application of a nonlinear control strategy in combination with a high performance low switching frequency space vector modulation technique. The approach can be used in high power applications and allows the independent control of the two supply current components (active and reactive), which admits the converter to either generate or absorb reactive power according to a given set point while operates as an independent DC power supply. The paper includes a complete formulation of the system equations and a controller design procedure. Simulated results confirm the validity of theoretical considerations.","PeriodicalId":292317,"journal":{"name":"30th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference. Record. (Cat. No.99CH36321)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126325259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-07-01DOI: 10.1109/PESC.1999.789034
F. Pottker de Souza, I. Barbi
This paper introduces a new technique to control a single phase active power filter based on a full-bridge current source inverter. The active power filter is controlled through the sensor of the input current, allowing the compensation for current harmonics and phase displacement of any linear, nonlinear and multiple loads. Theoretical analysis, design procedure, simulation and experimental results are provided.
{"title":"Power factor correction of linear and nonlinear loads employing a single phase active power filter based on a full-bridge current source inverter controlled through the sensor of the AC mains current","authors":"F. Pottker de Souza, I. Barbi","doi":"10.1109/PESC.1999.789034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESC.1999.789034","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces a new technique to control a single phase active power filter based on a full-bridge current source inverter. The active power filter is controlled through the sensor of the input current, allowing the compensation for current harmonics and phase displacement of any linear, nonlinear and multiple loads. Theoretical analysis, design procedure, simulation and experimental results are provided.","PeriodicalId":292317,"journal":{"name":"30th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference. Record. (Cat. No.99CH36321)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134079188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-07-01DOI: 10.1109/PESC.1999.788980
Dragan Maksimovic, S. Dhar
The paper describes switched-capacitor DC-DC power converters (charge pumps) suitable for on-chip, low-power applications. The proposed configurations are based on connecting two identical but opposite-phase SC converters in parallel, thus eliminating the need for separate bootstrap gate drivers. The authors focus on emerging very low-power VLSI applications such as battery-powered or self-powered signal processors where high power conversion efficiency is important and where power levels are in the milliwatt range. Conduction and switching losses are considered to allow design optimization in terms of switching frequency and component sizes. Open-loop and closed-loop operation of an experimental, fully integrated, 10 MHz voltage doubler is described. The doubler has 2 V or 3 V input and generates 3.3 V or 5 V output at up to 5 mW load. The converter circuit fabricated in a standard 1.2 /spl mu/ CMOS technology takes 0.7 mm/sup 2/ of the chip area.
{"title":"Switched-capacitor DC-DC converters for low-power on-chip applications","authors":"Dragan Maksimovic, S. Dhar","doi":"10.1109/PESC.1999.788980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESC.1999.788980","url":null,"abstract":"The paper describes switched-capacitor DC-DC power converters (charge pumps) suitable for on-chip, low-power applications. The proposed configurations are based on connecting two identical but opposite-phase SC converters in parallel, thus eliminating the need for separate bootstrap gate drivers. The authors focus on emerging very low-power VLSI applications such as battery-powered or self-powered signal processors where high power conversion efficiency is important and where power levels are in the milliwatt range. Conduction and switching losses are considered to allow design optimization in terms of switching frequency and component sizes. Open-loop and closed-loop operation of an experimental, fully integrated, 10 MHz voltage doubler is described. The doubler has 2 V or 3 V input and generates 3.3 V or 5 V output at up to 5 mW load. The converter circuit fabricated in a standard 1.2 /spl mu/ CMOS technology takes 0.7 mm/sup 2/ of the chip area.","PeriodicalId":292317,"journal":{"name":"30th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference. Record. (Cat. No.99CH36321)","volume":" 38","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113947064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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