Pub Date : 1999-06-27DOI: 10.1109/PESC.1999.788988
J. Sebastián, A. Fernández, P. Villegas, A. Pernía
This paper deals with the steady-state analysis of AC-to-DC converters which use the recently proposed active input current shaper (AICS) to reduce the line current harmonics in order to comply with the IEC 1000-3-2 specifications. The main equations for many topologies directly derived from the standard ones (forward, flyback, SEPIC, Cuk, half-bridge, full-bridge, push-pull, buck, boost, buck-boost, etc.) have been obtained. Special attention must be paid in the case of the buck topology, which can exhibit a voltage gain with positive and negative slope. Finally, some of the proposed topologies have been experimentally tested.
{"title":"Steady-state analysis of AC-to-DC converters with active input current shaper based on delayed forward output","authors":"J. Sebastián, A. Fernández, P. Villegas, A. Pernía","doi":"10.1109/PESC.1999.788988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESC.1999.788988","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the steady-state analysis of AC-to-DC converters which use the recently proposed active input current shaper (AICS) to reduce the line current harmonics in order to comply with the IEC 1000-3-2 specifications. The main equations for many topologies directly derived from the standard ones (forward, flyback, SEPIC, Cuk, half-bridge, full-bridge, push-pull, buck, boost, buck-boost, etc.) have been obtained. Special attention must be paid in the case of the buck topology, which can exhibit a voltage gain with positive and negative slope. Finally, some of the proposed topologies have been experimentally tested.","PeriodicalId":292317,"journal":{"name":"30th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference. Record. (Cat. No.99CH36321)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124204792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-06-27DOI: 10.1109/PESC.1999.789019
E. Santi, Zhe Zhang, Slobodan Cuk
A control scheme for unity power factor automatic current shapers operating in discontinuous conduction mode uses constant-frequency peak current mode programming instead of the conventional low-bandwidth voltage mode programming control. The main advantage is that an input current with very low harmonic distortion (THD<1.5%) can be obtained. A potential stability problem of the control is identified and an elegant solution suggested.
{"title":"Low-distortion control of unity-power-factor converters in discontinuous conduction mode","authors":"E. Santi, Zhe Zhang, Slobodan Cuk","doi":"10.1109/PESC.1999.789019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESC.1999.789019","url":null,"abstract":"A control scheme for unity power factor automatic current shapers operating in discontinuous conduction mode uses constant-frequency peak current mode programming instead of the conventional low-bandwidth voltage mode programming control. The main advantage is that an input current with very low harmonic distortion (THD<1.5%) can be obtained. A potential stability problem of the control is identified and an elegant solution suggested.","PeriodicalId":292317,"journal":{"name":"30th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference. Record. (Cat. No.99CH36321)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116988069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-06-27DOI: 10.1109/PESC.1999.788996
M. Sedighy, S. Dewan, F. Dawson
The application of the internal model control structure for the digital current control of active power filters using voltage-source converters is discussed. Several issues including overshoot-free and fast reference-to-output response, effective cancellation of the source voltage disturbance, and the effect of the sample-and-hold operation on the system performance are addressed. Experimental results obtained from an active filter controlled by a TMS32040 DSP-based system, are reported.
{"title":"Internal model current control of VSC-based active power filters","authors":"M. Sedighy, S. Dewan, F. Dawson","doi":"10.1109/PESC.1999.788996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESC.1999.788996","url":null,"abstract":"The application of the internal model control structure for the digital current control of active power filters using voltage-source converters is discussed. Several issues including overshoot-free and fast reference-to-output response, effective cancellation of the source voltage disturbance, and the effect of the sample-and-hold operation on the system performance are addressed. Experimental results obtained from an active filter controlled by a TMS32040 DSP-based system, are reported.","PeriodicalId":292317,"journal":{"name":"30th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference. Record. (Cat. No.99CH36321)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117246519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-06-27DOI: 10.1109/PESC.1999.789049
M. Abrate, G. Griva, F. Profumo, A. Tenconi
This paper presents a new method based on the Luenberger observer to estimate the flux and the speed of an induction motor. The method uses different values of the discrete observer matrix computed offline at different speeds in order to keep the poles inside the stability region. As the motor speed changes, the proper observer matrix is selected by the control system: in this way, the dynamic response and the stability of the observer are guaranteed at high speed as well as at low speed. The performance of a 4-pole induction motor drive, using the proposed observer, has been tested. Experimental results are shown up to 12,000 RPM.
{"title":"High speed sensorless fuzzy-like Luenberger observer","authors":"M. Abrate, G. Griva, F. Profumo, A. Tenconi","doi":"10.1109/PESC.1999.789049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESC.1999.789049","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new method based on the Luenberger observer to estimate the flux and the speed of an induction motor. The method uses different values of the discrete observer matrix computed offline at different speeds in order to keep the poles inside the stability region. As the motor speed changes, the proper observer matrix is selected by the control system: in this way, the dynamic response and the stability of the observer are guaranteed at high speed as well as at low speed. The performance of a 4-pole induction motor drive, using the proposed observer, has been tested. Experimental results are shown up to 12,000 RPM.","PeriodicalId":292317,"journal":{"name":"30th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference. Record. (Cat. No.99CH36321)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130409021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-06-27DOI: 10.1109/PESC.1999.788974
E. Mayer, R. King
A new sampled-data model for the current-mode controlled buck converter includes for the first time the effects of delay in the current loop. Modified z-transforms are used in this new model for constant frequency trailing-edge modulation. Realistic amounts of delay are found to be particularly significant when the buck converter is operating in the continuous conduction mode near the discontinuous conduction mode boundary. The new model is used to predict the loop gain measurements obtained with the digital modulator and with conventional measurement techniques. It is shown that conventional loop gain measurement techniques are insufficient to measure the loop gain in this region of operation. It is also shown that the digital modulator can add a significant amount of delay, thereby altering the loop gain of the circuit being measured. However, if care is taken to minimize this delay, a good loop gain measurement can be achieved. The new model accurately predicts the boundary condition for subharmonic instability. In addition, it reduces to Ridley's current-mode control model for the case of zero delay.
{"title":"Previously unobserved effects of delay on current-mode control","authors":"E. Mayer, R. King","doi":"10.1109/PESC.1999.788974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESC.1999.788974","url":null,"abstract":"A new sampled-data model for the current-mode controlled buck converter includes for the first time the effects of delay in the current loop. Modified z-transforms are used in this new model for constant frequency trailing-edge modulation. Realistic amounts of delay are found to be particularly significant when the buck converter is operating in the continuous conduction mode near the discontinuous conduction mode boundary. The new model is used to predict the loop gain measurements obtained with the digital modulator and with conventional measurement techniques. It is shown that conventional loop gain measurement techniques are insufficient to measure the loop gain in this region of operation. It is also shown that the digital modulator can add a significant amount of delay, thereby altering the loop gain of the circuit being measured. However, if care is taken to minimize this delay, a good loop gain measurement can be achieved. The new model accurately predicts the boundary condition for subharmonic instability. In addition, it reduces to Ridley's current-mode control model for the case of zero delay.","PeriodicalId":292317,"journal":{"name":"30th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference. Record. (Cat. No.99CH36321)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131335533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-06-27DOI: 10.1109/PESC.1999.785665
B. Tomescu, H.F. VanLandinham
This paper introduces a disturbance rejection formalism from a modern control theory perspective for modeling DC/DC converters and paralleled converter systems using a nonterminated model. Robustness issues are briefly highlighted together with the development of a framework towards using intelligent control, e.g. fuzzy logic, for paralleled supplies. In this way, using digital controllers, one can implement the control strategies directly by writing code. The expanded modeling technique allows the input voltage and output load to be treated as disturbance signals rather than as parameters as is typically done. The motivation is that a DC/DC converter operates as a regulator and the loop dynamics should reject the line voltage and load current variations, which are actually acting as disturbances. Simulation results are discussed for a single converter as well as a paralleled system, both for resistive and constant power loads. Mathematical simulation results are in perfect agreement with usual circuit simulators results.
{"title":"Disturbance rejection and robustness considerations in DC/DC converters","authors":"B. Tomescu, H.F. VanLandinham","doi":"10.1109/PESC.1999.785665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESC.1999.785665","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces a disturbance rejection formalism from a modern control theory perspective for modeling DC/DC converters and paralleled converter systems using a nonterminated model. Robustness issues are briefly highlighted together with the development of a framework towards using intelligent control, e.g. fuzzy logic, for paralleled supplies. In this way, using digital controllers, one can implement the control strategies directly by writing code. The expanded modeling technique allows the input voltage and output load to be treated as disturbance signals rather than as parameters as is typically done. The motivation is that a DC/DC converter operates as a regulator and the loop dynamics should reject the line voltage and load current variations, which are actually acting as disturbances. Simulation results are discussed for a single converter as well as a paralleled system, both for resistive and constant power loads. Mathematical simulation results are in perfect agreement with usual circuit simulators results.","PeriodicalId":292317,"journal":{"name":"30th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference. Record. (Cat. No.99CH36321)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122351889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-06-27DOI: 10.1109/PESC.1999.785661
T. Wu, J. Hung
This paper presents analysis, design and practical consideration of a pulse-density modulation (PDM) controlled series resonant multi-level converter applied for X-ray generators. The proposed converter is operated at 100 kHz and with a maximum output power of 30 kW. The resonant tank of the converter is operated slightly above its resonance to achieve zero voltage switching and low turn-off loss at switching transition resulting in low loss. With the multi-level configuration, the voltage imposed on the switches is only half of the input voltage. A prototype has been implemented and the experimental results have demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed system.
{"title":"A PDM controlled series resonant multi-level converter applied for X-ray generators","authors":"T. Wu, J. Hung","doi":"10.1109/PESC.1999.785661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESC.1999.785661","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents analysis, design and practical consideration of a pulse-density modulation (PDM) controlled series resonant multi-level converter applied for X-ray generators. The proposed converter is operated at 100 kHz and with a maximum output power of 30 kW. The resonant tank of the converter is operated slightly above its resonance to achieve zero voltage switching and low turn-off loss at switching transition resulting in low loss. With the multi-level configuration, the voltage imposed on the switches is only half of the input voltage. A prototype has been implemented and the experimental results have demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed system.","PeriodicalId":292317,"journal":{"name":"30th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference. Record. (Cat. No.99CH36321)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114516238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-06-27DOI: 10.1109/PESC.1999.789042
R. Ayyanar, N. Mohan
A novel soft-switching DC-DC converter capable of achieving high power density and high efficiency is proposed. It has the following features compared to the conventional phase-modulated full-bridge converters (PMC): (i) same number (four) of switches with identical total switch VA ratings; (ii) zero-voltage-switching down to no-load, hence lower EMI; (iii) lower conduction losses; and (iv) smaller overall magnetics requirement. The operating principles and design methods are discussed in detail. Experimental results on a 100 W prototype operating at 200 kHz are presented.
{"title":"A novel soft-switching DC-DC converter with wide ZVS-range and reduced filter requirement","authors":"R. Ayyanar, N. Mohan","doi":"10.1109/PESC.1999.789042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESC.1999.789042","url":null,"abstract":"A novel soft-switching DC-DC converter capable of achieving high power density and high efficiency is proposed. It has the following features compared to the conventional phase-modulated full-bridge converters (PMC): (i) same number (four) of switches with identical total switch VA ratings; (ii) zero-voltage-switching down to no-load, hence lower EMI; (iii) lower conduction losses; and (iv) smaller overall magnetics requirement. The operating principles and design methods are discussed in detail. Experimental results on a 100 W prototype operating at 200 kHz are presented.","PeriodicalId":292317,"journal":{"name":"30th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference. Record. (Cat. No.99CH36321)","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125267437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-06-27DOI: 10.1109/PESC.1999.789063
Hong-Seok Song, H. Park, K. Nam
If a negative sequence is generated by a voltage sag and/or unbalance, it appears as an oscillating error in a synchronous reference frame (SRF). In power conditioning equipment, an exact value of positive sequence is needed for achieving the desired goal of the system, e.g., unity power factor and constant output voltage, whereas the exact value of negative sequence is needed for compensation. To measure the positive sequence separately from the negative sequence, one uses normally a low pass filter having a narrow bandwidth. However, such a filter causes a lot of phase delay or measurement delay, thus the response time of the system tends to be lengthened. The authors propose a method of estimating the positive and the negative sequence voltages separately without a significant delay by utilizing the weighted least-squares estimation (WLSE) method having the covariance resetting technique. They demonstrate through simulation and experiment the superior performance of the proposed scheme in measuring the positive and the negative sequence voltages at the time of abrupt transition. This method can be applied to UPSs, PWM AC/DC converters, active filters, series voltage compensators, etc.
{"title":"An instantaneous phase angle detection algorithm under unbalanced line voltage condition","authors":"Hong-Seok Song, H. Park, K. Nam","doi":"10.1109/PESC.1999.789063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESC.1999.789063","url":null,"abstract":"If a negative sequence is generated by a voltage sag and/or unbalance, it appears as an oscillating error in a synchronous reference frame (SRF). In power conditioning equipment, an exact value of positive sequence is needed for achieving the desired goal of the system, e.g., unity power factor and constant output voltage, whereas the exact value of negative sequence is needed for compensation. To measure the positive sequence separately from the negative sequence, one uses normally a low pass filter having a narrow bandwidth. However, such a filter causes a lot of phase delay or measurement delay, thus the response time of the system tends to be lengthened. The authors propose a method of estimating the positive and the negative sequence voltages separately without a significant delay by utilizing the weighted least-squares estimation (WLSE) method having the covariance resetting technique. They demonstrate through simulation and experiment the superior performance of the proposed scheme in measuring the positive and the negative sequence voltages at the time of abrupt transition. This method can be applied to UPSs, PWM AC/DC converters, active filters, series voltage compensators, etc.","PeriodicalId":292317,"journal":{"name":"30th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference. Record. (Cat. No.99CH36321)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134321710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-06-27DOI: 10.1109/PESC.1999.785664
G. Rahav, S. Ben-Yaakov
The possible trajectories of the state vector values (i/sub L/(t) and v/sub C/(t)) of buck and boost PWM converters under large transients are examined and evaluated. The forbidden trajectories, detected by examining the state space traces, impose sever limitation on the control design. These limitations are best demonstrated by investigation of large signal transient response of conventional linear controllers. Based on this investigation, a simple discrete control rule is proposed. Based on it, a preliminary simple discrete control function for a boost converter was tested and compared to a linear peak current mode (PCM) control.
{"title":"Forbidden state space trajectories of PWM converters: implication to digital control","authors":"G. Rahav, S. Ben-Yaakov","doi":"10.1109/PESC.1999.785664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESC.1999.785664","url":null,"abstract":"The possible trajectories of the state vector values (i/sub L/(t) and v/sub C/(t)) of buck and boost PWM converters under large transients are examined and evaluated. The forbidden trajectories, detected by examining the state space traces, impose sever limitation on the control design. These limitations are best demonstrated by investigation of large signal transient response of conventional linear controllers. Based on this investigation, a simple discrete control rule is proposed. Based on it, a preliminary simple discrete control function for a boost converter was tested and compared to a linear peak current mode (PCM) control.","PeriodicalId":292317,"journal":{"name":"30th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference. Record. (Cat. No.99CH36321)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134141553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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