Pub Date : 2024-03-10DOI: 10.30564/jaeser.v7i1.6233
Akubue Jideofor Anselm, Salman Mohammed, Salihu Tyabo, Abdulkadir Mohammed
All living creatures rely on spatial orientation to navigate through familiar environments. For humans, everyday activities depend on spatial orientation for navigating routes from outside locations to final destinations. The study suggests that the larger buildings get, the more the challenges of spatial orientation for their users. Likewise, building forms and configurations impact significantly on the course of wayfinding. In the case of hospitals, spatial configuration has been identified as significant in influencing human movements, performances of users and efficiency of services. This paper analyses the layout configurations of selected large hospital buildings in Nigeria using axial lines and relates the analysis with spatial orientation and wayfinding process. The aim of the study was to identify the extent of the impact of building layout configuration on spatial orientation and wayfinding process. The three large-sized hospitals selected for the study presented different scenarios which identified simplicities and complexities of building layout configurations as significant in the process of wayfinding. A comparative summary of the three hospitals in the study suggests that the less complex hospital layout presented the least spatial disorientation effect. This is mostly due to the linear sightlines utilized in the layout configuration design with fewer turns that enable visual connectivity to destination points thus indicating lesser challenges for wayfinding.
{"title":"Study of Spatial Disorientation and Wayfinding Challenges in Buildings Using Axial Analysis: A Case of Hospital Buildings in Nigeria","authors":"Akubue Jideofor Anselm, Salman Mohammed, Salihu Tyabo, Abdulkadir Mohammed","doi":"10.30564/jaeser.v7i1.6233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/jaeser.v7i1.6233","url":null,"abstract":"All living creatures rely on spatial orientation to navigate through familiar environments. For humans, everyday activities depend on spatial orientation for navigating routes from outside locations to final destinations. The study suggests that the larger buildings get, the more the challenges of spatial orientation for their users. Likewise, building forms and configurations impact significantly on the course of wayfinding. In the case of hospitals, spatial configuration has been identified as significant in influencing human movements, performances of users and efficiency of services. This paper analyses the layout configurations of selected large hospital buildings in Nigeria using axial lines and relates the analysis with spatial orientation and wayfinding process. The aim of the study was to identify the extent of the impact of building layout configuration on spatial orientation and wayfinding process. The three large-sized hospitals selected for the study presented different scenarios which identified simplicities and complexities of building layout configurations as significant in the process of wayfinding. A comparative summary of the three hospitals in the study suggests that the less complex hospital layout presented the least spatial disorientation effect. This is mostly due to the linear sightlines utilized in the layout configuration design with fewer turns that enable visual connectivity to destination points thus indicating lesser challenges for wayfinding.","PeriodicalId":292984,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Environment & Structural Engineering Research","volume":"19 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140396307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.30564/jaeser.v6i4.5964
Milad Ghanbari
In pursuit of environmental sustainability in the construction sector, this study employs a comprehensive life cycle assessment (LCA) approach to evaluate the environmental impact of widely used building materials in Iran, with a particular focus on energy consumption and carbon footprint. The investigation encompasses 22 widely used building materials, utilizing the Ecoinvent v3 database and Simapro8 software to assess critical environmental variables, including carbon dioxide (CO2) emission, required primary energy, water consumption, and thermal conductivity. The findings unveil the diverse environmental profiles of these materials, with thermal conductivity typically hovering around zero to 2 W/m.K for most, but with exceptions such as lime, aluminum, rebar, and steel exhibiting significantly higher values. Moreover, aluminum, ceramics, PVC pipe, and expanded polystyrene (EPS) foam are identified as higher energy consumers during their life cycle, in contrast to concrete and cement mortar characterized by lower primary energy demands. The materials identified as high-carbon building materials are steel, stone, plaster, rebar, bitumen, concrete, glass, cement, gravel, and EPS foam. On the other hand, the materials identified as low-carbon building materials are masonry blocks, wood, tiles, bricks, drywall, MDF, and cement mortar. This research provides valuable insights for material selection and sustainable construction practices, emphasizing low-carbon materials to reduce environmental impact and contribute to the global effort to mitigate climate change through responsible construction choices.
{"title":"Environmental Impact Assessment of Building Materials Using Life Cycle Assessment","authors":"Milad Ghanbari","doi":"10.30564/jaeser.v6i4.5964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/jaeser.v6i4.5964","url":null,"abstract":"In pursuit of environmental sustainability in the construction sector, this study employs a comprehensive life cycle assessment (LCA) approach to evaluate the environmental impact of widely used building materials in Iran, with a particular focus on energy consumption and carbon footprint. The investigation encompasses 22 widely used building materials, utilizing the Ecoinvent v3 database and Simapro8 software to assess critical environmental variables, including carbon dioxide (CO2) emission, required primary energy, water consumption, and thermal conductivity. The findings unveil the diverse environmental profiles of these materials, with thermal conductivity typically hovering around zero to 2 W/m.K for most, but with exceptions such as lime, aluminum, rebar, and steel exhibiting significantly higher values. Moreover, aluminum, ceramics, PVC pipe, and expanded polystyrene (EPS) foam are identified as higher energy consumers during their life cycle, in contrast to concrete and cement mortar characterized by lower primary energy demands. The materials identified as high-carbon building materials are steel, stone, plaster, rebar, bitumen, concrete, glass, cement, gravel, and EPS foam. On the other hand, the materials identified as low-carbon building materials are masonry blocks, wood, tiles, bricks, drywall, MDF, and cement mortar. This research provides valuable insights for material selection and sustainable construction practices, emphasizing low-carbon materials to reduce environmental impact and contribute to the global effort to mitigate climate change through responsible construction choices.","PeriodicalId":292984,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Environment & Structural Engineering Research","volume":"40 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138988843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-18DOI: 10.30564/jaeser.v6i3.5844
Ishmat Ara, Sourav Zaman
Green roofs are widely recognized for their multifaceted benefits to the environment, economy, and society, constituting the fundamental pillars of sustainability. These roofs contribute to the enhancement of bio-physical diversity, provision of food resources, regulation of temperature and rainfall-runoff patterns, creation of wildlife habitats, and augmentation of aesthetic and recreational value. While Bangladesh, with its favourable climatic conditions and rapid urbanization, possesses immense potential for harnessing the advantages of green roofs, their adoption remains limited in both research and practical applications within the country. Addressing this research gap, the present study aims to investigate the barriers impeding the implementation of green roofs in existing or new multi-family apartment buildings, focusing specifically on the city of Khulna. Through a combination of case studies and a comprehensive questionnaire survey administered to diverse stakeholders including apartment dwellers/owners, architects, developers, and government officials with varying levels of expertise, this research sheds light on the obstacles hindering Green Roof Implementation (GRI). The identified barriers encompass a lack of governmental policies, inadequate technological advancements, inaccurate estimation of economic benefits, and individual resistance. In light of the perspectives of various GRI stakeholders, strategic proposals encompassing policy, technical, economic, and social dimensions are presented to surmount these barriers. The outcomes of this study contribute to the dissemination of knowledge pertaining to the impediments to GRI implementation, thereby inspiring further research endeavours and enabling decision-makers to formulate robust policies facilitating the widespread adoption of green roofs.
{"title":"Understanding the Challenges of Implementing Green Roofs in Multi-Family Apartment Buildings: A Case Study in Khulna","authors":"Ishmat Ara, Sourav Zaman","doi":"10.30564/jaeser.v6i3.5844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/jaeser.v6i3.5844","url":null,"abstract":"Green roofs are widely recognized for their multifaceted benefits to the environment, economy, and society, constituting the fundamental pillars of sustainability. These roofs contribute to the enhancement of bio-physical diversity, provision of food resources, regulation of temperature and rainfall-runoff patterns, creation of wildlife habitats, and augmentation of aesthetic and recreational value. While Bangladesh, with its favourable climatic conditions and rapid urbanization, possesses immense potential for harnessing the advantages of green roofs, their adoption remains limited in both research and practical applications within the country. Addressing this research gap, the present study aims to investigate the barriers impeding the implementation of green roofs in existing or new multi-family apartment buildings, focusing specifically on the city of Khulna. Through a combination of case studies and a comprehensive questionnaire survey administered to diverse stakeholders including apartment dwellers/owners, architects, developers, and government officials with varying levels of expertise, this research sheds light on the obstacles hindering Green Roof Implementation (GRI). The identified barriers encompass a lack of governmental policies, inadequate technological advancements, inaccurate estimation of economic benefits, and individual resistance. In light of the perspectives of various GRI stakeholders, strategic proposals encompassing policy, technical, economic, and social dimensions are presented to surmount these barriers. The outcomes of this study contribute to the dissemination of knowledge pertaining to the impediments to GRI implementation, thereby inspiring further research endeavours and enabling decision-makers to formulate robust policies facilitating the widespread adoption of green roofs.","PeriodicalId":292984,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Environment & Structural Engineering Research","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122545636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-15DOI: 10.30564/jaeser.v6i3.5807
S. Joshi, Atharvi Thorat, Harshali Dehadray, Mayuri Tundalwar
Bridges serve as essential parts of transportation infrastructure, facilitating the movement of people and goods across rivers, valleys, and other obstacles. However, they are also susceptible to a wide range of natural hazards, including floods, earthquakes, and landslides, which can damage or even collapse these structures, leading to severe economic and human losses. A risk index has been developed to address this issue, which quantifies the likelihood and severity of natural hazards occurring in a specific location. The application of risk indices for natural hazards in bridge management involves a data collection process and mathematical modelling. The data collection process gathers information on bridges’ location, condition, and vulnerability, while mathematical modelling uses the data to assess the risk of natural hazards. Overall, risk indices provide a quantitative measure of the vulnerability of bridges to natural hazards and help to prioritize maintenance and repair activities. Mitigation measures are then evaluated and implemented based on the risk assessment results. By using this tool, the UBMS research group has developed an algorithm for risk assessment which will be essential in the decision-making process, specifically focused on enhancing Fund Optimization, Deterioration Modelling, and Risk Analysis. These developments effectively fulfill the primary objectives associated with addressing and mitigating hazards. This development also helps bridge managers understand the potential threats posed by natural hazards and allocate resources more efficiently to ensure the safety and longevity of critical transportation infrastructure.
{"title":"Sustainability of Bridges: Risk Mitigation for Natural Hazards","authors":"S. Joshi, Atharvi Thorat, Harshali Dehadray, Mayuri Tundalwar","doi":"10.30564/jaeser.v6i3.5807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/jaeser.v6i3.5807","url":null,"abstract":"Bridges serve as essential parts of transportation infrastructure, facilitating the movement of people and goods across rivers, valleys, and other obstacles. However, they are also susceptible to a wide range of natural hazards, including floods, earthquakes, and landslides, which can damage or even collapse these structures, leading to severe economic and human losses. A risk index has been developed to address this issue, which quantifies the likelihood and severity of natural hazards occurring in a specific location. The application of risk indices for natural hazards in bridge management involves a data collection process and mathematical modelling. The data collection process gathers information on bridges’ location, condition, and vulnerability, while mathematical modelling uses the data to assess the risk of natural hazards. Overall, risk indices provide a quantitative measure of the vulnerability of bridges to natural hazards and help to prioritize maintenance and repair activities. Mitigation measures are then evaluated and implemented based on the risk assessment results. By using this tool, the UBMS research group has developed an algorithm for risk assessment which will be essential in the decision-making process, specifically focused on enhancing Fund Optimization, Deterioration Modelling, and Risk Analysis. These developments effectively fulfill the primary objectives associated with addressing and mitigating hazards. This development also helps bridge managers understand the potential threats posed by natural hazards and allocate resources more efficiently to ensure the safety and longevity of critical transportation infrastructure.","PeriodicalId":292984,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Environment & Structural Engineering Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127803818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-10DOI: 10.30564/jaeser.v6i3.5869
M. Alghoul, K. Irshad
{"title":"Asphalt Pavement Temperature Fluctuation: Impacts and solutions","authors":"M. Alghoul, K. Irshad","doi":"10.30564/jaeser.v6i3.5869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/jaeser.v6i3.5869","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":292984,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Environment & Structural Engineering Research","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125193455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-05DOI: 10.30564/jaeser.v6i2.5695
Shishir Sinha, A. Pandey, S. B, B. Prasad
Incorporating small amounts of biochar into cementitious materials has partial effects on the environment. In this present study, rice husk was collected as agricultural biomass from a local area of Roorkee Uttarakhand, which contains siliceous material to a significant extent. Biochar was prepared from agricultural waste in a muffle furnace at a temperature of 500 ℃ for 90 min and ground to a fineness of less than 10 µm. Prior to incorporation into building envelopes such as mortar and concrete, a basic study on cement pastes is essentially required. For this purpose, different dosages of biochar such as 0, 3%, 5% and 10% wt. were replaced with cement in cementitious materials. Physical properties such as water absorption, density and porosity were investigated. Furthermore, mechanical and thermal properties such as compressive strength and thermal conductivity were studied. Advanced tools like field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) were used to identify the hydration products. As the dosages increased in the cement matrix, the physical properties of sample were increased and porosity decreased. The compressive strength of biochar incorporated cement paste improved according to 0, 3%, 5% and 10% wt. It further reveals that as the dosage increased, the thermal conductivity of the samples decreased significantly. Moreover, the sustainable assessment showed that biochar could reduce embodied carbon, embodied energy and strength efficiency substantially over the control sample. A satisfactory result was obtained at 5% wt. and 10 % wt. of biochar. The overall result revealed that biochar up to 10% wt. can be incorporated into mortar and concrete due to better results than the control mix.
{"title":"Preliminary Study of Agricultural Waste as Biochar Incorporated into Cementitious Materials","authors":"Shishir Sinha, A. Pandey, S. B, B. Prasad","doi":"10.30564/jaeser.v6i2.5695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/jaeser.v6i2.5695","url":null,"abstract":"Incorporating small amounts of biochar into cementitious materials has partial effects on the environment. In this present study, rice husk was collected as agricultural biomass from a local area of Roorkee Uttarakhand, which contains siliceous material to a significant extent. Biochar was prepared from agricultural waste in a muffle furnace at a temperature of 500 ℃ for 90 min and ground to a fineness of less than 10 µm. Prior to incorporation into building envelopes such as mortar and concrete, a basic study on cement pastes is essentially required. For this purpose, different dosages of biochar such as 0, 3%, 5% and 10% wt. were replaced with cement in cementitious materials. Physical properties such as water absorption, density and porosity were investigated. Furthermore, mechanical and thermal properties such as compressive strength and thermal conductivity were studied. Advanced tools like field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) were used to identify the hydration products. As the dosages increased in the cement matrix, the physical properties of sample were increased and porosity decreased. The compressive strength of biochar incorporated cement paste improved according to 0, 3%, 5% and 10% wt. It further reveals that as the dosage increased, the thermal conductivity of the samples decreased significantly. Moreover, the sustainable assessment showed that biochar could reduce embodied carbon, embodied energy and strength efficiency substantially over the control sample. A satisfactory result was obtained at 5% wt. and 10 % wt. of biochar. The overall result revealed that biochar up to 10% wt. can be incorporated into mortar and concrete due to better results than the control mix.","PeriodicalId":292984,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Environment & Structural Engineering Research","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130535143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-30DOI: 10.30564/jaeser.v6i2.5690
Naiyi Li, Kuang-yuan Hou, Y. Ye, C. Fu
This paper studies the deterioration of bridge substructures utilizing the Long-Term Bridge Performance (LTBP) Program InfoBridgeTM and develops a survival model using Cox proportional hazards regression. The survival analysis is based on the National Bridge Inventory (NBI) dataset. The study calculates the survival rate of reinforced and prestressed concrete piles on bridges under marine conditions over a 29-year span (from 1992 to 2020). The state of Maryland is the primary focus of this study, with data from three neighboring regions, the District of Columbia, Virginia, and Delaware to expand the sample size. The data obtained from the National Bridge Inventory are condensed and filtered to acquire the most relevant information for model development. The Cox proportional hazards regression is applied to the condensed NBI data with six parameters: Age, ADT, ADTT, number of spans, span length, and structural length. Two survival models are generated for the bridge substructures: Reinforced and prestressed concrete piles in Maryland and reinforced and prestressed concrete piles in wet service conditions in the District of Columbia, Maryland, Delaware, and Virginia. Results from the Cox proportional hazards regression are used to construct Markov chains to demonstrate the sequence of the deterioration of bridge substructures. The Markov chains can be used as a tool to assist in the prediction and decision-making for repair, rehabilitation, and replacement of bridge piles. Based on the numerical model, the Pile Assessment Matrix Program (PAM) is developed to facilitate the assessment and maintenance of current bridge structures. The program integrates the NBI database with the inspection and research reports from various states’ department of transportation, to serve as a tool for condition state simulation based on maintenance or rehabilitation strategies.
{"title":"Survival Analysis Using Cox Proportional Hazards Regression for Pile Bridge Piles Under Wet Service Conditions","authors":"Naiyi Li, Kuang-yuan Hou, Y. Ye, C. Fu","doi":"10.30564/jaeser.v6i2.5690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/jaeser.v6i2.5690","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies the deterioration of bridge substructures utilizing the Long-Term Bridge Performance (LTBP) Program InfoBridgeTM and develops a survival model using Cox proportional hazards regression. The survival analysis is based on the National Bridge Inventory (NBI) dataset. The study calculates the survival rate of reinforced and prestressed concrete piles on bridges under marine conditions over a 29-year span (from 1992 to 2020). The state of Maryland is the primary focus of this study, with data from three neighboring regions, the District of Columbia, Virginia, and Delaware to expand the sample size. The data obtained from the National Bridge Inventory are condensed and filtered to acquire the most relevant information for model development. The Cox proportional hazards regression is applied to the condensed NBI data with six parameters: Age, ADT, ADTT, number of spans, span length, and structural length. Two survival models are generated for the bridge substructures: Reinforced and prestressed concrete piles in Maryland and reinforced and prestressed concrete piles in wet service conditions in the District of Columbia, Maryland, Delaware, and Virginia. Results from the Cox proportional hazards regression are used to construct Markov chains to demonstrate the sequence of the deterioration of bridge substructures. The Markov chains can be used as a tool to assist in the prediction and decision-making for repair, rehabilitation, and replacement of bridge piles. Based on the numerical model, the Pile Assessment Matrix Program (PAM) is developed to facilitate the assessment and maintenance of current bridge structures. The program integrates the NBI database with the inspection and research reports from various states’ department of transportation, to serve as a tool for condition state simulation based on maintenance or rehabilitation strategies.","PeriodicalId":292984,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Environment & Structural Engineering Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124104693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-22DOI: 10.30564/jaeser.v6i2.5626
Seyyed Mohammadmahdi Hosseinikia, N. Khiabanchian, Hadi Rezaeirad
Communal spaces provide different facilities for users while they are the primary place for the spread of diseases, especially respiratory. Transmission is possible through human behaviors, the way they communicate with each other and breathe in an environment by airborne pathogenic particles. Experts from various fields have gained valuable experience and achievements regarding how to prevent these diseases by means of environmental factors. Due to the spread of the corona virus in the past years, environmental planners and designers seriously considered the need to review the design and use of spatial components. This study provides a framework for decision making and design of communal spaces based on how environmental components can be effective in preventing the spread of respiratory diseases such as coronavirus and influenza. The research method used in this article is logical reasoning combined with ANP method and focus group discussion. According to the results of this research, indoor air quality plays the most crucial role in preventing the transmission of viruses (contagious respiratory diseases) based on expert groups.
{"title":"Assessing the Role of Environmental Factors in the Transmission of Infectious Diseases in Communal Spaces","authors":"Seyyed Mohammadmahdi Hosseinikia, N. Khiabanchian, Hadi Rezaeirad","doi":"10.30564/jaeser.v6i2.5626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/jaeser.v6i2.5626","url":null,"abstract":"Communal spaces provide different facilities for users while they are the primary place for the spread of diseases, especially respiratory. Transmission is possible through human behaviors, the way they communicate with each other and breathe in an environment by airborne pathogenic particles. Experts from various fields have gained valuable experience and achievements regarding how to prevent these diseases by means of environmental factors. Due to the spread of the corona virus in the past years, environmental planners and designers seriously considered the need to review the design and use of spatial components. This study provides a framework for decision making and design of communal spaces based on how environmental components can be effective in preventing the spread of respiratory diseases such as coronavirus and influenza. The research method used in this article is logical reasoning combined with ANP method and focus group discussion. According to the results of this research, indoor air quality plays the most crucial role in preventing the transmission of viruses (contagious respiratory diseases) based on expert groups.","PeriodicalId":292984,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Environment & Structural Engineering Research","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122892644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-17DOI: 10.30564/jaeser.v6i2.5542
Niharika Pawar, Yasmeen Qureshi, R. Agarwal, Srinivasarao Naik Bhanavath
Phase change materials (PCMs) are an interesting technology due to their high density and isothermal behavior during phase change. Phase change material plays a major role in the energy saving of the buildings, which is greatly aided by the incorporation of phase change material into building products such as bricks, cement, gypsum board, etc. In this study, an experiment has been conducted with three identical small chambers made up of normal, grooved and PCM-treated grooved bricks. Before the inclusion of PCM in grooved bricks, PCM material behavior has been studied by different techniques such as DSC, TG/DTA, SEM, and XRD. Thermal properties and thermal stability were investigated by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to determine the microstructure and crystalloid phase of the PCM before and after the accelerated thermal cycling test (0, 60, 120). These three identical model rooms built were exposed at a temperature just above 40 °C with a heater. When the maximum outdoor temperature was 40-41 °C, then the temperature of the PCM-treated grooved chamber was 32-33 °C. The PCM-treated wall was tested and compared with a conventional and grooved wall. The difference between the PCM-treated grooved chamber and the untreated one was 8-9 °C. PCM-treated bricks provided more efficient internal heat retention in summer when the outside temperature increased.
{"title":"Study on Phase Change Material in Grooved Bricks for Energy Efficiency of the Buildings","authors":"Niharika Pawar, Yasmeen Qureshi, R. Agarwal, Srinivasarao Naik Bhanavath","doi":"10.30564/jaeser.v6i2.5542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/jaeser.v6i2.5542","url":null,"abstract":"Phase change materials (PCMs) are an interesting technology due to their high density and isothermal behavior during phase change. Phase change material plays a major role in the energy saving of the buildings, which is greatly aided by the incorporation of phase change material into building products such as bricks, cement, gypsum board, etc. In this study, an experiment has been conducted with three identical small chambers made up of normal, grooved and PCM-treated grooved bricks. Before the inclusion of PCM in grooved bricks, PCM material behavior has been studied by different techniques such as DSC, TG/DTA, SEM, and XRD. Thermal properties and thermal stability were investigated by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to determine the microstructure and crystalloid phase of the PCM before and after the accelerated thermal cycling test (0, 60, 120). These three identical model rooms built were exposed at a temperature just above 40 °C with a heater. When the maximum outdoor temperature was 40-41 °C, then the temperature of the PCM-treated grooved chamber was 32-33 °C. The PCM-treated wall was tested and compared with a conventional and grooved wall. The difference between the PCM-treated grooved chamber and the untreated one was 8-9 °C. PCM-treated bricks provided more efficient internal heat retention in summer when the outside temperature increased.","PeriodicalId":292984,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Environment & Structural Engineering Research","volume":" 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113952825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-20DOI: 10.30564/jaeser.v6i2.5408
B. Weber-Lewerenz, M. Traverso
The study examines corporate strategies from different angles, defines potential fields of application and works out existing empirical values and trends in the digitization process of the building sector. It highlights the unintended consequences of technological development and offers concrete practical approaches for responsible use. Using the qualitative research method, the study concludes that digital methods, such as BIM and Digital Twins, and Artificial Intelligence (AI) can add value, significantly reduce resources and increase sustainability. The study is part of a larger primary research on Corporate Digital Responsibility (CDR) in Construction 4.0; it identifies, analyzes and systematically evaluates the pillars of a sustainable digital transformation, especially in the Construction Industry. The holistic, interdisciplinary view of this study aims to provide orientation for small to medium-sized companies (SMEs) developing their individual digital strategy. An outline of the necessary prerequisites but also design options, as they result from the evaluation of expert interviews and literature research, supports companies in the design of Construction 4.0 that is in-line with the needs of people, society and the environment and shaping more economically efficient building life cycles. Part II on Best Practices in Construction 4.0 follows up on the published Part I. It highlights that digital transformation has also reached the traditionally small-scale AEC industry (Architecture, Engineering and Construction) and catalyzes the variety of innovations.
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