Pub Date : 2023-03-23DOI: 10.30564/jaeser.v6i1.5436
Mª Dolores Álvarez Elipe
Transformable architecture is totally linked to the study and knowledge of geometry. There are some materials in nature, whose geometric invariants establish equivalent structural behavior regarding the scalar transformations, developing different spatial typologies according to dimensional variation. Auxetic materials are characterized by their negative Poisson’s ratio. The can change their geometric configuration from a line to a surface, and from a surface to a volume or spatial framework. This paper is based on establishing and comparing those stellated reentrant auxetic geometries to be able to build new spaces defined by their capacity to architectural transformation, studying analytically geometric properties of stellated reentrant auxetic structures that, from the molecular to the macroscopic level, can be part of the architecture construction. In this investigation a comparative study by means of CAD of stellated reentrant auxetic patterns has been realized. A Computer Aided Design study of stellated reentrant auxetic structures will be realized to use them to architecture. The geometric behavior of the different stellated reentrant auxetic patterns is analyzed from the developed study to generate a systematic comparison, evaluating properties of these forms, such as their maximum achievable area reductions in relation with the total length of bars of the structure, in order to obtain a growth factor.
{"title":"Geometric Study of Two-Dimension Stellated Reentrant Auxetic Structures to Transformable Architecture","authors":"Mª Dolores Álvarez Elipe","doi":"10.30564/jaeser.v6i1.5436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/jaeser.v6i1.5436","url":null,"abstract":"Transformable architecture is totally linked to the study and knowledge of geometry. There are some materials in nature, whose geometric invariants establish equivalent structural behavior regarding the scalar transformations, developing different spatial typologies according to dimensional variation. Auxetic materials are characterized by their negative Poisson’s ratio. The can change their geometric configuration from a line to a surface, and from a surface to a volume or spatial framework. This paper is based on establishing and comparing those stellated reentrant auxetic geometries to be able to build new spaces defined by their capacity to architectural transformation, studying analytically geometric properties of stellated reentrant auxetic structures that, from the molecular to the macroscopic level, can be part of the architecture construction. In this investigation a comparative study by means of CAD of stellated reentrant auxetic patterns has been realized. A Computer Aided Design study of stellated reentrant auxetic structures will be realized to use them to architecture. The geometric behavior of the different stellated reentrant auxetic patterns is analyzed from the developed study to generate a systematic comparison, evaluating properties of these forms, such as their maximum achievable area reductions in relation with the total length of bars of the structure, in order to obtain a growth factor.","PeriodicalId":292984,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Environment & Structural Engineering Research","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123296565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-22DOI: 10.30564/jaeser.v6i1.5557
Yeong Huei Lee, Yee Yong Lee, Shi Yee Wong
A higher cooling load is required with an increasing room temperature that resulted from the high thermal conductivity and low time lag of conventional construction materials [1] . Such a high cooling load increases the carbon footprint from the energy consumption during building performance. The condition can be worsened with the urban heat island phenomenon, as the cooling load prolongs to night time for maintaining indoor thermal comfort. Hence, structural lightweight concrete (SLC) serves as an alternative in concrete structures for reducing the carbon footprint during building performance. Countries with tropical climates have the highest amount of energy consumption for cooling loads. SLC may significantly reduce the cooling loads within the structures’ service life. The indoor environment is sealed from outside weathering with building form in achieving human thermal comfort. Apart from roofing, the wall is the major component in building form with predominant exposure to heat transfer. Heat transfer mechanism through conduction, convection and radiation increases indoor temperature and requires higher energy for reducing the temperature. Roofing and wall components contented higher areas for heat transfer mechanism. A lightweight concrete block and SLC comprising load-bearing members and a non-bearing wall is a sustainable solution for the concrete construction industry. The outdoor wall experiences different temperature patterns throughout the day as a result of varying thermal loads, such as solar radiation and infrared exchange between the wall and its surroundings that
{"title":"Thermal characteristics of structural lightweight concrete","authors":"Yeong Huei Lee, Yee Yong Lee, Shi Yee Wong","doi":"10.30564/jaeser.v6i1.5557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/jaeser.v6i1.5557","url":null,"abstract":"A higher cooling load is required with an increasing room temperature that resulted from the high thermal conductivity and low time lag of conventional construction materials [1] . Such a high cooling load increases the carbon footprint from the energy consumption during building performance. The condition can be worsened with the urban heat island phenomenon, as the cooling load prolongs to night time for maintaining indoor thermal comfort. Hence, structural lightweight concrete (SLC) serves as an alternative in concrete structures for reducing the carbon footprint during building performance. Countries with tropical climates have the highest amount of energy consumption for cooling loads. SLC may significantly reduce the cooling loads within the structures’ service life. The indoor environment is sealed from outside weathering with building form in achieving human thermal comfort. Apart from roofing, the wall is the major component in building form with predominant exposure to heat transfer. Heat transfer mechanism through conduction, convection and radiation increases indoor temperature and requires higher energy for reducing the temperature. Roofing and wall components contented higher areas for heat transfer mechanism. A lightweight concrete block and SLC comprising load-bearing members and a non-bearing wall is a sustainable solution for the concrete construction industry. The outdoor wall experiences different temperature patterns throughout the day as a result of varying thermal loads, such as solar radiation and infrared exchange between the wall and its surroundings that","PeriodicalId":292984,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Environment & Structural Engineering Research","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128231378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-09DOI: 10.30564/jaeser.v6i1.5362
B. Weber-Lewerenz, M. Traverso
Digital transformation in the AEC industry (Architecture, Engineering and Construction) is a key driver to enhance technical innovation in the branch and adds dynamic to all work processes and methods. A more differentiated understanding of the responsible use of innovative technologies aims not only towards increased sustainability and more efficient building life cycles but also recognizing the unintended effects such as artificial intelligence (AI). The study is part of a larger primary research on Corporate Digital Responsibility (CDR) in Construction 4.0; this identifies, analyzes and systematically evaluates key factors of a sustainable digital transformation, especially in the traditionally small-scale Construction Industry - one in which there can be no standardized procedure. The study uses interdisciplinary literature and data research and expert interviews. The qualitative method enables a critical-reflexive analysis of the key factors of a meaningful and sustainable implementation of innovative technologies in Construction. Application examples show possible approaches - some of which are implemented as prototypes - and provide guidance for small to medium-sized companies. The study outlines the necessary steps for companies to define their own potential fields of application and find suitable methods. Another aim of the study is to take stock of the acceptance of new technologies by comparing different perspectives from experts. The study results show new perspectives in the transformation of the Construction Industry. They show that Digital Transformation in Construction 4.0 has great potential for an economical, efficient construction life cycle, but requires the responsible, sensible use of innovative technologies.
{"title":"Best Practices in Construction 4.0 – Catalysts of digital innovations (Part I)","authors":"B. Weber-Lewerenz, M. Traverso","doi":"10.30564/jaeser.v6i1.5362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/jaeser.v6i1.5362","url":null,"abstract":"Digital transformation in the AEC industry (Architecture, Engineering and Construction) is a key driver to enhance technical innovation in the branch and adds dynamic to all work processes and methods. A more differentiated understanding of the responsible use of innovative technologies aims not only towards increased sustainability and more efficient building life cycles but also recognizing the unintended effects such as artificial intelligence (AI). The study is part of a larger primary research on Corporate Digital Responsibility (CDR) in Construction 4.0; this identifies, analyzes and systematically evaluates key factors of a sustainable digital transformation, especially in the traditionally small-scale Construction Industry - one in which there can be no standardized procedure. The study uses interdisciplinary literature and data research and expert interviews. The qualitative method enables a critical-reflexive analysis of the key factors of a meaningful and sustainable implementation of innovative technologies in Construction. Application examples show possible approaches - some of which are implemented as prototypes - and provide guidance for small to medium-sized companies. The study outlines the necessary steps for companies to define their own potential fields of application and find suitable methods. Another aim of the study is to take stock of the acceptance of new technologies by comparing different perspectives from experts. The study results show new perspectives in the transformation of the Construction Industry. They show that Digital Transformation in Construction 4.0 has great potential for an economical, efficient construction life cycle, but requires the responsible, sensible use of innovative technologies.","PeriodicalId":292984,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Environment & Structural Engineering Research","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116590168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-11DOI: 10.30564/jaeser.v5i4.5248
Belkacem Belhadj, J. Houessou, N. Montrelay, M. Quéneudec
The approach that contributes to the development of eco-materials in construction is the use of mineral powders, which can improve mechanical properties and reduce cement consumption. This article aims to study the effect of substitution by mass of cement with mineral powders on the physicomechanical properties and microstructure of sand concretes. The used mineral powders are A: the limestone, B: the natural pozzolan, C: the hydraulic lime, D: (1/3 limestone + 1/3 natural pozzolan + 1/3 hydraulic lime), and E: (1/2 natural pozzolan + 1/2 hydraulic lime). The studied percentages are 5%, 10% and 15%, in both separated and combined states. The studied properties are workability, compressive strength, the elasticity modulus in compression, shrinkage and microstructure analysis. The objective is to target the optimal percentage of the substitution of cement with mineral powders, which ensures the best compromise between the main properties of the studied sand concretes. The obtained results show that the optimal percentage is in favor of the substitution of cement by 10% D (1/3 limestone, 1/3 natural pozzolan and 1/3 hydraulic lime). Even the 15% of mineral powder D, presented similar performances compared to the sand concrete (without mineral powders). Finally, in the context of the development of eco-materials, it should be noted that the 10% D and 15% D (1/3 limestone, 1/3 natural pozzolan and 1/3 hydraulic lime) contribute to decrease the use of cement and consequently to reduce of CO2 emissions.
{"title":"Effect of Substitution of Cement by Mineral Powders on the Physicomechanical Properties and Microstructure of Sand Concretes","authors":"Belkacem Belhadj, J. Houessou, N. Montrelay, M. Quéneudec","doi":"10.30564/jaeser.v5i4.5248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/jaeser.v5i4.5248","url":null,"abstract":"The approach that contributes to the development of eco-materials in construction is the use of mineral powders, which can improve mechanical properties and reduce cement consumption. This article aims to study the effect of substitution by mass of cement with mineral powders on the physicomechanical properties and microstructure of sand concretes. The used mineral powders are A: the limestone, B: the natural pozzolan, C: the hydraulic lime, D: (1/3 limestone + 1/3 natural pozzolan + 1/3 hydraulic lime), and E: (1/2 natural pozzolan + 1/2 hydraulic lime). The studied percentages are 5%, 10% and 15%, in both separated and combined states. The studied properties are workability, compressive strength, the elasticity modulus in compression, shrinkage and microstructure analysis. The objective is to target the optimal percentage of the substitution of cement with mineral powders, which ensures the best compromise between the main properties of the studied sand concretes. The obtained results show that the optimal percentage is in favor of the substitution of cement by 10% D (1/3 limestone, 1/3 natural pozzolan and 1/3 hydraulic lime). Even the 15% of mineral powder D, presented similar performances compared to the sand concrete (without mineral powders). Finally, in the context of the development of eco-materials, it should be noted that the 10% D and 15% D (1/3 limestone, 1/3 natural pozzolan and 1/3 hydraulic lime) contribute to decrease the use of cement and consequently to reduce of CO2 emissions.","PeriodicalId":292984,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Environment & Structural Engineering Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122892592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-28DOI: 10.30564/jaeser.v5i4.5073
Yinghua Li, Jun yong He, Xiaoqing Zeng, Yanxing Tang
Overloads of vehicle may cause damage to bridge structures, and how to assess the safety influence of heavy vehicles crossing the prototype bridge is one of the challenges. In this report, using a large amount of monitored data collected from the structural health monitoring system (SHMS) in service of the prototype bridge, of which the bridge type is large-span continuous rigid frame bridge, and adopting FEM simulation technique, we suggested a dynamic reliability assessment method in the report to assess the safety impact of heavy vehicles on the prototype bridge during operation. In the first place, by using the health monitored strain data, of which the selected monitored data time range is before the opening of traffic, the quasi dynamic reliability around the embedded sensor with no traffic load effects is obtained; then, with FEM technology, the FEM simulation model of one main span of the prototype bridge is built by using ANSYS software and then the dynamic reliability when the heavy vehicles crossing the prototype bridge corresponding to the middle-span web plate is comprehensively analyzed and discussed. At last, assuming that the main beam stress state change is in the stage of approximately linear elasticity under heavy vehicle loads impact, the authors got the impact level of heavy vehicles effects on the dynamic reliability of the prototype bridge. Based on a large number of field measured data, the dynamic reliability value calculated by our proposed methodology is more accurate. The method suggested in the paper can do good for not only the traffic management but also the damage analysis of bridges.
{"title":"Dynamic Reliability Assessment of Heavy Vehicle Crossing a Prototype Bridge Deck by Using Simulation Technology and Health Monitoring Data","authors":"Yinghua Li, Jun yong He, Xiaoqing Zeng, Yanxing Tang","doi":"10.30564/jaeser.v5i4.5073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/jaeser.v5i4.5073","url":null,"abstract":"Overloads of vehicle may cause damage to bridge structures, and how to assess the safety influence of heavy vehicles crossing the prototype bridge is one of the challenges. In this report, using a large amount of monitored data collected from the structural health monitoring system (SHMS) in service of the prototype bridge, of which the bridge type is large-span continuous rigid frame bridge, and adopting FEM simulation technique, we suggested a dynamic reliability assessment method in the report to assess the safety impact of heavy vehicles on the prototype bridge during operation. In the first place, by using the health monitored strain data, of which the selected monitored data time range is before the opening of traffic, the quasi dynamic reliability around the embedded sensor with no traffic load effects is obtained; then, with FEM technology, the FEM simulation model of one main span of the prototype bridge is built by using ANSYS software and then the dynamic reliability when the heavy vehicles crossing the prototype bridge corresponding to the middle-span web plate is comprehensively analyzed and discussed. At last, assuming that the main beam stress state change is in the stage of approximately linear elasticity under heavy vehicle loads impact, the authors got the impact level of heavy vehicles effects on the dynamic reliability of the prototype bridge. Based on a large number of field measured data, the dynamic reliability value calculated by our proposed methodology is more accurate. The method suggested in the paper can do good for not only the traffic management but also the damage analysis of bridges.","PeriodicalId":292984,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Environment & Structural Engineering Research","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131029922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-28DOI: 10.30564/jaeser.v5i4.5028
J. M. F. Lima, Geraldo José Belmonte dos Santos, P. L. Lima
The prediction of the behavior of reinforced concrete beams under bending is essential for the perfect design of these elements. Usually, the classical models do not incorporate the physical nonlinear behavior of concrete under tension and compression, which can underestimate the deformations in the structural element under short and long-term loads. In the present work, a variational formulation based on the Finite Element Method is presented to predict the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete beams. The physical nonlinearity due cracking of concrete is considered by utilization of damage concept in the definition of constitutive models, and the lamination theory it is used in discretization of section cross of beams. In the layered approach, the reinforced concrete element is formulated as a laminated composite that consists of thin layers, of concrete or steel that has been modeled as elasticperfectly plastic material. The comparison of numerical load-displacement results with experimental results found in the literature demonstrates a good approximation of the model and validates the application of the damage model in the Classical Laminate Theory to predict mechanical failure of reinforced concrete beam. The results obtained by the numerical model indicated a variation in the stress–strain behavior of each beam, while for under-reinforced beams, the compressive stresses did not reach the peak stress but the stress–strain behavior was observed in the nonlinear regime at failure, for the other beams, the concrete had reached its ultimate strain, and the beam’s neutral axis was close to the centroid of the cross-section.
{"title":"Failure Evaluation of Reinforced Concrete Beams Using Damage Mechanics and Classical Laminate Theory","authors":"J. M. F. Lima, Geraldo José Belmonte dos Santos, P. L. Lima","doi":"10.30564/jaeser.v5i4.5028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/jaeser.v5i4.5028","url":null,"abstract":"The prediction of the behavior of reinforced concrete beams under bending is essential for the perfect design of these elements. Usually, the classical models do not incorporate the physical nonlinear behavior of concrete under tension and compression, which can underestimate the deformations in the structural element under short and long-term loads. In the present work, a variational formulation based on the Finite Element Method is presented to predict the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete beams. The physical nonlinearity due cracking of concrete is considered by utilization of damage concept in the definition of constitutive models, and the lamination theory it is used in discretization of section cross of beams. In the layered approach, the reinforced concrete element is formulated as a laminated composite that consists of thin layers, of concrete or steel that has been modeled as elasticperfectly plastic material. The comparison of numerical load-displacement results with experimental results found in the literature demonstrates a good approximation of the model and validates the application of the damage model in the Classical Laminate Theory to predict mechanical failure of reinforced concrete beam. The results obtained by the numerical model indicated a variation in the stress–strain behavior of each beam, while for under-reinforced beams, the compressive stresses did not reach the peak stress but the stress–strain behavior was observed in the nonlinear regime at failure, for the other beams, the concrete had reached its ultimate strain, and the beam’s neutral axis was close to the centroid of the cross-section.","PeriodicalId":292984,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Environment & Structural Engineering Research","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130491049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-11DOI: 10.30564/jaeser.v5i3.4985
N. Braxtan, J. Núñez, Shen-En Chen, Tiefu Zhao, Lynn Harris, D. Cook
Lithium ion batteries (LIB) can rupture and result in thermal runaway and battery fires. In the process of transporting lithium ion batteries using trains, the massive collection of batteries can cause train fire and pose significant danger to the public. This is especially critical when the fire occurs amid a heavily populated metropolitan environment. This paper reports the 3D analysis of a warehouse with possible train fire due to LIB rupture and the fire propagation at a rail yard. Six critical fire cases with the battery train in close vicinity to the warehouse were considered. The six fire cases are the worst-case scenarios of a Monte Carlo simulation of different fire cases that may occur to an actual steel storage facility at the Capital Railyard, Raleigh, North Carolina. A 3D finite element (FE) frame model was constructed for the steel warehouse and the most critical fire cases were simulated. The results indicated that several structural components of the warehouse would experience large stresses and deflections during the simulated battery fires and resulting in instability to the structure. Specifically, members of the roof frame represent the most critical elements and that the members can result in large deformations as early as 4 minutes after the fire starts. Furthermore, effective utilization of fire protection can delay somewhat the fire effects and extend time to failure to 45 minutes and in one of the simulated cases, prevent structural instability. Thus, fire from LIB waste transport using train is a very realistic problem due to the thermal runaway, and the analysis performed in current study can be used as a preventive investigation technique for buildings that may be exposed to the train fire risk.
{"title":"3D Simulation of Battery Fire on a Large Steel Frame Structure due to Depleted Battery Piles","authors":"N. Braxtan, J. Núñez, Shen-En Chen, Tiefu Zhao, Lynn Harris, D. Cook","doi":"10.30564/jaeser.v5i3.4985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/jaeser.v5i3.4985","url":null,"abstract":"Lithium ion batteries (LIB) can rupture and result in thermal runaway and battery fires. In the process of transporting lithium ion batteries using trains, the massive collection of batteries can cause train fire and pose significant danger to the public. This is especially critical when the fire occurs amid a heavily populated metropolitan environment. This paper reports the 3D analysis of a warehouse with possible train fire due to LIB rupture and the fire propagation at a rail yard. Six critical fire cases with the battery train in close vicinity to the warehouse were considered. The six fire cases are the worst-case scenarios of a Monte Carlo simulation of different fire cases that may occur to an actual steel storage facility at the Capital Railyard, Raleigh, North Carolina. A 3D finite element (FE) frame model was constructed for the steel warehouse and the most critical fire cases were simulated. The results indicated that several structural components of the warehouse would experience large stresses and deflections during the simulated battery fires and resulting in instability to the structure. Specifically, members of the roof frame represent the most critical elements and that the members can result in large deformations as early as 4 minutes after the fire starts. Furthermore, effective utilization of fire protection can delay somewhat the fire effects and extend time to failure to 45 minutes and in one of the simulated cases, prevent structural instability. Thus, fire from LIB waste transport using train is a very realistic problem due to the thermal runaway, and the analysis performed in current study can be used as a preventive investigation technique for buildings that may be exposed to the train fire risk.","PeriodicalId":292984,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Environment & Structural Engineering Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115513033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-05DOI: 10.30564/jaeser.v5i3.4871
Shahram Salimi Sotoudeh
Aims: Pandemics have brought about new conditions to today’s life and designing well-buildings is now a priority. However, having a peek at the prior studies reveals that the most important issue in this area is the disharmony among the different elements of well-buildings. The main objective of this article is addressing the complexities of studying all requirements of such buildings. Methods: The main means of undertaking this research are case studies, indeed. First, the ten selected cases will be analyzed by means of the theoretical framework of this research. Then, the results shall be discussed based upon the fundamental design theory, and finally practical resolutions will be suggested. Findings: Seven fundamental elements including Air, Water, Nourishment, Light, Fitness, Comfort, and Mind are all simply achievable separately; however, an analysis of the case studies has revealed that gathering them all together would not be an easy task to undertake. Conclusions: This study has revealed that the problem of mingling and uniting these seven principal elements is serious and it is rather difficult to put together such elements, simultaneously. Finally, design approach to the very principles is the most important suggestion of this study since it is clear that in the world of architecture, unification is of high importance. Therefore, the secret to the beauty of healthy architecture is the unification of design of all the elements
{"title":"Analysis and Assessment of Selected Iranian Contemporary Buildings by Well-Building Criteria","authors":"Shahram Salimi Sotoudeh","doi":"10.30564/jaeser.v5i3.4871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/jaeser.v5i3.4871","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: Pandemics have brought about new conditions to today’s life and designing well-buildings is now a priority. However, having a peek at the prior studies reveals that the most important issue in this area is the disharmony among the different elements of well-buildings. The main objective of this article is addressing the complexities of studying all requirements of such buildings. Methods: The main means of undertaking this research are case studies, indeed. First, the ten selected cases will be analyzed by means of the theoretical framework of this research. Then, the results shall be discussed based upon the fundamental design theory, and finally practical resolutions will be suggested. Findings: Seven fundamental elements including Air, Water, Nourishment, Light, Fitness, Comfort, and Mind are all simply achievable separately; however, an analysis of the case studies has revealed that gathering them all together would not be an easy task to undertake. Conclusions: This study has revealed that the problem of mingling and uniting these seven principal elements is serious and it is rather difficult to put together such elements, simultaneously. Finally, design approach to the very principles is the most important suggestion of this study since it is clear that in the world of architecture, unification is of high importance. Therefore, the secret to the beauty of healthy architecture is the unification of design of all the elements","PeriodicalId":292984,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Environment & Structural Engineering Research","volume":"141 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124495303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.30564/jaeser.v5i3.4794
Hadee Mohammed Najm, Shakeel Ahmad, R. A. Khan
Combining different types of fibers inside a concrete mixture was revealed to improve the strength properties of cementitious matrices by monitoring crack initiation and propagation. The contribution of hybrid fibers needs to be thoroughly investigated, considering various parameters such as fibers type and content. The present study aims to carry out some mechanical and microstructural characteristics of Waste Ceramic Optimal Concrete (WOC) reinforced by hybrid fibers. Reinforcement materials consist of three different fiber types: hook-ended steel fiber (HK), crimped steel fiber (CR) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers and the effect of their addition on the waste ceramic composites’ mechanical behaviour. Furthermore, a microstructural analysis was carried out to understand the waste ceramic matrix composition and its bonding to hybrid fibers. Results showed that the addition of hybrid fibers improved the strength characteristics of the ceramic waste composites. For instance, the existence of PVA-CR increased the tensile and flexural strength of the waste ceramic composite by 85.44% and 70.37%, respectively, with respect to the control sample (WOC). As well as hybrid fiber exhibits improved morphological properties as a result of increased pore filling with dense and compact structure, as well as increased C–H crystals and denser structure in pastes as a result of the incorporation of hybrid fibers into the concrete mix. The present experimental research shows the choice of using steel fiber with PVA as a reinforcement material. The idea of adding hybrid fiber is to prepare the economic, environmental, and technological concrete. Moreover, it offers a possibility for improving concrete’s durability, which is vital. Finally, it was concluded that steel fiber is more durable, and stiffer and provides adequate first crack strength and ultimate strength. In contrast, the PVA fiber is relatively flexible and improves the post-crack zone’s toughness and strain capacity.
{"title":"Mechanical and Microstructural Analysis of Waste Ceramic Optimal Concrete Reinforced by Hybrid Fibers Materials: A Comprehensive Study","authors":"Hadee Mohammed Najm, Shakeel Ahmad, R. A. Khan","doi":"10.30564/jaeser.v5i3.4794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/jaeser.v5i3.4794","url":null,"abstract":"Combining different types of fibers inside a concrete mixture was revealed to improve the strength properties of cementitious matrices by monitoring crack initiation and propagation. The contribution of hybrid fibers needs to be thoroughly investigated, considering various parameters such as fibers type and content. The present study aims to carry out some mechanical and microstructural characteristics of Waste Ceramic Optimal Concrete (WOC) reinforced by hybrid fibers. Reinforcement materials consist of three different fiber types: hook-ended steel fiber (HK), crimped steel fiber (CR) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers and the effect of their addition on the waste ceramic composites’ mechanical behaviour. Furthermore, a microstructural analysis was carried out to understand the waste ceramic matrix composition and its bonding to hybrid fibers. Results showed that the addition of hybrid fibers improved the strength characteristics of the ceramic waste composites. For instance, the existence of PVA-CR increased the tensile and flexural strength of the waste ceramic composite by 85.44% and 70.37%, respectively, with respect to the control sample (WOC). As well as hybrid fiber exhibits improved morphological properties as a result of increased pore filling with dense and compact structure, as well as increased C–H crystals and denser structure in pastes as a result of the incorporation of hybrid fibers into the concrete mix. The present experimental research shows the choice of using steel fiber with PVA as a reinforcement material. The idea of adding hybrid fiber is to prepare the economic, environmental, and technological concrete. Moreover, it offers a possibility for improving concrete’s durability, which is vital. Finally, it was concluded that steel fiber is more durable, and stiffer and provides adequate first crack strength and ultimate strength. In contrast, the PVA fiber is relatively flexible and improves the post-crack zone’s toughness and strain capacity.","PeriodicalId":292984,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Environment & Structural Engineering Research","volume":"127 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131650120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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