Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.52131/jmps.2021.0201.00015
Humaira Akhtar Shahia, M. S. Shifa, Zeshan Mehboob, Muhammad Hashim, Faseeh Ur Raheem
Structural properties of Zr-Al substituted M-type of barium hexaferrites, having compositions Ba1-xZr0.5xAl0.3Fe11.7O19, (x= 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5) are studied, which were synthesized by using co-precipitation method. These prepared samples are characterized by X-RAY diffraction (XRD) to confirm hexaferrites structure. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is used to make tetrahedral (higher frequency band) and octahedral (lower frequency band) clusters of metal oxides in hexaferrites and confirmed the formation of hexaferrites structure. (FESEM) Field emission scanning electron microscopy was used to give micrographs to show that grains are platelet like shaped, which agrees very well with hexaferrites structure. The particle morphology is observed to be porous and non-uniform. The grain size is decreased initially, and then increased with Zirconium additions. Scherer’s formula is applied to calculate particle size, which is observed to change in the range of 18.86 nm-9.43 nm. The grains are bounded together due to interfacial surface tension forces. The optical properties are also studied by UV Vis spectrometer to find the energy band gap, in the range of 2.09ev - 5.15ev and absorbance peak having the range 237.9nm - 252.13nm. This change in energy band gap and absorbance peak is due to the change in the grain size on the zirconium substitution.
{"title":"Characterization of Zr-Al Substituted M-Type Barium Hexaferrite Synthesized by Co-Precipitation Method","authors":"Humaira Akhtar Shahia, M. S. Shifa, Zeshan Mehboob, Muhammad Hashim, Faseeh Ur Raheem","doi":"10.52131/jmps.2021.0201.00015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52131/jmps.2021.0201.00015","url":null,"abstract":"Structural properties of Zr-Al substituted M-type of barium hexaferrites, having compositions Ba1-xZr0.5xAl0.3Fe11.7O19, (x= 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5) are studied, which were synthesized by using co-precipitation method. These prepared samples are characterized by X-RAY diffraction (XRD) to confirm hexaferrites structure. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is used to make tetrahedral (higher frequency band) and octahedral (lower frequency band) clusters of metal oxides in hexaferrites and confirmed the formation of hexaferrites structure. (FESEM) Field emission scanning electron microscopy was used to give micrographs to show that grains are platelet like shaped, which agrees very well with hexaferrites structure. The particle morphology is observed to be porous and non-uniform. The grain size is decreased initially, and then increased with Zirconium additions. Scherer’s formula is applied to calculate particle size, which is observed to change in the range of 18.86 nm-9.43 nm. The grains are bounded together due to interfacial surface tension forces. The optical properties are also studied by UV Vis spectrometer to find the energy band gap, in the range of 2.09ev - 5.15ev and absorbance peak having the range 237.9nm - 252.13nm. This change in energy band gap and absorbance peak is due to the change in the grain size on the zirconium substitution.","PeriodicalId":293021,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials and Physical Sciences","volume":"212 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117298282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.52131/jmps.2021.0201.0011
M. Mumtaz, G. Murtaza
To improve the mechanical and corrosion resistance of AZ91D magnesium alloy, carbon ion implantation technique has been carried out using 2 MV Pelletron accelerator on the polished magnesium alloy surface. Vickers hardness test, particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and corrosion tests are employed to analyse the properties. Vickers hardness tests revealed the improvement in surface hardness which we infer is due to the enhancement in dislocation density, as a consequence of carbon ion implantation with varied dose from 1.26×1013 to 8.4×1014 ions-cm-2. That is, the increase in hardness is directly related to the ion dose, variation in lattice parameters, crystallite size, and change in peak intensity, all due to the increase in ion fluence. The non-destructive elemental analysis, PIXE, gave the elemental profile before and after ion implantation. SEM results indicated that singly ionized carbon ion implantation has modified the surface of AZ91D Mg-alloy. XRD results showed that the unexposed and treated samples include ?-Mg and ?-Mg17Al12 phases. XRD results also revealed that after the carbon ion implantation the diffraction peak position and intensity of all the phases shifted. The corrosion tests were carried out using two methods, namely, weight loss method and electrochemical test. The results guided that for a higher dose of ion implantation, the corrosion resistance increased and loss of mass of exposed surface of specimens decreased, which reflect the enhancement of corrosion resistance.
{"title":"Enhancement in Corrosion Resistance and Hardness of AZ91D Magnesium Alloy by Carbon Ion Implantation","authors":"M. Mumtaz, G. Murtaza","doi":"10.52131/jmps.2021.0201.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52131/jmps.2021.0201.0011","url":null,"abstract":"To improve the mechanical and corrosion resistance of AZ91D magnesium alloy, carbon ion implantation technique has been carried out using 2 MV Pelletron accelerator on the polished magnesium alloy surface. Vickers hardness test, particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and corrosion tests are employed to analyse the properties. Vickers hardness tests revealed the improvement in surface hardness which we infer is due to the enhancement in dislocation density, as a consequence of carbon ion implantation with varied dose from 1.26×1013 to 8.4×1014 ions-cm-2. That is, the increase in hardness is directly related to the ion dose, variation in lattice parameters, crystallite size, and change in peak intensity, all due to the increase in ion fluence. The non-destructive elemental analysis, PIXE, gave the elemental profile before and after ion implantation. SEM results indicated that singly ionized carbon ion implantation has modified the surface of AZ91D Mg-alloy. XRD results showed that the unexposed and treated samples include ?-Mg and ?-Mg17Al12 phases. XRD results also revealed that after the carbon ion implantation the diffraction peak position and intensity of all the phases shifted. The corrosion tests were carried out using two methods, namely, weight loss method and electrochemical test. The results guided that for a higher dose of ion implantation, the corrosion resistance increased and loss of mass of exposed surface of specimens decreased, which reflect the enhancement of corrosion resistance.","PeriodicalId":293021,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials and Physical Sciences","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124408039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.52131/jmps.2021.0201.0014
Muhammad Waqar, A. I. Aljameel
Nano ferrites crystals of Ni0.4Co0.6NdxFe2-xO4 for 0.00 ? x ? 0.08 with step size of 0.02 were synthesized by sol gel technique with annealing at 950 oC for 6 hours. Spinel phase along with a secondary phase for Nd concentration x ? 0.04 due to formation of NdFeO3 was observed in XRD patterns. Lattice constant and grain size were found in decreasing trend with increasing concentration of Nd as compared to that of undoped nickel cobalt ferrites. X-ray density and porosity both were increased with increasing concentration of neodymium. Two characteristics frequency bands were observed in the range of 400cm-1 to 550 cm-1 which showed successful formation of spinel structure. It is also the evidence of metal-oxygen bonding at octahedral and tetrahedral sites in spinel ferrites. Also, bands for carbon-hydrogen, carboxyl group, carbon-oxygen stretching and iron-cobalt alloys were observed in the FTIR spectra. By using these values of characteristics frequencies, octahedral and tetrahedral radii were calculated and found in decreasing trend with increasing concentration. Force constants are increasing with increase in neodymium concentration. Saturation magnetization, coercivity and remanence values were calculated from the M-H loops. Saturation magnetization showed the decreasing behavior with increase in neodymium concentration. Coercivity showed increasing values as compared to the base sample and also showing reciprocal relation with saturation magnetization. Magnetic moment is decreasing with increase in neodymium concentration.
{"title":"Structural Elucidation and Magnetic Behavior Evaluation of Nd-doped Nickel-Cobalt Spinel Ferrites","authors":"Muhammad Waqar, A. I. Aljameel","doi":"10.52131/jmps.2021.0201.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52131/jmps.2021.0201.0014","url":null,"abstract":"Nano ferrites crystals of Ni0.4Co0.6NdxFe2-xO4 for 0.00 ? x ? 0.08 with step size of 0.02 were synthesized by sol gel technique with annealing at 950 oC for 6 hours. Spinel phase along with a secondary phase for Nd concentration x ? 0.04 due to formation of NdFeO3 was observed in XRD patterns. Lattice constant and grain size were found in decreasing trend with increasing concentration of Nd as compared to that of undoped nickel cobalt ferrites. X-ray density and porosity both were increased with increasing concentration of neodymium. Two characteristics frequency bands were observed in the range of 400cm-1 to 550 cm-1 which showed successful formation of spinel structure. It is also the evidence of metal-oxygen bonding at octahedral and tetrahedral sites in spinel ferrites. Also, bands for carbon-hydrogen, carboxyl group, carbon-oxygen stretching and iron-cobalt alloys were observed in the FTIR spectra. By using these values of characteristics frequencies, octahedral and tetrahedral radii were calculated and found in decreasing trend with increasing concentration. Force constants are increasing with increase in neodymium concentration. Saturation magnetization, coercivity and remanence values were calculated from the M-H loops. Saturation magnetization showed the decreasing behavior with increase in neodymium concentration. Coercivity showed increasing values as compared to the base sample and also showing reciprocal relation with saturation magnetization. Magnetic moment is decreasing with increase in neodymium concentration.","PeriodicalId":293021,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials and Physical Sciences","volume":"192 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114477413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.52131/jmps.2020.0102.0009
Gulfam Nasar, Muhammad Ishfaq, F. Ahmad, Shahbaz Nazir, Faseeh Ur Raheem
Terbium doped magnesium spinel ferrites (Mg1-xTbxFe2O4) with composition x=0.12, 0.14, 0.16, 0.18 were synthesized via micro-emulsion method followed by synthesis of PVA/Mg1-xTbxFe2O4 composites using in-situ polymerization technique. The structural properties were evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR). XRD analysis confirmed the construction of spinel lattice of terbium ferrite whereas FTIR revealed the interactions between ferrite nanoparticles and polyvinyl alcohol matrix. The XRD and FTIR results quite matched with the reported literature. The dielectric and resistivity analyses were performed by determining dielectric parameters and current-voltage measurements. The values of dielectric constant, dielectric loss and tan ? were found to be inversely proportional to the frequency under the ambient electric field at room temperature but became constant at higher frequency values. The lower values of dielectric constant of terbium incorporated magnesium ferrite polymer composites (MgFe2O4/PVA) are attributed to hindrance in ‘electron exchange mechanism’ created by lockup between iron and terbium ions. The resistivity values of all the composites were found from 2.5x109 ?cm to 18.8x109 ?cm which showed a non- linear behavior.
{"title":"Magnesium Ferrite/Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Nanocomposites: Fabrication and Characterization","authors":"Gulfam Nasar, Muhammad Ishfaq, F. Ahmad, Shahbaz Nazir, Faseeh Ur Raheem","doi":"10.52131/jmps.2020.0102.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52131/jmps.2020.0102.0009","url":null,"abstract":"Terbium doped magnesium spinel ferrites (Mg1-xTbxFe2O4) with composition x=0.12, 0.14, 0.16, 0.18 were synthesized via micro-emulsion method followed by synthesis of PVA/Mg1-xTbxFe2O4 composites using in-situ polymerization technique. The structural properties were evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR). XRD analysis confirmed the construction of spinel lattice of terbium ferrite whereas FTIR revealed the interactions between ferrite nanoparticles and polyvinyl alcohol matrix. The XRD and FTIR results quite matched with the reported literature. The dielectric and resistivity analyses were performed by determining dielectric parameters and current-voltage measurements. The values of dielectric constant, dielectric loss and tan ? were found to be inversely proportional to the frequency under the ambient electric field at room temperature but became constant at higher frequency values. The lower values of dielectric constant of terbium incorporated magnesium ferrite polymer composites (MgFe2O4/PVA) are attributed to hindrance in ‘electron exchange mechanism’ created by lockup between iron and terbium ions. The resistivity values of all the composites were found from 2.5x109 ?cm to 18.8x109 ?cm which showed a non- linear behavior.","PeriodicalId":293021,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials and Physical Sciences","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125983259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.52131/jmps.2020.0102.0006
Atiq Ur Rehman, Mukhtar Ahmad
In this study, a composite of cerium doped magnesium ferrite (MgCexFe2-xO4 , x= 0.1) and banana peel powder was prepared by hydrothermal method. Crystal structure and phase identification, chemical bonding, and magnetic properties were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and vibrating sample magnetometery (VSM), respectively. XRD results reveal that the prepared ferrite exhibits single phase face centered cubic (fcc) structure having no impurity in the sample. Addition of banana peel powder has no effect on the crystal structure. The values of structural parameters greatly match with the earlier reported values for the same structure. FTIR results clearly indicate that the prepared ferrite is spinel and have well defined vibrational and stretching peaks due to different molecules present in the compound. Coercivity values for both ferrite and composite materials are found to be a few hundred Oersted which confirm the soft magnetic nature of this ferrite. The observed parameters show that the prepared composite may find technological application for microwave absorption and multi-layer chip inductors.
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Rare Earth (Ce) Substituted Magnesium Ferrite MgCe0.1Fe1.9O4 and Banana Peel BPMgCe0.1Fe1.9O4","authors":"Atiq Ur Rehman, Mukhtar Ahmad","doi":"10.52131/jmps.2020.0102.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52131/jmps.2020.0102.0006","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a composite of cerium doped magnesium ferrite (MgCexFe2-xO4 , x= 0.1) and banana peel powder was prepared by hydrothermal method. Crystal structure and phase identification, chemical bonding, and magnetic properties were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and vibrating sample magnetometery (VSM), respectively. XRD results reveal that the prepared ferrite exhibits single phase face centered cubic (fcc) structure having no impurity in the sample. Addition of banana peel powder has no effect on the crystal structure. The values of structural parameters greatly match with the earlier reported values for the same structure. FTIR results clearly indicate that the prepared ferrite is spinel and have well defined vibrational and stretching peaks due to different molecules present in the compound. Coercivity values for both ferrite and composite materials are found to be a few hundred Oersted which confirm the soft magnetic nature of this ferrite. The observed parameters show that the prepared composite may find technological application for microwave absorption and multi-layer chip inductors.","PeriodicalId":293021,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials and Physical Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115873768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.52131/jmps.2020.0102.0007
Z. A. Gilani, A. Ahmed, H. U. H. K. Khan Asghar, Muhammad Khalid
Cerium substituted BaM hexaferrites BaCexFe12-xO19 (x = 0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0) nano crystallites were synthesized via Sol-gel method. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were analyzed by Rietveld refinement which confirms the formation of hexagonal structure. The crystalline size was calculated by Debye Scherrer method, W–H method and SSP method. The lattice constant ? found to decrease, this was due to the octahedral site replacing a large radius of Ce3+ ion with a smaller radius Fe3+ ion, While the lattice constant c found increase. The x-ray density observed increases with increasing Ce3+ concentration. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the two frequency bands n1 tetrahedral site and n2 octahedral site in a range between 400–620 cm-1. Impedance analyzer was used to investigate the dielectric properties in a range of 1 MHz – 3 GHz following Maxwell Wagner model. Dielectric constant showed decreasing trend while dielectric loss showed dispersive behavior by increasing frequency and same was that with tangent loss, such behavior was due to Koop's phenomenological theory. AC conductivity exhibits a plane behavior in a low frequency, while dispersive in high frequency. Such behavior was due to grain effect at high frequency. Impedance showed continuous action at high frequency, which is attributed to the release of space charges. The real and imaginary modulus showed variation by increasing frequency, which was due to the occurrence of relaxation phenomenon. As per dielectric research, these ferrites can be utilized in high frequency devices, microwave technologies, and semiconductor devices.
{"title":"Doping Effect and Microstructure Behavior of Rare-Earth Element Cerium (Ce+3) in Barium Hexaferrite (BaCexFe12-xO19) Nanoparticles","authors":"Z. A. Gilani, A. Ahmed, H. U. H. K. Khan Asghar, Muhammad Khalid","doi":"10.52131/jmps.2020.0102.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52131/jmps.2020.0102.0007","url":null,"abstract":"Cerium substituted BaM hexaferrites BaCexFe12-xO19 (x = 0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0) nano crystallites were synthesized via Sol-gel method. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were analyzed by Rietveld refinement which confirms the formation of hexagonal structure. The crystalline size was calculated by Debye Scherrer method, W–H method and SSP method. The lattice constant ? found to decrease, this was due to the octahedral site replacing a large radius of Ce3+ ion with a smaller radius Fe3+ ion, While the lattice constant c found increase. The x-ray density observed increases with increasing Ce3+ concentration. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the two frequency bands n1 tetrahedral site and n2 octahedral site in a range between 400–620 cm-1. Impedance analyzer was used to investigate the dielectric properties in a range of 1 MHz – 3 GHz following Maxwell Wagner model. Dielectric constant showed decreasing trend while dielectric loss showed dispersive behavior by increasing frequency and same was that with tangent loss, such behavior was due to Koop's phenomenological theory. AC conductivity exhibits a plane behavior in a low frequency, while dispersive in high frequency. Such behavior was due to grain effect at high frequency. Impedance showed continuous action at high frequency, which is attributed to the release of space charges. The real and imaginary modulus showed variation by increasing frequency, which was due to the occurrence of relaxation phenomenon. As per dielectric research, these ferrites can be utilized in high frequency devices, microwave technologies, and semiconductor devices.","PeriodicalId":293021,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials and Physical Sciences","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117040799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.52131/jmps.2020.0102.0008
U. Rehman, K. Mahmood, A. Ali, S. Ikram
In this manuscript, we compared the thermoelectric properties of ZnO and ZnSnO thin films grown on silicon (100) substrate. We have evaporated Zn and Sn+Zn metal powders were evaporated in vacuum tube furnace alternatively, under same experimental conditions for the growth of ZnO and ZTO respectively. After the deposition, these grown films were cut into pieces and post growth annealed at different annealing temperatures from 600oC to 800oC in the air using programmable muffle furnace. Seebeck and Hall data suggested that ZTO sample shows highest value of Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity and power factor as compared to the ZnO samples. It is also observed that the value of Seebeck coefficient showing an increasing trend for both of the samples as we increase the post growth annealing temperature. The higher thermoelectric properties for ZTO are due the presence of Sn atoms in ZnO structure. Tin dopants may generate secondary phases and/or enhanced the carrier mobility which might be the reason that ZTO has improved thermo-electric properties as compared to ZnO. XRD and Raman measurements were used to confirm the formation of ZTO. XRD data verified the hexagonal structure of ZnO but a slight red shift is observed for the case of ZTO samples. To further justify our argument, we have also performed Raman spectroscopy measurements which confirmed the presence of Sn elements in ZTO.
{"title":"Comparison of Thermoelectric Properties of ZnO and ZnSnO Thin Films Grown on Si Substrate by Thermal Evaporation","authors":"U. Rehman, K. Mahmood, A. Ali, S. Ikram","doi":"10.52131/jmps.2020.0102.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52131/jmps.2020.0102.0008","url":null,"abstract":"In this manuscript, we compared the thermoelectric properties of ZnO and ZnSnO thin films grown on silicon (100) substrate. We have evaporated Zn and Sn+Zn metal powders were evaporated in vacuum tube furnace alternatively, under same experimental conditions for the growth of ZnO and ZTO respectively. After the deposition, these grown films were cut into pieces and post growth annealed at different annealing temperatures from 600oC to 800oC in the air using programmable muffle furnace. Seebeck and Hall data suggested that ZTO sample shows highest value of Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity and power factor as compared to the ZnO samples. It is also observed that the value of Seebeck coefficient showing an increasing trend for both of the samples as we increase the post growth annealing temperature. The higher thermoelectric properties for ZTO are due the presence of Sn atoms in ZnO structure. Tin dopants may generate secondary phases and/or enhanced the carrier mobility which might be the reason that ZTO has improved thermo-electric properties as compared to ZnO. XRD and Raman measurements were used to confirm the formation of ZTO. XRD data verified the hexagonal structure of ZnO but a slight red shift is observed for the case of ZTO samples. To further justify our argument, we have also performed Raman spectroscopy measurements which confirmed the presence of Sn elements in ZTO.","PeriodicalId":293021,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials and Physical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131394357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.52131/jmps.2020.0102.0010
H. U. H. K. Khan Asghar, Muhammad Kamran Nawaz, R. Hussain, Z. A. Gilani
Spinel ferrites nanoparticles are plays important role in our daily life. Praseodymium doped Nickel Zinc Ferrite Nanoparticles having general formula Ni0.3Zn0.7PrxFe2-xO4 (x=0.00, 0.025, 0.050, 0.075 and 0.1) were synthesized by microemulsion method. X-Ray diffraction (XRD) was used to find different parameters of crystalline size. The development of the FCC spinel structure was observed by XRD data. The most intense peak of the XRD was identified at 2?=35º.From Debye sherrer's formula, calculated the crystalline size 15nm to 29nm ranges. The lattice constant calculations are decreased with the doping of Praseodymium (Pr3+) contents. The x-ray density increases as the concentration of Praseodymium (Pr3+) doping increases, Because Praseodymium (Pr3+) ion has a greater molar weight than Fe3+ ion. The Absorption band spectra are analyzed by using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).The absorption bands ?1 is known as octahedral stretching bands were found to be in the range of 414 cm-1 and ?2 is the tetrahedral stretching band were found to be in the range of 530cm-1.Dielectric properties of Praseodymium doped Nickel-Zinc Ferrite were measured with impedance Analyzer in the frequency of 1 MHz to 3 GHz range. When Pr3+content concentration increases, the dielectric characteristics, such as dielectric constant, dielectric loss, and tangent loss were also decreased. These measured dielectric characteristics showed that these nanomaterials may be used in higher frequencies devices.
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Praseodymium Doped Nickel Zinc Ferrites using Microemulsion Method","authors":"H. U. H. K. Khan Asghar, Muhammad Kamran Nawaz, R. Hussain, Z. A. Gilani","doi":"10.52131/jmps.2020.0102.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52131/jmps.2020.0102.0010","url":null,"abstract":"Spinel ferrites nanoparticles are plays important role in our daily life. Praseodymium doped Nickel Zinc Ferrite Nanoparticles having general formula Ni0.3Zn0.7PrxFe2-xO4 (x=0.00, 0.025, 0.050, 0.075 and 0.1) were synthesized by microemulsion method. X-Ray diffraction (XRD) was used to find different parameters of crystalline size. The development of the FCC spinel structure was observed by XRD data. The most intense peak of the XRD was identified at 2?=35º.From Debye sherrer's formula, calculated the crystalline size 15nm to 29nm ranges. The lattice constant calculations are decreased with the doping of Praseodymium (Pr3+) contents. The x-ray density increases as the concentration of Praseodymium (Pr3+) doping increases, Because Praseodymium (Pr3+) ion has a greater molar weight than Fe3+ ion. The Absorption band spectra are analyzed by using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).The absorption bands ?1 is known as octahedral stretching bands were found to be in the range of 414 cm-1 and ?2 is the tetrahedral stretching band were found to be in the range of 530cm-1.Dielectric properties of Praseodymium doped Nickel-Zinc Ferrite were measured with impedance Analyzer in the frequency of 1 MHz to 3 GHz range. When Pr3+content concentration increases, the dielectric characteristics, such as dielectric constant, dielectric loss, and tangent loss were also decreased. These measured dielectric characteristics showed that these nanomaterials may be used in higher frequencies devices.","PeriodicalId":293021,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials and Physical Sciences","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124617528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.52131/jmps.2020.0101.0002
Zeshan Mehboob, M. S. Shifa, Humaira Akhtar Shahia, Muhammad Hashim
Co-Zn ferrites have great magneto-striction, high corrosion resistivity and excellent chemical stability. We can control the ferromagnetic properties and paramagnetic properties of Co-Zn ferrites by changing its particle distribution and particle size. There are different types of techniques are available to synthesis Co-Zn ferrites like co-precipitation, sol gel and auto-combustion method etc. In this research, we will synthesize Co-Zn ferrites by micro-emulsion technique and substitute Ca in it with different composition. XRD results showed that samples were in single phase ferrite. Particle size was between the ranges of 34-14nm. Average lattice constant were 8.11-8.18Ao. FT-IR conform the results obtained by XRD. SEM conform the morphology of the samples and its grain size. Grain size decreased with increased of the concentration of Ca in Co0.6-x-Zn0.CaxFe2O4. TGA results were found in agreement with previous literatures
{"title":"Synthesize and Characterization of Ca Substituted Co-Zn Ferrites by Micro-Emulsion Technique","authors":"Zeshan Mehboob, M. S. Shifa, Humaira Akhtar Shahia, Muhammad Hashim","doi":"10.52131/jmps.2020.0101.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52131/jmps.2020.0101.0002","url":null,"abstract":"Co-Zn ferrites have great magneto-striction, high corrosion resistivity and excellent chemical stability. We can control the ferromagnetic properties and paramagnetic properties of Co-Zn ferrites by changing its particle distribution and particle size. There are different types of techniques are available to synthesis Co-Zn ferrites like co-precipitation, sol gel and auto-combustion method etc. In this research, we will synthesize Co-Zn ferrites by micro-emulsion technique and substitute Ca in it with different composition. XRD results showed that samples were in single phase ferrite. Particle size was between the ranges of 34-14nm. Average lattice constant were 8.11-8.18Ao. FT-IR conform the results obtained by XRD. SEM conform the morphology of the samples and its grain size. Grain size decreased with increased of the concentration of Ca in Co0.6-x-Zn0.CaxFe2O4. TGA results were found in agreement with previous literatures","PeriodicalId":293021,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials and Physical Sciences","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128466927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-670525/v1
Z. A. Gilani, A. Farooq, H. Asghar, M. Khalid, Furhaj Ahmad Shaikh, Siraj ul Islam, M. Tariq, Muhammad Nawaz, Saira Yasmeen
Spinel ferrites nanoparticles play a significant role in our everyday lives. In the current work, La3+ doped Co-Zn ferrites with chemical formula Co0.5Zn0.5LaxFe2−xO4 (x = 0.00 to x = 0.2 with step size 0.04) was effectively prepared by sol gel technique. The formation of FCC spinel structure was confirmed by X-Ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The average crystallite size were calculated to be in the 8 nm to 13 nm range. The lattice parameters were found to be decreased with the doping of lanthanum (La3+) contents. X- Ray density is analyzed to increase as the concentration of (La3+) doping increases, this is due to the fact that La3+ ion has a higher molar weight than Fe3+ ion. The spinel phase structure was affirmed by using FTIR.The two main absorption bands ν1 and ν2 are referred to tetrahedral stretching band and octahedral stretching band respectively, is found to be in the range of at around 400–530 cm− 1. Spinel ferrites, such as Co-Zn spinel ferrites, have dielectric features that make them ideal for use in high-frequency applications. With new potential applications being investigated all the time. Physical properties, synthesis method, as well as sintering temperature and time, are all important factors in regulating the properties of dielectric materials. The dielectric features were measured in the frequency of 1 MHz to 3 GHz range. Lowered dielectric parameters studied across a higher frequency range recommend that such nano crystalline ferrites could be used to fabricate the equipment needed to perform at GHz frequencies.
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Lanthanum doped Co-Zn Spinel Ferrites Nanoparticles by Sol-Gel Auto Combustion Method","authors":"Z. A. Gilani, A. Farooq, H. Asghar, M. Khalid, Furhaj Ahmad Shaikh, Siraj ul Islam, M. Tariq, Muhammad Nawaz, Saira Yasmeen","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-670525/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-670525/v1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Spinel ferrites nanoparticles play a significant role in our everyday lives. In the current work, La3+ doped Co-Zn ferrites with chemical formula Co0.5Zn0.5LaxFe2−xO4 (x = 0.00 to x = 0.2 with step size 0.04) was effectively prepared by sol gel technique. The formation of FCC spinel structure was confirmed by X-Ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The average crystallite size were calculated to be in the 8 nm to 13 nm range. The lattice parameters were found to be decreased with the doping of lanthanum (La3+) contents. X- Ray density is analyzed to increase as the concentration of (La3+) doping increases, this is due to the fact that La3+ ion has a higher molar weight than Fe3+ ion. The spinel phase structure was affirmed by using FTIR.The two main absorption bands ν1 and ν2 are referred to tetrahedral stretching band and octahedral stretching band respectively, is found to be in the range of at around 400–530 cm− 1. Spinel ferrites, such as Co-Zn spinel ferrites, have dielectric features that make them ideal for use in high-frequency applications. With new potential applications being investigated all the time. Physical properties, synthesis method, as well as sintering temperature and time, are all important factors in regulating the properties of dielectric materials. The dielectric features were measured in the frequency of 1 MHz to 3 GHz range. Lowered dielectric parameters studied across a higher frequency range recommend that such nano crystalline ferrites could be used to fabricate the equipment needed to perform at GHz frequencies.","PeriodicalId":293021,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials and Physical Sciences","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126513584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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