Being highly perishable in nature, there is huge amount of losses of fruits and vegetables. After harvest, huge proportion of fresh fruits and vegetables are being damaged and loss worldwide. After the harvesting of horticultural produce, there undergoes various operations like grading, sorting, packaging, transportation, and storage. Lack of proper handling, transportation, storage facilities and unmanaged distribution play major role in marketing loss. There is still traditional marketing existing in Nepal where sellers have to travel long distance for hat bazar. This paper aims to describe the marketing loss and channels of fruits and vegetables. This study fills the knowledge gap of marketing losses of fruits and vegetables. Data were obtained through the related research article, books, and gather information. However, losses can be minimize by proper handling of fruits and vegetables, proper storage facilities, proper transportation facilities, cleaning, grading procedure and good market management. Then, there will be reduction of marketing losses and proper linkage between intermediaries.
{"title":"A REVIEW ON MARKETING LOSS AND CHANNELS OF FRUITS AND VEGETABLES","authors":"Samiksha Upreti, Sristi Thapa, Samridhi Kafle, Prashna Budhathoki","doi":"10.26480/fabm.01.2022.25.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/fabm.01.2022.25.27","url":null,"abstract":"Being highly perishable in nature, there is huge amount of losses of fruits and vegetables. After harvest, huge proportion of fresh fruits and vegetables are being damaged and loss worldwide. After the harvesting of horticultural produce, there undergoes various operations like grading, sorting, packaging, transportation, and storage. Lack of proper handling, transportation, storage facilities and unmanaged distribution play major role in marketing loss. There is still traditional marketing existing in Nepal where sellers have to travel long distance for hat bazar. This paper aims to describe the marketing loss and channels of fruits and vegetables. This study fills the knowledge gap of marketing losses of fruits and vegetables. Data were obtained through the related research article, books, and gather information. However, losses can be minimize by proper handling of fruits and vegetables, proper storage facilities, proper transportation facilities, cleaning, grading procedure and good market management. Then, there will be reduction of marketing losses and proper linkage between intermediaries.","PeriodicalId":293448,"journal":{"name":"FOOD & AGRIBUSINESS MANAGEMENT","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121608841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Though underutilized vegetables are safe, cheap and rich sources of proteins, fibers, minerals, vitamins, and antioxidants; they attract very little attention from the researchers and from the vegetables’ traders. The study was conducted to evaluate the status of underutilized vegetables at retailers’ and consumers’ level of Khulna city along with the problems faced by the retailers and preferences of the consumers related to underutilized vegetables. More than half (60%) of the retailers were middle aged and only 12.5% were young. Three-fourths (75%) of the retailers were female though only 2.5% had received higher secondary level of education. Only one-fourth of the retailers participated in different organizations though all showed low involvement with those activities. However, majority of the retailers (82.5%) showed favorable attitude towards underutilized vegetables. Among the consumers, about a half of them (47.5%) belonged to middle age, 42.5% had postgraduate degree, and only 12.5% were involved with different organizations. However, just more than one-third (35%) consumers bought underutilized vegetables regularly. Consumers preferred underutilized vegetables mainly because of health and nutritional benefits. Laborious collection of underutilized vegetables, not getting permission from the owner, and collecting vegetables all day long without having meal ranked 1st, 2nd and 3rd, respectively in terms of problems being faced by the retailers.
{"title":"PRESENT STATUS AND PROBLEMS OF UNDERUTILIZED VEGETABLES AS PERCEIVED BY THE RETAILERS AND CONSUMERS OF KHULNA CITY OF BANGLADESH","authors":"Md. Yamin Kabir, Mouri Khan Mim, Jannatul Ferdous Katha, Md. Matiul Islam","doi":"10.26480/fabm.02.2022.42.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/fabm.02.2022.42.47","url":null,"abstract":"Though underutilized vegetables are safe, cheap and rich sources of proteins, fibers, minerals, vitamins, and antioxidants; they attract very little attention from the researchers and from the vegetables’ traders. The study was conducted to evaluate the status of underutilized vegetables at retailers’ and consumers’ level of Khulna city along with the problems faced by the retailers and preferences of the consumers related to underutilized vegetables. More than half (60%) of the retailers were middle aged and only 12.5% were young. Three-fourths (75%) of the retailers were female though only 2.5% had received higher secondary level of education. Only one-fourth of the retailers participated in different organizations though all showed low involvement with those activities. However, majority of the retailers (82.5%) showed favorable attitude towards underutilized vegetables. Among the consumers, about a half of them (47.5%) belonged to middle age, 42.5% had postgraduate degree, and only 12.5% were involved with different organizations. However, just more than one-third (35%) consumers bought underutilized vegetables regularly. Consumers preferred underutilized vegetables mainly because of health and nutritional benefits. Laborious collection of underutilized vegetables, not getting permission from the owner, and collecting vegetables all day long without having meal ranked 1st, 2nd and 3rd, respectively in terms of problems being faced by the retailers.","PeriodicalId":293448,"journal":{"name":"FOOD & AGRIBUSINESS MANAGEMENT","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124747527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.26480/fabm.02.2022.53.62
Md. Matiul Islam, M. Islam, Z. Sultana, Md. Abdul Mannan
Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) remained underexploited in Bangladesh, though it is a vital crop in many countries. This study was conducted to reveal the present scenario, explore the prospects, and identify the problems of cashew cultivation in Bangladesh. Data were collected from randomly selected 63 cashew-producing farmers from three hilly districts, Rangamati, Bandarban and Khagrachhari, under the Chittagong division of Bangladesh, using a structured interview schedule from February to April 2019. The majority of the farmers (65.1%) owned medium-size farms (1.01-3ha) and about half of them (46.0%) belonged to the higher annual income (>1,50,000 BDT; equivalent to 1,750.55 USD) group. The cashew yield was medium (1.40 to 1.80t ha-1) and an individual tree yield ranged from 3 to 8 kg with an average of 6.24 kg. More than two-thirds (68.3%) of the farmers earned 1,20,001-1,80,000 BDT ha-1 from cashew cultivation with an average of 1,68,000 BDT (equivalent to 1,960.62 USD). An average of 0.89 ha of land could still be taken under cashew cultivation. The net profit potential of 8,34,242 BDT ha-1 (equivalent to 9,706.69 USD) is possible from cashew cultivation which is much higher than other crops. The farmers confronted low (79.4%) to medium (20.6%) problems and among the 16 identified problems, ‘lack of processing for nut and apple’ was the most serious severe problem, followed by ‘lack of quality seeds or seedlings. The findings suggest that the government should take initiatives to overcome the prevailing problems regarding cashew cultivation.
{"title":"PRESENT STATUS, PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS OF CASHEW CULTIVATION IN BANGLADESH","authors":"Md. Matiul Islam, M. Islam, Z. Sultana, Md. Abdul Mannan","doi":"10.26480/fabm.02.2022.53.62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/fabm.02.2022.53.62","url":null,"abstract":"Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) remained underexploited in Bangladesh, though it is a vital crop in many countries. This study was conducted to reveal the present scenario, explore the prospects, and identify the problems of cashew cultivation in Bangladesh. Data were collected from randomly selected 63 cashew-producing farmers from three hilly districts, Rangamati, Bandarban and Khagrachhari, under the Chittagong division of Bangladesh, using a structured interview schedule from February to April 2019. The majority of the farmers (65.1%) owned medium-size farms (1.01-3ha) and about half of them (46.0%) belonged to the higher annual income (>1,50,000 BDT; equivalent to 1,750.55 USD) group. The cashew yield was medium (1.40 to 1.80t ha-1) and an individual tree yield ranged from 3 to 8 kg with an average of 6.24 kg. More than two-thirds (68.3%) of the farmers earned 1,20,001-1,80,000 BDT ha-1 from cashew cultivation with an average of 1,68,000 BDT (equivalent to 1,960.62 USD). An average of 0.89 ha of land could still be taken under cashew cultivation. The net profit potential of 8,34,242 BDT ha-1 (equivalent to 9,706.69 USD) is possible from cashew cultivation which is much higher than other crops. The farmers confronted low (79.4%) to medium (20.6%) problems and among the 16 identified problems, ‘lack of processing for nut and apple’ was the most serious severe problem, followed by ‘lack of quality seeds or seedlings. The findings suggest that the government should take initiatives to overcome the prevailing problems regarding cashew cultivation.","PeriodicalId":293448,"journal":{"name":"FOOD & AGRIBUSINESS MANAGEMENT","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114695362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.26480/fabm.02.2022.33.36
Edi Supardi, N. Nurjanah
The emergence of the debate about the level of effectiveness and efficiency of vaccination versus lockdown policies currently attracts the attention of the authors. The author believes that the lockdown policy will be effective to be implemented in the future. This study was aimed to determine the type and amount of food needs and obtain a mathematical model to predict the cost of food security if the lockdown policy scenario is implemented. Urban areas are used as subjects in this study due to the vulnerability of food availability in cities when a pandemic condition occurs where food supply from the supply area (rural) is disrupted. The novelty of this research is the use of two exploratory methods, that is activity base costing and a food frequency questionnaire which aims to obtain information about the number of basic food needs for 100 residents of batununggal village, bandung city, as the research sample. The results of the study found that the cost of food per person is rp. 219,848 per pax for 14 days. With the following mathematical equation food cost during 14 days lockdown = idr 219,848 x, x = person. The cost of lockdown in general is much cheaper than the cost of vaccinations currently being carried out by the government.
关于疫苗接种与封锁政策的有效性和效率水平的辩论的出现目前引起了作者的注意。笔者认为，今后封锁政策将有效实施。本研究旨在确定粮食需求的类型和数量，并获得一个数学模型，以预测实施封锁政策情景下的粮食安全成本。本研究使用城市地区作为研究对象，是因为当大流行发生时，来自供应地区(农村)的粮食供应中断，城市的粮食供应很容易受到影响。本研究的新颖之处在于使用了两种探索性的方法，即活动基础成本法和食物频率问卷调查，旨在获得万隆市巴屯加尔村100名居民作为研究样本的基本食物需求数量信息。研究结果发现，人均食品成本为250美元。14天，每人219,848美元。根据以下数学公式，14天封锁期间的食品成本= 219,848印尼盾x, x =人。总的来说，封锁的成本比政府目前正在进行的疫苗接种成本要便宜得多。
{"title":"FOOD COST ANALYSIS DURING LOCKDOWN USING ACTIVITY BASED COSTING AND FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONARE METHODS","authors":"Edi Supardi, N. Nurjanah","doi":"10.26480/fabm.02.2022.33.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/fabm.02.2022.33.36","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence of the debate about the level of effectiveness and efficiency of vaccination versus lockdown policies currently attracts the attention of the authors. The author believes that the lockdown policy will be effective to be implemented in the future. This study was aimed to determine the type and amount of food needs and obtain a mathematical model to predict the cost of food security if the lockdown policy scenario is implemented. Urban areas are used as subjects in this study due to the vulnerability of food availability in cities when a pandemic condition occurs where food supply from the supply area (rural) is disrupted. The novelty of this research is the use of two exploratory methods, that is activity base costing and a food frequency questionnaire which aims to obtain information about the number of basic food needs for 100 residents of batununggal village, bandung city, as the research sample. The results of the study found that the cost of food per person is rp. 219,848 per pax for 14 days. With the following mathematical equation food cost during 14 days lockdown = idr 219,848 x, x = person. The cost of lockdown in general is much cheaper than the cost of vaccinations currently being carried out by the government.","PeriodicalId":293448,"journal":{"name":"FOOD & AGRIBUSINESS MANAGEMENT","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123051124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.26480/fabm.01.2022.28.32
P. Magar, Prashna Budhathoki, Subarna Kandel, Rachana Tandan Chhetri, L. Devkota
Nepal cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.) is one of the most precious commodities with considerable export potential, as well as one of our country’s most valued crops and most essential cash crops. Large cardamom is primarily farmed in the eastern region of our country. This study focuses on the current state of massive cardamom marketing and the value chain in Nepal. The market for large cardamon is hampered by a variety of obstacles. The vast cardamom market and marketing are weak, and there is a post-harvest loss that inhibits the market. Nepal is the top exporter of large cardamom in terms of market share. The districts of Ilam, Taplejung, Pachthar, and Sankhuwasabha produce and export huge quantities of best quality cardamom. India is the largest market for large cardamom in Nepal. The spice is re exported from India to Bangladesh, Pakistan, the Gulf states, and other international destinations through use of various transport systems.
{"title":"A REVIEW ON MARKETING AND VALUE CHAIN OF NEPAL CARDAMOM (AMOMUM SUBULATUM ROXB.) IN THE EASTERN HILLS OF NEPAL","authors":"P. Magar, Prashna Budhathoki, Subarna Kandel, Rachana Tandan Chhetri, L. Devkota","doi":"10.26480/fabm.01.2022.28.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/fabm.01.2022.28.32","url":null,"abstract":"Nepal cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.) is one of the most precious commodities with considerable export potential, as well as one of our country’s most valued crops and most essential cash crops. Large cardamom is primarily farmed in the eastern region of our country. This study focuses on the current state of massive cardamom marketing and the value chain in Nepal. The market for large cardamon is hampered by a variety of obstacles. The vast cardamom market and marketing are weak, and there is a post-harvest loss that inhibits the market. Nepal is the top exporter of large cardamom in terms of market share. The districts of Ilam, Taplejung, Pachthar, and Sankhuwasabha produce and export huge quantities of best quality cardamom. India is the largest market for large cardamom in Nepal. The spice is re exported from India to Bangladesh, Pakistan, the Gulf states, and other international destinations through use of various transport systems.","PeriodicalId":293448,"journal":{"name":"FOOD & AGRIBUSINESS MANAGEMENT","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121047059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.26480/fabm.02.2022.37.41
A. O., Oladejo, A.O., Mbah, J.J., Popoola, A.S., Sadiku, Y, Onuwa, G.C., S. G.K
The purpose of this research was to determine spoilage resulting from adopted methods of storage among tomato sellers relative to quantity stored in major markets of Plateau State, Nigeria. Methods used to obtain data from 400 tomato sellers involve administration of structured questionnaires based on purposive and simple random sampling techniques. Descriptive statistics, F-test, t-test and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) methods were used to analyse the data. Results from the use of F-test and t-test statistics showed that there is significant relationship among variables and that both storage methods and quantity stored of fresh tomato have significant effect on total quantity of tomato spoiled at 95% confidence bound. Consequently, a model of the association was presented. It was concluded that majority of tomato sellers used woven baskets to store tomatoes. Also, heat and pathogens were major factors causing tomato spoilage and more tomatoes spoiled during rain season than dry season.
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF SPOILAGE AND STORAGE OF FRESH TOMATO IN PLATEAU STATE NIGERIA","authors":"A. O., Oladejo, A.O., Mbah, J.J., Popoola, A.S., Sadiku, Y, Onuwa, G.C., S. G.K","doi":"10.26480/fabm.02.2022.37.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/fabm.02.2022.37.41","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research was to determine spoilage resulting from adopted methods of storage among tomato sellers relative to quantity stored in major markets of Plateau State, Nigeria. Methods used to obtain data from 400 tomato sellers involve administration of structured questionnaires based on purposive and simple random sampling techniques. Descriptive statistics, F-test, t-test and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) methods were used to analyse the data. Results from the use of F-test and t-test statistics showed that there is significant relationship among variables and that both storage methods and quantity stored of fresh tomato have significant effect on total quantity of tomato spoiled at 95% confidence bound. Consequently, a model of the association was presented. It was concluded that majority of tomato sellers used woven baskets to store tomatoes. Also, heat and pathogens were major factors causing tomato spoilage and more tomatoes spoiled during rain season than dry season.","PeriodicalId":293448,"journal":{"name":"FOOD & AGRIBUSINESS MANAGEMENT","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130388416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.26480/fabm.01.2022.20.24
Assem A. A. Mohamed, M. G. El-Nagger, M. Abdelaziz, W. Abobatta
Energy is a vital driving force for development; access to energy can alleviate poverty, improve living conditions and propel economic development. Biofuels as a fossil energy alternative has gained worldwide attention for many years. Drastic changes in the energy system are needed. However, the establishment of the required new energy technologies and associated infrastructure will in itself lead to GHG emissions. Other important aspect affecting Egypt’s agriculture income is water scarcity. Egypt will need to improve the way they manage their water resources and associated services. However, expansion of Jatropha plantation largely depends on profitability from such plantations on small- scale level. The study reveals that Jatropha is a potential renewable energy resource with advantage of grown on marginal lands and irrigated by treated of waste water. The main objective of the study is to assess the profitability of Jatropha through discounted indicators in order to enhancing the sustainable development in Egypt. This study has shown positive returns from Jatropha plantation during the period 2008- 2022. Although the net present value at discount ratio of 30% was LE 8.2 thousand, while the benefit/ cost ratio was 1.45.
{"title":"ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY FOR THE PRODUCTION OF JATROPHA ON A SMALL SCALE IRRIGATED BY TREATED WASTEWATER","authors":"Assem A. A. Mohamed, M. G. El-Nagger, M. Abdelaziz, W. Abobatta","doi":"10.26480/fabm.01.2022.20.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/fabm.01.2022.20.24","url":null,"abstract":"Energy is a vital driving force for development; access to energy can alleviate poverty, improve living conditions and propel economic development. Biofuels as a fossil energy alternative has gained worldwide attention for many years. Drastic changes in the energy system are needed. However, the establishment of the required new energy technologies and associated infrastructure will in itself lead to GHG emissions. Other important aspect affecting Egypt’s agriculture income is water scarcity. Egypt will need to improve the way they manage their water resources and associated services. However, expansion of Jatropha plantation largely depends on profitability from such plantations on small- scale level. The study reveals that Jatropha is a potential renewable energy resource with advantage of grown on marginal lands and irrigated by treated of waste water. The main objective of the study is to assess the profitability of Jatropha through discounted indicators in order to enhancing the sustainable development in Egypt. This study has shown positive returns from Jatropha plantation during the period 2008- 2022. Although the net present value at discount ratio of 30% was LE 8.2 thousand, while the benefit/ cost ratio was 1.45.","PeriodicalId":293448,"journal":{"name":"FOOD & AGRIBUSINESS MANAGEMENT","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129817449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.26480/fabm.01.2022.12.19
Peter Ngek Shillie, Mary-Juliet Bime Egwu, Nji Mondi Boja
This study was conducted to create a re-awakening of thinking in the subject area of wheat importation in Cameroon. The objectives of the study included: examining the production and importation level of wheat, estimating likely job creation potential and community welfare missed due to high importation of wheat and estimating revenue (from taxes) that could have been generated through personal income tax if local production was prioritized. Secondary data was used. Simple descriptive analysis tools building on data for 20 years 2000 to 2019, was used for analysis. Data employed for analysis was collected from online sites namely FAO, USDA, Macrotrends, and Knoema. This was after all efforts to obtain data from the National Institute of Statistics yielded no fruits. The data collected from online sites were averaged and the mean was used for analysis. Wheat production results showed that on average for the period studied, 0.84 thousand metric tonnes of wheat were produced annually in Cameroon. Importation figures showed that an average of 513.85 thousand metric tonnes were imported annually in Cameroon. This shows a huge gap between local production and consumption needs to be filled through importation. Regarding lost job creation potential, estimates indicated that about 246,413 jobs could have been created annually if local wheat production was prioritized over importation. These indicate that unemployment levels would have been much better in wheat-producing areas if this was the case. Estimates relating to revenue generation through personal income tax show that on average, 16,912.24MFCFA might have been missed annually for the period 2000 to 2019 due to the high importation of wheat. Overall, the results suggest that Cameroon is missing a lot by importing huge volumes of wheat. The study recommends that Cameroon should engage heavily in local wheat production given that the agro-ecological conditions are favorable for wheat production. Such an action will bring about significant positive changes in terms of local job creation, income generation, and welfare improvements to the inhabitants, especially in the farming communities.
{"title":"RETHINKING WHEAT IMPORTATION IN CAMEROON: AN ESTIMATION OF LIKELY BENEFITS MISSED DUE TO IMPORTATION","authors":"Peter Ngek Shillie, Mary-Juliet Bime Egwu, Nji Mondi Boja","doi":"10.26480/fabm.01.2022.12.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/fabm.01.2022.12.19","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to create a re-awakening of thinking in the subject area of wheat importation in Cameroon. The objectives of the study included: examining the production and importation level of wheat, estimating likely job creation potential and community welfare missed due to high importation of wheat and estimating revenue (from taxes) that could have been generated through personal income tax if local production was prioritized. Secondary data was used. Simple descriptive analysis tools building on data for 20 years 2000 to 2019, was used for analysis. Data employed for analysis was collected from online sites namely FAO, USDA, Macrotrends, and Knoema. This was after all efforts to obtain data from the National Institute of Statistics yielded no fruits. The data collected from online sites were averaged and the mean was used for analysis. Wheat production results showed that on average for the period studied, 0.84 thousand metric tonnes of wheat were produced annually in Cameroon. Importation figures showed that an average of 513.85 thousand metric tonnes were imported annually in Cameroon. This shows a huge gap between local production and consumption needs to be filled through importation. Regarding lost job creation potential, estimates indicated that about 246,413 jobs could have been created annually if local wheat production was prioritized over importation. These indicate that unemployment levels would have been much better in wheat-producing areas if this was the case. Estimates relating to revenue generation through personal income tax show that on average, 16,912.24MFCFA might have been missed annually for the period 2000 to 2019 due to the high importation of wheat. Overall, the results suggest that Cameroon is missing a lot by importing huge volumes of wheat. The study recommends that Cameroon should engage heavily in local wheat production given that the agro-ecological conditions are favorable for wheat production. Such an action will bring about significant positive changes in terms of local job creation, income generation, and welfare improvements to the inhabitants, especially in the farming communities.","PeriodicalId":293448,"journal":{"name":"FOOD & AGRIBUSINESS MANAGEMENT","volume":"14 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128988179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A field experiment was conducted in Besishahar Municipality, Lamjung to identify eco-friendly and effective pesticides against tomato fruit borer (Helicoverpa armigera). The experiment setup was designed in Randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 7 treatments viz. are T1(Neem extract), T2(Bacillus thuringiensis), T3(Spinosad), T4(HNPv), T5( Tobacco extract), T6(Metarhizium anisopliae) and T7(control) and each treatment was replicated four times Spinosad gave highest percentage reduction of pest over control (PROC) 66.52% and 68.85% after the 1st and 2nd spray respectively. Bacillus thuringiensis was found to be another promising insecticide reducing the larval population with PROC (49.55%) after 2nd spray. The highest marketable fruit yield (48.50 ton/ha) and lowest fruit damage (8.53 ton/ha) were obtained from Spinosad treated plots followed by Bacillus thuringiensis with a marketable yield of 46 ton/ha and fruit damage of 11.47ton/ha. The highest benefit-cost ratio was obtained from spinosad (2.05) followed by Bacillus thuringiensis (1.94). Thus, spinosad and Bacillus thuringiensis could be the potential option for the management of tomato fruit borer and increasing the return.
{"title":"ECO-FRIENDLY AND COST-EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF TOMATO FRUIT BORER (HELICOVERPA ARMIGERA) IN LAMJUNG DISTRICT OF NEPAL","authors":"Aashish Rashik Ghimire, Suraj , Acharya, Karuna Gauli, Sandeep Airee","doi":"10.26480/fabm.01.2022.05.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/fabm.01.2022.05.07","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted in Besishahar Municipality, Lamjung to identify eco-friendly and effective pesticides against tomato fruit borer (Helicoverpa armigera). The experiment setup was designed in Randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 7 treatments viz. are T1(Neem extract), T2(Bacillus thuringiensis), T3(Spinosad), T4(HNPv), T5( Tobacco extract), T6(Metarhizium anisopliae) and T7(control) and each treatment was replicated four times Spinosad gave highest percentage reduction of pest over control (PROC) 66.52% and 68.85% after the 1st and 2nd spray respectively. Bacillus thuringiensis was found to be another promising insecticide reducing the larval population with PROC (49.55%) after 2nd spray. The highest marketable fruit yield (48.50 ton/ha) and lowest fruit damage (8.53 ton/ha) were obtained from Spinosad treated plots followed by Bacillus thuringiensis with a marketable yield of 46 ton/ha and fruit damage of 11.47ton/ha. The highest benefit-cost ratio was obtained from spinosad (2.05) followed by Bacillus thuringiensis (1.94). Thus, spinosad and Bacillus thuringiensis could be the potential option for the management of tomato fruit borer and increasing the return.","PeriodicalId":293448,"journal":{"name":"FOOD & AGRIBUSINESS MANAGEMENT","volume":"337 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126948598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dynamics of production efficiency is a key factor in assessing resource-use patterns and production growth. Raising technical efficiency of smallholder farmers in rural areas would not only increase their income but also stimulate the rest of the economy. This study therefore assessed movement of smallholder farmers in and out of technical efficiency regime over time in Nigeria. Panel data from Living Standard Measurement Survey was analysed using stochastic production frontier model, Markov chain and multinomial logit model. Farm size, labour, cassava cuttings and the use of pesticides, significantly influenced the productivity of cassava production while age squared, household size, no access to extension services and membership of a cooperative society reduced the efficiency of the farming households. A higher percentage (64.83%) of cassava farms under mono-cropping system were efficient in 2010/2011, while a large proportion of about 92.91% were inefficient in 2015/2016. Further, the rate of entry into technical inefficiency (31.32%) was more than the rate of exit from technical inefficiency (14.89%). Transition into technical inefficiency was explained by age, age squared, farm size, gender, household size, marital status, secondary school education and farming systems. In the long run, the probability that rural cassava farmers will be technically efficient was higher than that of being technically inefficient in the future.
{"title":"TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY DYNAMICS IN SMALLHOLDING CASSAVA-BASED FARMING IN RURAL NIGERIA","authors":"Oluwakemi Adeola Obayelu, Ifeoluwase Tunrayo Awoku, Fatai Abiola Sowunmi, M. Akinyemi","doi":"10.26480/fabm.02.2022.67.73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/fabm.02.2022.67.73","url":null,"abstract":"Dynamics of production efficiency is a key factor in assessing resource-use patterns and production growth. Raising technical efficiency of smallholder farmers in rural areas would not only increase their income but also stimulate the rest of the economy. This study therefore assessed movement of smallholder farmers in and out of technical efficiency regime over time in Nigeria. Panel data from Living Standard Measurement Survey was analysed using stochastic production frontier model, Markov chain and multinomial logit model. Farm size, labour, cassava cuttings and the use of pesticides, significantly influenced the productivity of cassava production while age squared, household size, no access to extension services and membership of a cooperative society reduced the efficiency of the farming households. A higher percentage (64.83%) of cassava farms under mono-cropping system were efficient in 2010/2011, while a large proportion of about 92.91% were inefficient in 2015/2016. Further, the rate of entry into technical inefficiency (31.32%) was more than the rate of exit from technical inefficiency (14.89%). Transition into technical inefficiency was explained by age, age squared, farm size, gender, household size, marital status, secondary school education and farming systems. In the long run, the probability that rural cassava farmers will be technically efficient was higher than that of being technically inefficient in the future.","PeriodicalId":293448,"journal":{"name":"FOOD & AGRIBUSINESS MANAGEMENT","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133631825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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