{"title":"COVID-19 endocrinology, adrenals, diabetes and obesity","authors":"S. Beshyah","doi":"10.4103/jdep.jdep_35_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jdep.jdep_35_21","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":294186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes and Endocrine Practice","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130239462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hani Naguib, Shiju Raman, A. Pinto, Aisha Al Mehrezi, Aziza Al Hinaii
Introduction: Diabetic foot syndrome is one of the most common and devastating preventable complications of diabetes mellitus. Knowledge and awareness about the disease can have a positive influence on attitude and practices of patients. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the knowledge, beliefs, and practices (KBPs) regarding diabetes and diabetic foot syndrome among Omani type 2 diabetic patients. Patients and Methods: We studied 150 participants from the diabetes clinic, Bausher Polyclinic, Muscat. A questionnaire was used to determine KBPs around diabetic foot care. Results: There were 90 females and 60 males, 67.9% were older than 50 years, 42.7% were illiterate, and 72% of them were not working or retired. Only 38% checked their feet regularly; 5.6% had diabetic foot syndrome. Over half of the respondents (55.3%) did not know the causes of diabetic foot syndrome and half of the respondents did not know symptoms of the same. Just over one-third (37.3%) thought that their doctor alone was responsible for foot examination. Only 32.7% thought that they should examine their own feet. The majority believed that walking barefoot and diabetic foot syndrome are “big” problems (84% and 80%, respectively). More than three-quarters (78%) reported checking water temperature before use, 38.7% use warm water for washing feet, and 39.3% reported drying their feet after washing. Only 38% check their feet regularly. Finally, only one-third confirmed checking their blood sugar regularly. Conclusions: The KBP triad must be interconnected in order to achieve successful preventive foot care.
{"title":"Knowledge, beliefs, and practices of people with Type 2 diabetes toward self-management and diabetic foot","authors":"Hani Naguib, Shiju Raman, A. Pinto, Aisha Al Mehrezi, Aziza Al Hinaii","doi":"10.4103/jdep.jdep_26_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jdep.jdep_26_21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Diabetic foot syndrome is one of the most common and devastating preventable complications of diabetes mellitus. Knowledge and awareness about the disease can have a positive influence on attitude and practices of patients. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the knowledge, beliefs, and practices (KBPs) regarding diabetes and diabetic foot syndrome among Omani type 2 diabetic patients. Patients and Methods: We studied 150 participants from the diabetes clinic, Bausher Polyclinic, Muscat. A questionnaire was used to determine KBPs around diabetic foot care. Results: There were 90 females and 60 males, 67.9% were older than 50 years, 42.7% were illiterate, and 72% of them were not working or retired. Only 38% checked their feet regularly; 5.6% had diabetic foot syndrome. Over half of the respondents (55.3%) did not know the causes of diabetic foot syndrome and half of the respondents did not know symptoms of the same. Just over one-third (37.3%) thought that their doctor alone was responsible for foot examination. Only 32.7% thought that they should examine their own feet. The majority believed that walking barefoot and diabetic foot syndrome are “big” problems (84% and 80%, respectively). More than three-quarters (78%) reported checking water temperature before use, 38.7% use warm water for washing feet, and 39.3% reported drying their feet after washing. Only 38% check their feet regularly. Finally, only one-third confirmed checking their blood sugar regularly. Conclusions: The KBP triad must be interconnected in order to achieve successful preventive foot care.","PeriodicalId":294186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes and Endocrine Practice","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127404447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Cardiovascular diseases and Type 2 diabetes mellitus are two leading noncommunicable diseases globally. Mitigating their overlapping cardiometabolic risk factors have been identified as vital to the global effort to prevent and control these chronic diseases. Objective: The purpose of the study was to examine the efficacy of lifestyle education intervention on cardiometabolic risk factors. Subjects and Methods: A prospective, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, randomized trial was used to conduct a 12-week lifestyle educational intervention on 184 corporate workers. The collected data were analyzed with analysis of covariance at 0.05 alpha level. Results: The treatment significantly improved the mean difference (all P < 0.05) of the intervention groups' fruits and vegetable consumption (0.64, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03–1.81), physical activity (0.38, 95% CI: 1.22–1.80), and attitude toward healthy living (22.3, 95% CI: 35.56–59.37). It also significantly reduced the mean difference of the participants' salt intake (0.39, 95% CI: 1.44–1.99), daily tobacco use (0.12, 95% CI: 1.70–1.96), alcohol consumption (0.31, 95% CI: 0.37–0.99), resting heart rate (−4.81 bpm, 95% CI: 77.89–84.65), systolic blood pressure (−5.52 mmHg, 95% CI: 117.9–127.61), diastolic blood pressure (−4.41 mmHg, 95% CI: 75.10–81.47), body mass index (−1.78, 95% CI: 24.58–27.65), waist circumference (−0.90 cm, 95% CI: 87.70–91.53), fasting blood glucose (−0.36 mmol/l, 95% CI: 4.84–5.48), total blood cholesterol (0.41 mmol/l, 95% CI: 4.41–5.19), and type 2 diabetes risk scores (−1.76, 95% CI: 5.25–8.86). Conclusion: Lifestyle education is an effective intervention program in reducing the prevalence of cardio-metabolic risk factors among corporate workers.
{"title":"Reduction of cardiometabolic risk factors with lifestyle intervention: Randomized controlled trial for efficacy among corporate workers","authors":"Ab Adelowo","doi":"10.4103/jdep.jdep_17_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jdep.jdep_17_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cardiovascular diseases and Type 2 diabetes mellitus are two leading noncommunicable diseases globally. Mitigating their overlapping cardiometabolic risk factors have been identified as vital to the global effort to prevent and control these chronic diseases. Objective: The purpose of the study was to examine the efficacy of lifestyle education intervention on cardiometabolic risk factors. Subjects and Methods: A prospective, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, randomized trial was used to conduct a 12-week lifestyle educational intervention on 184 corporate workers. The collected data were analyzed with analysis of covariance at 0.05 alpha level. Results: The treatment significantly improved the mean difference (all P < 0.05) of the intervention groups' fruits and vegetable consumption (0.64, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03–1.81), physical activity (0.38, 95% CI: 1.22–1.80), and attitude toward healthy living (22.3, 95% CI: 35.56–59.37). It also significantly reduced the mean difference of the participants' salt intake (0.39, 95% CI: 1.44–1.99), daily tobacco use (0.12, 95% CI: 1.70–1.96), alcohol consumption (0.31, 95% CI: 0.37–0.99), resting heart rate (−4.81 bpm, 95% CI: 77.89–84.65), systolic blood pressure (−5.52 mmHg, 95% CI: 117.9–127.61), diastolic blood pressure (−4.41 mmHg, 95% CI: 75.10–81.47), body mass index (−1.78, 95% CI: 24.58–27.65), waist circumference (−0.90 cm, 95% CI: 87.70–91.53), fasting blood glucose (−0.36 mmol/l, 95% CI: 4.84–5.48), total blood cholesterol (0.41 mmol/l, 95% CI: 4.41–5.19), and type 2 diabetes risk scores (−1.76, 95% CI: 5.25–8.86). Conclusion: Lifestyle education is an effective intervention program in reducing the prevalence of cardio-metabolic risk factors among corporate workers.","PeriodicalId":294186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes and Endocrine Practice","volume":"126 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132297567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. AlMalki, Khaled M. Aldahmani, Moeber M. Mahzari, Z. Rohani, M. Asha, S. Beshyah
The COVID-19 pandemic has had implications in the central nervous system. COVID-19 infection is characterized by coagulation activation and endothelial dysfunction, causing the endocrine system's ischemic and hemorrhagic vascular syndromes. We aimed to provide an overview of the global literature on the impact of COVID-19 on pituitary function and structure. A narrative, nonsystematic review of the literature retrieved from a significant medical online database (PubMed) between February 1, 2020 and June 30, 2021. The relevant literature was narrated in a concise thematic account. Most specific recommendations for managing endocrine disorders during COVID-19 rely on the same principles of epidemiological safety measures, delaying nonemergency admissions and transforming the routine follow-up to telemedicine clinics. Ongoing medications should be continued. Special attention is required to both primary and secondary adrenal disorders. Corticosteroids are a mainstay of treatment in COVID-19 infection. Therefore, it is essential to consider all aspects of high doses, including adverse metabolic reactions, especially in people with diabetes and prediabetes. Surgery is postponed for nonemergency situations, restricting most planned surgeries, and if required in an emergency, plans should include an additional risk. Sick-day rules should be adhered to strictly. Regular contact with endocrinology teams can be maintained through teleconsultations and virtual clinics. In conclusion, special attention is needed to the interaction between COVID-19 infection and pituitary conditions in a bidirectional manner. The direct impact of COVID-19 on pituitary structure and function is possible and should be recognized timely and treated effectively. Furthermore, appropriate organizational adjustments are needed to maintain a coordinated response within the conventional multidisciplinary management to optimize the care of patients with pituitary conditions among the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
{"title":"The pituitary gland in the COVID-19 pandemic: A narrative review of the literature","authors":"M. AlMalki, Khaled M. Aldahmani, Moeber M. Mahzari, Z. Rohani, M. Asha, S. Beshyah","doi":"10.4103/jdep.jdep_33_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jdep.jdep_33_21","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has had implications in the central nervous system. COVID-19 infection is characterized by coagulation activation and endothelial dysfunction, causing the endocrine system's ischemic and hemorrhagic vascular syndromes. We aimed to provide an overview of the global literature on the impact of COVID-19 on pituitary function and structure. A narrative, nonsystematic review of the literature retrieved from a significant medical online database (PubMed) between February 1, 2020 and June 30, 2021. The relevant literature was narrated in a concise thematic account. Most specific recommendations for managing endocrine disorders during COVID-19 rely on the same principles of epidemiological safety measures, delaying nonemergency admissions and transforming the routine follow-up to telemedicine clinics. Ongoing medications should be continued. Special attention is required to both primary and secondary adrenal disorders. Corticosteroids are a mainstay of treatment in COVID-19 infection. Therefore, it is essential to consider all aspects of high doses, including adverse metabolic reactions, especially in people with diabetes and prediabetes. Surgery is postponed for nonemergency situations, restricting most planned surgeries, and if required in an emergency, plans should include an additional risk. Sick-day rules should be adhered to strictly. Regular contact with endocrinology teams can be maintained through teleconsultations and virtual clinics. In conclusion, special attention is needed to the interaction between COVID-19 infection and pituitary conditions in a bidirectional manner. The direct impact of COVID-19 on pituitary structure and function is possible and should be recognized timely and treated effectively. Furthermore, appropriate organizational adjustments are needed to maintain a coordinated response within the conventional multidisciplinary management to optimize the care of patients with pituitary conditions among the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.","PeriodicalId":294186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes and Endocrine Practice","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129739209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Aljohani, M. Ahmad, Ashwaq Alfaqeeh, Ahmed Bahnassi, Nasser Alhamdan
Introduction: Central obesity is an established risk factor for diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension. We aimed to identify people at the highest risk by ethnically adjusted waist circumference (WC) cutoff points. Subjects and Methods: Data were collected from a cross-sectional study of 4350 Saudi adults aged 15–64 years using a stratified, multistage, cluster random sampling. DM was based on known history or fasting blood glucose higher than 7.0 mmol/L, and hypertension was determined by having a systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic ≥90 mmHg. WC was measured midway between the lower costal margin and iliac crest during the end-expiratory phase. Results: The mean age for all the study population was 36.6 + 13.0 years (35.6 ± 12.0 years for females; 37.5 ± 13.9 years for males). The mean WC was 95.2 + 14.01 cm for males and 89.9 + 12.6 cm for females (P < 0.001). The prevalence of diabetes was 23.8% for all subjects. The prevalence of hypertension for all subjects was 25.5%. Receiver operator characteristics curves revealed that WC cutoff points for diabetes risk are 91 cm and 97 cm for women and men, respectively, and for hypertension are 90 cm and 97 cm for women and men, respectively. Conclusions: The present study proposes the obtained cutoffs to identify those at high risk for diabetes and hypertension in the Saudi population who can be considered candidates for preventive interventions.
{"title":"A proposal for the cutoff points of waist circumference values predictive of increased risk of Type 2 diabetes and hypertension in Arab adults","authors":"N. Aljohani, M. Ahmad, Ashwaq Alfaqeeh, Ahmed Bahnassi, Nasser Alhamdan","doi":"10.4103/jdep.jdep_22_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jdep.jdep_22_21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Central obesity is an established risk factor for diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension. We aimed to identify people at the highest risk by ethnically adjusted waist circumference (WC) cutoff points. Subjects and Methods: Data were collected from a cross-sectional study of 4350 Saudi adults aged 15–64 years using a stratified, multistage, cluster random sampling. DM was based on known history or fasting blood glucose higher than 7.0 mmol/L, and hypertension was determined by having a systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic ≥90 mmHg. WC was measured midway between the lower costal margin and iliac crest during the end-expiratory phase. Results: The mean age for all the study population was 36.6 + 13.0 years (35.6 ± 12.0 years for females; 37.5 ± 13.9 years for males). The mean WC was 95.2 + 14.01 cm for males and 89.9 + 12.6 cm for females (P < 0.001). The prevalence of diabetes was 23.8% for all subjects. The prevalence of hypertension for all subjects was 25.5%. Receiver operator characteristics curves revealed that WC cutoff points for diabetes risk are 91 cm and 97 cm for women and men, respectively, and for hypertension are 90 cm and 97 cm for women and men, respectively. Conclusions: The present study proposes the obtained cutoffs to identify those at high risk for diabetes and hypertension in the Saudi population who can be considered candidates for preventive interventions.","PeriodicalId":294186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes and Endocrine Practice","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123104679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diabetes mellitus is a common cause of chronic kidney disease that progresses to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Albuminuria (proteinuria) is an early manifestation of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Although the hemodynamic alterations that occur in diabetics seem the underlying mechanism, others such as metabolic, inflammatory, and hypoxia have a role in DKD pathophysiology. Despite the proven beneficial effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and renin–angiotensin II–aldosterone receptor blockades in proteinuria improvement, their effect to prevent the DKD and to modify its progression to ESRD is not clear enough. New agents such as SLGT2 and autophagy inhibitors and anti-inflammatory are promising agents that may improve proteinuria and inhibit DKD progression. Pathophysiology and new strategies in DKD therapy updates will be reviewed.
{"title":"Diabetic kidney disease update: Pathogenesis and treatment overview for clinicians","authors":"E. Habas, Abdel-Naser Elzouki","doi":"10.4103/jdep.jdep_39_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jdep.jdep_39_21","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus is a common cause of chronic kidney disease that progresses to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Albuminuria (proteinuria) is an early manifestation of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Although the hemodynamic alterations that occur in diabetics seem the underlying mechanism, others such as metabolic, inflammatory, and hypoxia have a role in DKD pathophysiology. Despite the proven beneficial effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and renin–angiotensin II–aldosterone receptor blockades in proteinuria improvement, their effect to prevent the DKD and to modify its progression to ESRD is not clear enough. New agents such as SLGT2 and autophagy inhibitors and anti-inflammatory are promising agents that may improve proteinuria and inhibit DKD progression. Pathophysiology and new strategies in DKD therapy updates will be reviewed.","PeriodicalId":294186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes and Endocrine Practice","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132363377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The American Diabetes Association (ADA) annual conference is the most notable annual event in diabetes. Like many conferences in 2020 and 2021, it was held virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In this highlights summary, we selected the sections that we felt are particularly relevant to practicing clinicians. The results of several long-awaited studies were released. These include the GRADE study, SURPASS, and STEP studies. The first ADA-European Association for the Study of Diabetes consensus on the management of type 1 diabetes was also aired during the conference. Besides, the AMPLITUDE-O study with new data on the cardiovascular and renal effects of Efpeglenatide was published. The role of Teplizumab for the prevention of type 1 diabetes and Volagidemab in patients with type 1 diabetes were discussed. Furthermore, the PROMISE study on the safety and accuracy of next-generation 180 days implantable continuous glucose monitoring systems was published. New news included advancing the role of glucagon in treating and preventing severe hypoglycemia. Furthermore, the Effects on heart failure with preserved ejection fraction from a pooled analysis of SOLOIST and SCORED studies were presented. Finally, data on Dapagliflozin in COVID-19 (DARE-19) and the STRENGTH versus REDUCE-IT studies were compared and contrasted. We hope to present a concise summary of the conference highlights for those who missed the live event.
{"title":"Conference highlights: The 81st Annual (Virtual) conference of the American diabetes association: June 25–29, 2021","authors":"Mohamed Suliman, Nagi Mohammed","doi":"10.4103/jdep.jdep_31_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jdep.jdep_31_21","url":null,"abstract":"The American Diabetes Association (ADA) annual conference is the most notable annual event in diabetes. Like many conferences in 2020 and 2021, it was held virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In this highlights summary, we selected the sections that we felt are particularly relevant to practicing clinicians. The results of several long-awaited studies were released. These include the GRADE study, SURPASS, and STEP studies. The first ADA-European Association for the Study of Diabetes consensus on the management of type 1 diabetes was also aired during the conference. Besides, the AMPLITUDE-O study with new data on the cardiovascular and renal effects of Efpeglenatide was published. The role of Teplizumab for the prevention of type 1 diabetes and Volagidemab in patients with type 1 diabetes were discussed. Furthermore, the PROMISE study on the safety and accuracy of next-generation 180 days implantable continuous glucose monitoring systems was published. New news included advancing the role of glucagon in treating and preventing severe hypoglycemia. Furthermore, the Effects on heart failure with preserved ejection fraction from a pooled analysis of SOLOIST and SCORED studies were presented. Finally, data on Dapagliflozin in COVID-19 (DARE-19) and the STRENGTH versus REDUCE-IT studies were compared and contrasted. We hope to present a concise summary of the conference highlights for those who missed the live event.","PeriodicalId":294186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes and Endocrine Practice","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125905414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zahra Ghareeb, Z. Saffar, Ghadeer Ghareeb, Ghalia Almaalu, Alia Alnaj
Background: Patients with diabetes are targeted with diabetes education 8–10 weeks before Ramadan to have a safe fasting experience. In 2020, this timing coincided with COVID-19 lockdown when virtual clinics were implemented to secure patient care continuity. Objectives: We evaluated hypoglycemia episodes among patients with diabetes fasting in Ramadan 2020 during COVID-19 lockdown. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted after the month of Ramadan 2020, using a self-administered online questionnaire and convenient sampling methods. Patients with diabetes aged 14 years and older who practiced fasting in Ramadan were included in the study. Hypoglycemia rate in total and diabetes treatment among observers of Ramadan 2019 and Ramadan 2020 were compared. Predictors of hypoglycemia during fasting Ramadan 2020 were estimated. Results: Out of 367 patients with diabetes aged 14 years and older, 326 (88.8%) participants had the ability to fast Ramadan and were included in the study. Comparing patients' experience in Ramadan 2019 and Ramadan 2020, participants reported lower hypoglycemia episodes during Ramadan 2020 than Ramadan 2019, P = 0.017. In subgroup analysis based on the type of treatment, patients on noninsulin treatment had statistically significant lower hypoglycemia episodes during Ramadan 2020 than Ramadan 2019 (P = 0.006). Patients on insulin treatment had fewer hypoglycemia episodes during Ramadan 2020 than Ramadan 2019, but the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.405). The probability of hypoglycemia during fasting Ramadan 2020 was higher among younger age groups 14–30 years (odds ratio [OR] 7.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.72–30.39), patients aged 31–45 years (OR 7.18, 95% CI 1.97–26.19), patients with longer duration of diabetes (more than 10 years) (OR 2.30, 95% CI 1.01–5.26), and patients on insulin (OR 14.14, 95% CI 1.72–30.39). Conclusions: COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown did not affect the diabetes-related experience among participants' fasting Ramadan. The hypoglycemia episodes of patients with diabetes in Saudi Arabia were improved during the pandemic era. This could be related to telemedicine services. More studies are required to support its role in improving health conditions beyond our population's pandemic era.
背景:糖尿病患者在斋月前8-10周有针对性地进行糖尿病教育，以获得安全的禁食体验。2020年，这一时机恰逢COVID-19封锁，当时实施了虚拟诊所，以确保患者护理的连续性。目的:我们评估了2019冠状病毒病封锁期间2020年斋月禁食的糖尿病患者的低血糖发作情况。患者和方法:在2020年斋月后进行了一项横断面研究，采用自我管理的在线问卷和方便的抽样方法。14岁及以上在斋月禁食的糖尿病患者被纳入研究。比较2019年斋月和2020年斋月观察员的总低血糖率和糖尿病治疗情况。估计2020年斋月期间低血糖的预测因素。结果:在367名14岁及以上的糖尿病患者中，326名(88.8%)参与者有能力禁食斋月并被纳入研究。比较2019年斋月和2020年斋月患者的经历，参与者报告2020年斋月期间低血糖发生率低于2019年斋月，P = 0.017。在基于治疗类型的亚组分析中，非胰岛素治疗的患者在2020年斋月期间的低血糖发生率低于2019年斋月(P = 0.006)。胰岛素组患者在2020年斋月期间低血糖发作次数少于2019年斋月，但差异无统计学意义(P = 0.405)。2020年斋月期间低血糖的概率在年龄较小的14-30岁年龄组(比值比[OR] 7.24, 95%可信区间[CI] 1.72-30.39)、31-45岁年龄组(OR 7.18, 95% CI 1.97-26.19)、糖尿病持续时间较长的患者(OR 2.30, 95% CI 1.01-5.26)和使用胰岛素的患者(OR 14.14, 95% CI 1.72-30.39)中较高。结论:2019冠状病毒病大流行和封锁并未影响参与者斋月期间的糖尿病相关体验。在大流行时期，沙特阿拉伯糖尿病患者的低血糖发作得到了改善。这可能与远程医疗服务有关。需要进行更多的研究，以支持其在人口大流行时代之后改善健康状况方面的作用。
{"title":"COVID-19 lockdown and hypoglycemia among patients with diabetes fasting the month of Ramadan 2020","authors":"Zahra Ghareeb, Z. Saffar, Ghadeer Ghareeb, Ghalia Almaalu, Alia Alnaj","doi":"10.4103/jdep.jdep_1_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jdep.jdep_1_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Patients with diabetes are targeted with diabetes education 8–10 weeks before Ramadan to have a safe fasting experience. In 2020, this timing coincided with COVID-19 lockdown when virtual clinics were implemented to secure patient care continuity. Objectives: We evaluated hypoglycemia episodes among patients with diabetes fasting in Ramadan 2020 during COVID-19 lockdown. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted after the month of Ramadan 2020, using a self-administered online questionnaire and convenient sampling methods. Patients with diabetes aged 14 years and older who practiced fasting in Ramadan were included in the study. Hypoglycemia rate in total and diabetes treatment among observers of Ramadan 2019 and Ramadan 2020 were compared. Predictors of hypoglycemia during fasting Ramadan 2020 were estimated. Results: Out of 367 patients with diabetes aged 14 years and older, 326 (88.8%) participants had the ability to fast Ramadan and were included in the study. Comparing patients' experience in Ramadan 2019 and Ramadan 2020, participants reported lower hypoglycemia episodes during Ramadan 2020 than Ramadan 2019, P = 0.017. In subgroup analysis based on the type of treatment, patients on noninsulin treatment had statistically significant lower hypoglycemia episodes during Ramadan 2020 than Ramadan 2019 (P = 0.006). Patients on insulin treatment had fewer hypoglycemia episodes during Ramadan 2020 than Ramadan 2019, but the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.405). The probability of hypoglycemia during fasting Ramadan 2020 was higher among younger age groups 14–30 years (odds ratio [OR] 7.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.72–30.39), patients aged 31–45 years (OR 7.18, 95% CI 1.97–26.19), patients with longer duration of diabetes (more than 10 years) (OR 2.30, 95% CI 1.01–5.26), and patients on insulin (OR 14.14, 95% CI 1.72–30.39). Conclusions: COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown did not affect the diabetes-related experience among participants' fasting Ramadan. The hypoglycemia episodes of patients with diabetes in Saudi Arabia were improved during the pandemic era. This could be related to telemedicine services. More studies are required to support its role in improving health conditions beyond our population's pandemic era.","PeriodicalId":294186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes and Endocrine Practice","volume":"132 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123490920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Onwukwe, N. Chikezie, Kalu Okorie, A. Ohwovoriole
Background: There are varying reports on the association of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) phenotypes and glycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) patients. Such information is lacking in Nigerian data. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between HDL-C phenotypes and glycemic control in T2D patients. Materials and Methods: Clinical and laboratory data were collected from consenting T2D patients. Information was managed and analyzed with appropriate software. Results: Four hundred T2D patients consisting of 235 and 165 persons with and without poor glycemic control, respectively, were recruited for this study. There was a significant negative correlation between glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and the HDL2-C phenotype (rs = −0.12, P = 0.01). The correlation between HbA1c and the HDL3-C phenotype was not statistically significant (rs = −0.06, P = 0.21). Conclusion: The HDL2 phenotype has a stronger correlation with glycemic status than the HDL3 phenotype in T2D patients.
背景:关于2型糖尿病(T2D)患者高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)表型与血糖之间的关系有不同的报道。尼日利亚的数据中缺乏这种信息。目的:本研究旨在确定t2dm患者HDL-C表型与血糖控制之间的关系。材料和方法:收集t2dm患者的临床和实验室数据。使用适当的软件对信息进行管理和分析。结果:400例t2dm患者，分别有235例和165例血糖控制不良的t2dm患者被纳入本研究。糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)与HDL2-C表型呈显著负相关(rs = - 0.12, P = 0.01)。HbA1c与HDL3-C表型的相关性无统计学意义(rs = - 0.06, P = 0.21)。结论:t2dm患者HDL2表型与血糖状态的相关性强于HDL3表型。
{"title":"Phenotypes of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and their relationship with glycemic status in type 2 diabetic patients","authors":"C. Onwukwe, N. Chikezie, Kalu Okorie, A. Ohwovoriole","doi":"10.4103/jdep.jdep_4_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jdep.jdep_4_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: There are varying reports on the association of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) phenotypes and glycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) patients. Such information is lacking in Nigerian data. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between HDL-C phenotypes and glycemic control in T2D patients. Materials and Methods: Clinical and laboratory data were collected from consenting T2D patients. Information was managed and analyzed with appropriate software. Results: Four hundred T2D patients consisting of 235 and 165 persons with and without poor glycemic control, respectively, were recruited for this study. There was a significant negative correlation between glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and the HDL2-C phenotype (rs = −0.12, P = 0.01). The correlation between HbA1c and the HDL3-C phenotype was not statistically significant (rs = −0.06, P = 0.21). Conclusion: The HDL2 phenotype has a stronger correlation with glycemic status than the HDL3 phenotype in T2D patients.","PeriodicalId":294186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes and Endocrine Practice","volume":"312 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115936611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Khadija Hafidh, Touseef Kazmi, Ayisha Alshamsi, S. Mukhtar, Saira Abbas
Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a well-established independent risk factor for the development of stroke. It increases stroke risk by about fourfold. Information is scarce on the prevalence of stroke in the Gulf region. A systematic review of stroke epidemiology in the Middle East reported an increase in stroke cases over the last decade. Objectives: We aimed to examine the relationship between adverse stroke outcomes and dysglycemia. Patients and Methods: In this observational, retrospective, cross-sectional study, we recruited 496 patients with a clinical and radiological stroke diagnosis. We compared the length of hospital stay (LOS), inhospital mortality, and 30-day stroke readmission among those with no diabetes, prediabetes, and diabetes. Results: A total of 496 patients were eligible for the inclusion in the study. They were subdivided into three main categories based on their glycemic status according to the Hemoglobin A1c values at presentation. nondiabetes (190), prediabetes (117) and diabetes (189). The mean age was 57 years, with a higher proportion of males (n = 356) than females (n = 140). There were proportionally more ischemic strokes (n = 350) than hemorrhagic strokes (n = 147). The mean LOS was 5.0 days for all patients, irrespective of their glycemic status. Inhospital mortality was 4%, with slightly higher mortality (5.3%) in the group with diabetes; however, this was not statistically significant. Glycemic status did not seem to impact the stroke readmission at 3 or 6 months significantly. Furthermore, the proportion of patients readmitted within 30 days of discharge was not different between the three categories. Conclusions: Ischemic strokes occur in a much higher proportion in our patients with diabetes. Dysglycemia did not significantly impact stroke outcomes in our cohort.
{"title":"The impact of hyperglycemia on stroke outcomes in patients with and without diabetes","authors":"Khadija Hafidh, Touseef Kazmi, Ayisha Alshamsi, S. Mukhtar, Saira Abbas","doi":"10.4103/jdep.jdep_15_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jdep.jdep_15_21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a well-established independent risk factor for the development of stroke. It increases stroke risk by about fourfold. Information is scarce on the prevalence of stroke in the Gulf region. A systematic review of stroke epidemiology in the Middle East reported an increase in stroke cases over the last decade. Objectives: We aimed to examine the relationship between adverse stroke outcomes and dysglycemia. Patients and Methods: In this observational, retrospective, cross-sectional study, we recruited 496 patients with a clinical and radiological stroke diagnosis. We compared the length of hospital stay (LOS), inhospital mortality, and 30-day stroke readmission among those with no diabetes, prediabetes, and diabetes. Results: A total of 496 patients were eligible for the inclusion in the study. They were subdivided into three main categories based on their glycemic status according to the Hemoglobin A1c values at presentation. nondiabetes (190), prediabetes (117) and diabetes (189). The mean age was 57 years, with a higher proportion of males (n = 356) than females (n = 140). There were proportionally more ischemic strokes (n = 350) than hemorrhagic strokes (n = 147). The mean LOS was 5.0 days for all patients, irrespective of their glycemic status. Inhospital mortality was 4%, with slightly higher mortality (5.3%) in the group with diabetes; however, this was not statistically significant. Glycemic status did not seem to impact the stroke readmission at 3 or 6 months significantly. Furthermore, the proportion of patients readmitted within 30 days of discharge was not different between the three categories. Conclusions: Ischemic strokes occur in a much higher proportion in our patients with diabetes. Dysglycemia did not significantly impact stroke outcomes in our cohort.","PeriodicalId":294186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes and Endocrine Practice","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125655492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：