Pub Date : 1995-05-07DOI: 10.1109/PICA.1995.515172
S. Vadari, D.J. Lubash, L. Morris, F. Arsanjani
Modern power systems are becoming increasingly complex to operate. Training departments need more tools to help them in the process of training operators. In addition, they also need more help in evaluating the training session. This creates an iterative process, whereby instructors can evaluate feedback and modify the training program appropriately to cover any holes identified, or identify the weaknesses of each trainee and help them perform better. The dispatcher training simulator (DTS) has already been recognized throughout the industry as one of the best tools to perform operator training. The authors have recognized that the actual philosophy of operator training will vary from utility to utility and will always be subjective in nature. However, one common factor in most training programs is the need to collect objective data which can be used to analyze trainee/training effectiveness and present this information in the form of a report. In this paper, the authors present a design and the results of a prototype implementation which will go a long way towards helping the instructor gather relevant data to evaluate the behavior of a power system during a training session. The training philosophy of a particular electric utility (Virginia Power) has been presented and the tool has been set up for it. The utilization of standard tools and methodologies in the design of this tool help in the ease of integration and usefulness of its outputs.
{"title":"Training session evaluation-a system level perspective using a dispatcher training simulator","authors":"S. Vadari, D.J. Lubash, L. Morris, F. Arsanjani","doi":"10.1109/PICA.1995.515172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICA.1995.515172","url":null,"abstract":"Modern power systems are becoming increasingly complex to operate. Training departments need more tools to help them in the process of training operators. In addition, they also need more help in evaluating the training session. This creates an iterative process, whereby instructors can evaluate feedback and modify the training program appropriately to cover any holes identified, or identify the weaknesses of each trainee and help them perform better. The dispatcher training simulator (DTS) has already been recognized throughout the industry as one of the best tools to perform operator training. The authors have recognized that the actual philosophy of operator training will vary from utility to utility and will always be subjective in nature. However, one common factor in most training programs is the need to collect objective data which can be used to analyze trainee/training effectiveness and present this information in the form of a report. In this paper, the authors present a design and the results of a prototype implementation which will go a long way towards helping the instructor gather relevant data to evaluate the behavior of a power system during a training session. The training philosophy of a particular electric utility (Virginia Power) has been presented and the tool has been set up for it. The utilization of standard tools and methodologies in the design of this tool help in the ease of integration and usefulness of its outputs.","PeriodicalId":294493,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Power Industry Computer Applications Conference","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127083273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-05-07DOI: 10.1109/PICA.1995.515282
C. Sanders
This paper describes the use of an object-oriented application framework to implement a PC-based tool kit for use by EMS software support personnel in software maintenance activities including training, documentation development, and troubleshooting. In addition to a description of the development of the underlying code which provides the tool kit functionality, the paper describes the steps necessary to instantiate the tool kit on a given EMS subsystem.
{"title":"Object-oriented development of EMS maintenance and documentation tools","authors":"C. Sanders","doi":"10.1109/PICA.1995.515282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICA.1995.515282","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the use of an object-oriented application framework to implement a PC-based tool kit for use by EMS software support personnel in software maintenance activities including training, documentation development, and troubleshooting. In addition to a description of the development of the underlying code which provides the tool kit functionality, the paper describes the steps necessary to instantiate the tool kit on a given EMS subsystem.","PeriodicalId":294493,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Power Industry Computer Applications Conference","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129596385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-05-07DOI: 10.1109/PICA.1995.515188
Mesut E. Baran, Jinxiang Zhu, Arthur W. Kelley
This paper identifies the data requirements for monitoring and control of distribution. It points out that in addition to having supervisory control and data acquisition on switches and control equipment, methods are needed to obtain an accurate estimation of data needed for feeder automation functions. A meter placement method is proposed for this purpose. It is shown that the measurements from such a metering scheme can be used with a state estimator to provide the real-time data needed for real-time monitoring of a distribution system.
{"title":"Meter placement for real-time monitoring of distribution feeders","authors":"Mesut E. Baran, Jinxiang Zhu, Arthur W. Kelley","doi":"10.1109/PICA.1995.515188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICA.1995.515188","url":null,"abstract":"This paper identifies the data requirements for monitoring and control of distribution. It points out that in addition to having supervisory control and data acquisition on switches and control equipment, methods are needed to obtain an accurate estimation of data needed for feeder automation functions. A meter placement method is proposed for this purpose. It is shown that the measurements from such a metering scheme can be used with a state estimator to provide the real-time data needed for real-time monitoring of a distribution system.","PeriodicalId":294493,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Power Industry Computer Applications Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129735049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-05-07DOI: 10.1109/PICA.1995.515175
R. Bacher
Contingency analysis is a well known function in modern energy management systems (EMS). The goal of this power system analysis function is to give the operator information about the static security status of the network. Technically this is achieved by running as many power flow cases as there are possible single element contingency scenarios in the network including lines, transformers and generators. Although no longer posing any mathematical problems, contingency analysis is a very critical function because of the overwhelming amount of information created during contingency analysis runs. In today's EMS, this problem is solved by giving tabular information indicating the overloads caused by which contingency. However, if there are overloads the operator does not get any support. There is no help offered as to which actions must be taken. Also the question of the underlying power system problem remains answered. There is usually no single best answer to this problem. This is recognized in this paper by describing a toolset based on image visualization and interaction of the whole set of data coming out of contingency analysis.
{"title":"Graphical interaction and visualization for the analysis and interpretation of contingency analysis results","authors":"R. Bacher","doi":"10.1109/PICA.1995.515175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICA.1995.515175","url":null,"abstract":"Contingency analysis is a well known function in modern energy management systems (EMS). The goal of this power system analysis function is to give the operator information about the static security status of the network. Technically this is achieved by running as many power flow cases as there are possible single element contingency scenarios in the network including lines, transformers and generators. Although no longer posing any mathematical problems, contingency analysis is a very critical function because of the overwhelming amount of information created during contingency analysis runs. In today's EMS, this problem is solved by giving tabular information indicating the overloads caused by which contingency. However, if there are overloads the operator does not get any support. There is no help offered as to which actions must be taken. Also the question of the underlying power system problem remains answered. There is usually no single best answer to this problem. This is recognized in this paper by describing a toolset based on image visualization and interaction of the whole set of data coming out of contingency analysis.","PeriodicalId":294493,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Power Industry Computer Applications Conference","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121489068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-05-07DOI: 10.1109/PICA.1995.515293
G. da Cruz, S. Soares
This paper presents a nonuniform composite representation of hydroelectric systems for use in long-term hydrothermal scheduling. This representation was developed from reservoir operational rules based on optimal reservoir trajectories obtained with a deterministic hydrothermal scheduling algorithm. A test system consisting of 7 large hydroelectric plants of the Southeast Brazilian Power System with 12572 MW of installed power capacity was selected for a case study. Operational cost comparisons with the classical uniform composite representation reveal significant savings.
{"title":"Nonuniform composite representation of hydroelectric systems for long-term hydrothermal scheduling","authors":"G. da Cruz, S. Soares","doi":"10.1109/PICA.1995.515293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICA.1995.515293","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a nonuniform composite representation of hydroelectric systems for use in long-term hydrothermal scheduling. This representation was developed from reservoir operational rules based on optimal reservoir trajectories obtained with a deterministic hydrothermal scheduling algorithm. A test system consisting of 7 large hydroelectric plants of the Southeast Brazilian Power System with 12572 MW of installed power capacity was selected for a case study. Operational cost comparisons with the classical uniform composite representation reveal significant savings.","PeriodicalId":294493,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Power Industry Computer Applications Conference","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126425240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-05-07DOI: 10.1109/PICA.1995.515186
B. R. Williams
Southern California Edison Company's (SCE) capacitor automation project reduces overall net energy transfer from the substation to the customer while meeting system VAr requirements. The automated capacitor switching system developed by SCE uses new electronic meters to read real-time customer voltages and energy consumption. Two-way packet radios communicate this customer voltage data and capacitor status information to SCE computers, where a control algorithm determines the optimal capacitor-switching pattern, fine-tuning customer voltages to reduce energy consumption. Substation VAr data is integrated into the control scheme. Testing performed during the period January-December 1993 recorded an average reduction of 4.2 volts in customer voltages when the DCAP algorithm was not controlling switching of capacitors, compared against voltages when the DCAP algorithm was not controlling capacitor switching. SCE has implemented the system on 586 circuit capacitors (including 34 substation capacitors) on 174 circuits served from 20 substations.
{"title":"Distribution capacitor automation provides integrated control of customer voltage levels and distribution reactive power flow","authors":"B. R. Williams","doi":"10.1109/PICA.1995.515186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICA.1995.515186","url":null,"abstract":"Southern California Edison Company's (SCE) capacitor automation project reduces overall net energy transfer from the substation to the customer while meeting system VAr requirements. The automated capacitor switching system developed by SCE uses new electronic meters to read real-time customer voltages and energy consumption. Two-way packet radios communicate this customer voltage data and capacitor status information to SCE computers, where a control algorithm determines the optimal capacitor-switching pattern, fine-tuning customer voltages to reduce energy consumption. Substation VAr data is integrated into the control scheme. Testing performed during the period January-December 1993 recorded an average reduction of 4.2 volts in customer voltages when the DCAP algorithm was not controlling switching of capacitors, compared against voltages when the DCAP algorithm was not controlling capacitor switching. SCE has implemented the system on 586 circuit capacitors (including 34 substation capacitors) on 174 circuits served from 20 substations.","PeriodicalId":294493,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Power Industry Computer Applications Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128013877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-05-07DOI: 10.1109/PICA.1995.515201
A. Piras, A. Germond, B. Buchenel, K. Imhof, Y. Jaccard
Short term electrical load forecasting is a topic of major interest for the planning of energy production and distribution. The use of artificial neural networks has been demonstrated as a valid alternative to classical statistical methods in terms of accuracy of results. However, a common architecture able to forecast the load in different geographical regions, showing different load shape and climate characteristics, is still missing. In this paper we discuss a heterogeneous neural network architecture composed of an unsupervised part, namely a neural gas, which is used to analyze the process in sub models finding local features in the data and suggesting regression variables, and a supervised one, a multilayer perceptron, which performs the approximation of the underlying function. The resulting outputs are then summed by a weighted fuzzy average, allowing a smooth transition between sub models. The effectiveness of the proposed architecture Is demonstrated by two days ahead load forecasting of L'Energie de L'Ouest Suisse (EOS) power system sub areas, corresponding to five different geographical regions, and of its total electrical load.
{"title":"Heterogeneous artificial neural network for short term electrical load forecasting","authors":"A. Piras, A. Germond, B. Buchenel, K. Imhof, Y. Jaccard","doi":"10.1109/PICA.1995.515201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICA.1995.515201","url":null,"abstract":"Short term electrical load forecasting is a topic of major interest for the planning of energy production and distribution. The use of artificial neural networks has been demonstrated as a valid alternative to classical statistical methods in terms of accuracy of results. However, a common architecture able to forecast the load in different geographical regions, showing different load shape and climate characteristics, is still missing. In this paper we discuss a heterogeneous neural network architecture composed of an unsupervised part, namely a neural gas, which is used to analyze the process in sub models finding local features in the data and suggesting regression variables, and a supervised one, a multilayer perceptron, which performs the approximation of the underlying function. The resulting outputs are then summed by a weighted fuzzy average, allowing a smooth transition between sub models. The effectiveness of the proposed architecture Is demonstrated by two days ahead load forecasting of L'Energie de L'Ouest Suisse (EOS) power system sub areas, corresponding to five different geographical regions, and of its total electrical load.","PeriodicalId":294493,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Power Industry Computer Applications Conference","volume":"50 8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126071249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-05-07DOI: 10.1109/PICA.1995.515287
Whei-Min Lin, J. Teng
In this paper, a new fast decoupled state estimator with equality constraints is proposed for three-phase distribution systems. Lagrange multipliers were utilized to deal with the zero injections. The proposed method is based on equivalent current measurement and rectangular coordinates. The method uses a compact constant-symmetric gain matrix which can be decoupled into two "identical" sub-gain matrices. The update and factorization of the gain matrix needs to be done only once. Tests have shown that the proposed low-storage method is efficient, accurate and robust in solving the state estimation of unbalanced three-phase distribution systems.
{"title":"State estimation for distribution systems with zero-injection constraints","authors":"Whei-Min Lin, J. Teng","doi":"10.1109/PICA.1995.515287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICA.1995.515287","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a new fast decoupled state estimator with equality constraints is proposed for three-phase distribution systems. Lagrange multipliers were utilized to deal with the zero injections. The proposed method is based on equivalent current measurement and rectangular coordinates. The method uses a compact constant-symmetric gain matrix which can be decoupled into two \"identical\" sub-gain matrices. The update and factorization of the gain matrix needs to be done only once. Tests have shown that the proposed low-storage method is efficient, accurate and robust in solving the state estimation of unbalanced three-phase distribution systems.","PeriodicalId":294493,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Power Industry Computer Applications Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121970162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-05-07DOI: 10.1109/PICA.1995.515185
P. Ju, E. Handschin, Z. Wei, U. Schlucking
The load model used in power system analysis, computation and control should be both accurate and simple. But the accuracy and simplicity often contradict each other, so that we have to make compromises between them. This paper describes a simplified practical model for composite loads. It is recognized that the simultaneous parameter estimation of the model is difficult. Therefore, a sequential parameter estimation method is developed. The estimation results of both theoretical simulations and tests are reported.
{"title":"Sequential parameter estimation of a simplified induction motor load model","authors":"P. Ju, E. Handschin, Z. Wei, U. Schlucking","doi":"10.1109/PICA.1995.515185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICA.1995.515185","url":null,"abstract":"The load model used in power system analysis, computation and control should be both accurate and simple. But the accuracy and simplicity often contradict each other, so that we have to make compromises between them. This paper describes a simplified practical model for composite loads. It is recognized that the simultaneous parameter estimation of the model is difficult. Therefore, a sequential parameter estimation method is developed. The estimation results of both theoretical simulations and tests are reported.","PeriodicalId":294493,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Power Industry Computer Applications Conference","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134416186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-05-07DOI: 10.1109/PICA.1995.515207
T. Rahkonen, T. Cegrell
Stating requirements on systems integration in a SCADA/EMS procurement project can be a delicate task, especially if a long-term strategy including integration with future systems is striven for. The problems are accentuated by the fact that in order to achieve a cost-efficient system utilities requirements have to be often stated, at least to some degree, with the SCADA/EMS vendors' "standard" systems in mind. This paper summarizes results from two state-of-the-practice studies, where among others, experienced SCADA/EMS users and vendors were investigated in terms of practical experiences from this field. The first study covered technical possibilities/problems in achieving systems integration; the focus of the second study was on specification of user requirements in industrial procurement projects. Based on the two studies, some common obstacles are recognized and some recommendations in how to state requirements on systems integration for a utility are given. The results should be of interest to utilities, vendors, and consultants in SCADA/EMS procurement projects.
{"title":"A study on techniques for and user requirements on systems integration in SCADA/EMS","authors":"T. Rahkonen, T. Cegrell","doi":"10.1109/PICA.1995.515207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICA.1995.515207","url":null,"abstract":"Stating requirements on systems integration in a SCADA/EMS procurement project can be a delicate task, especially if a long-term strategy including integration with future systems is striven for. The problems are accentuated by the fact that in order to achieve a cost-efficient system utilities requirements have to be often stated, at least to some degree, with the SCADA/EMS vendors' \"standard\" systems in mind. This paper summarizes results from two state-of-the-practice studies, where among others, experienced SCADA/EMS users and vendors were investigated in terms of practical experiences from this field. The first study covered technical possibilities/problems in achieving systems integration; the focus of the second study was on specification of user requirements in industrial procurement projects. Based on the two studies, some common obstacles are recognized and some recommendations in how to state requirements on systems integration for a utility are given. The results should be of interest to utilities, vendors, and consultants in SCADA/EMS procurement projects.","PeriodicalId":294493,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Power Industry Computer Applications Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131037801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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