Pub Date : 1995-05-07DOI: 10.1109/PICA.1995.515162
U. Kakko, T. Karttinen, J. Ruusunen
In this paper, the authors present a new generation scheduling model for the Imatran Voima power system. The model considers a two-area hydrothermal power system. In addition to hydro and thermal production, the model is capable of considering various kinds of power contracts. The large-scale optimization problem is solved by the augmented Lagrangian relaxation approach. After the demand and reserve requirements of the two areas are relaxed, the optimization problem is decomposed into thermal, hydro and contract subproblems and the optimization of power transmission between two interconnected areas. Each subproblem is solved by an appropriate optimization method. The high-level problem is to choose optimal Lagrange multipliers. This produces different marginal cost patterns for the two areas.
{"title":"A mew model for the optimization of the power system at Imatran Voima","authors":"U. Kakko, T. Karttinen, J. Ruusunen","doi":"10.1109/PICA.1995.515162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICA.1995.515162","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the authors present a new generation scheduling model for the Imatran Voima power system. The model considers a two-area hydrothermal power system. In addition to hydro and thermal production, the model is capable of considering various kinds of power contracts. The large-scale optimization problem is solved by the augmented Lagrangian relaxation approach. After the demand and reserve requirements of the two areas are relaxed, the optimization problem is decomposed into thermal, hydro and contract subproblems and the optimization of power transmission between two interconnected areas. Each subproblem is solved by an appropriate optimization method. The high-level problem is to choose optimal Lagrange multipliers. This produces different marginal cost patterns for the two areas.","PeriodicalId":294493,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Power Industry Computer Applications Conference","volume":"224 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115604072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-05-07DOI: 10.1109/PICA.1995.515160
R. D. Christie, Anjan Bose
Open transmission access is a legal requirement in the United States, but is not fully implemented. Discussion of deregulation has so far focused principally on the tariff structure for transmission access, but operating the power system in this new environment will present significant problems of an almost purely technical nature. Something as simple as frequency control becomes challenging when implemented in the competitive, distributed control environment that true third party wheeling creates. This paper seeks to identify likely deregulation scenarios, identify the technical issues associated with load frequency control, and identify technical solutions, such as standards and algorithms, needed for the operation of this key component of national infrastructure in the face of profound structural changes.
{"title":"Load frequency control issues in power system operations after deregulation","authors":"R. D. Christie, Anjan Bose","doi":"10.1109/PICA.1995.515160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICA.1995.515160","url":null,"abstract":"Open transmission access is a legal requirement in the United States, but is not fully implemented. Discussion of deregulation has so far focused principally on the tariff structure for transmission access, but operating the power system in this new environment will present significant problems of an almost purely technical nature. Something as simple as frequency control becomes challenging when implemented in the competitive, distributed control environment that true third party wheeling creates. This paper seeks to identify likely deregulation scenarios, identify the technical issues associated with load frequency control, and identify technical solutions, such as standards and algorithms, needed for the operation of this key component of national infrastructure in the face of profound structural changes.","PeriodicalId":294493,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Power Industry Computer Applications Conference","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126805933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-05-07DOI: 10.1109/PICA.1995.515195
R. Romero, R. Gallego, A. Monticelli
This paper presents a simulated annealing approach to the long term transmission expansion planning problem which is a hard, large scale combinatorial problem. The proposed approach has been compared with a more conventional optimization technique based on mathematical decomposition with a zero-one implicit enumeration procedure. Tests have been performed on three different systems. Two smaller systems for which optimal solutions are known have been used to tune the main parameters of the simulated annealing process. The simulated annealing method has then been applied to a larger example system for which no optimal solutions are known: as a result an entire family of interesting solutions have been obtained with costs about 7% less than the best solutions known for that particular example system.
{"title":"Transmission system expansion planning by simulated annealing","authors":"R. Romero, R. Gallego, A. Monticelli","doi":"10.1109/PICA.1995.515195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICA.1995.515195","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a simulated annealing approach to the long term transmission expansion planning problem which is a hard, large scale combinatorial problem. The proposed approach has been compared with a more conventional optimization technique based on mathematical decomposition with a zero-one implicit enumeration procedure. Tests have been performed on three different systems. Two smaller systems for which optimal solutions are known have been used to tune the main parameters of the simulated annealing process. The simulated annealing method has then been applied to a larger example system for which no optimal solutions are known: as a result an entire family of interesting solutions have been obtained with costs about 7% less than the best solutions known for that particular example system.","PeriodicalId":294493,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Power Industry Computer Applications Conference","volume":"62 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126963691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-05-07DOI: 10.1109/PICA.1995.515199
P. Godfrin
This paper describes an operational expert system analyzing faults occurring on medium voltage networks. After a brief description of the auscultation method, that led to the development of the software, the LAURE functions and architecture are explained. The analysis and calculation module is detailed, as well as the configuration and the request parts. The paper also displays the experimentation results and the organization held to operate the system.
{"title":"An operational expert system to analyze and locate faults occurring on MV networks","authors":"P. Godfrin","doi":"10.1109/PICA.1995.515199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICA.1995.515199","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes an operational expert system analyzing faults occurring on medium voltage networks. After a brief description of the auscultation method, that led to the development of the software, the LAURE functions and architecture are explained. The analysis and calculation module is detailed, as well as the configuration and the request parts. The paper also displays the experimentation results and the organization held to operate the system.","PeriodicalId":294493,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Power Industry Computer Applications Conference","volume":"151 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127937676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-05-07DOI: 10.1109/PICA.1995.515165
M. Montagna, G. Granelli, G. Vuong, R. Chahine
Algorithms exploiting factorization path graph levels have been proposed in order to obtain a fine grain scheduling of sparse matrix operations suitable for vector/parallel processing. This paper deals with the problem of how to make levelwise algorithms more computationally efficient on vector processors. Existing implementations of (static) levelwise algorithms are reconsidered, showing that the recursive nature of the update operations is the bottleneck of the computation. A novel dynamic levelwise algorithm that is capable of overcoming the recurrence problem is proposed. It is based on reforming the level sets each time a new batch of vectorizable operations is scheduled. Test cases consist in the factorization and F/B substitution using sparse power system matrices with dimensions of up to 12000. The tests are carried out on a CRAY Y-MP C94/2128 vector computer. Speed-ups of about one order of magnitude have been achieved by the dynamic levelwise algorithm compared to a standard sparsity-based algorithm.
{"title":"Levelwise algorithms for vector processing of sparse power system matrices","authors":"M. Montagna, G. Granelli, G. Vuong, R. Chahine","doi":"10.1109/PICA.1995.515165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICA.1995.515165","url":null,"abstract":"Algorithms exploiting factorization path graph levels have been proposed in order to obtain a fine grain scheduling of sparse matrix operations suitable for vector/parallel processing. This paper deals with the problem of how to make levelwise algorithms more computationally efficient on vector processors. Existing implementations of (static) levelwise algorithms are reconsidered, showing that the recursive nature of the update operations is the bottleneck of the computation. A novel dynamic levelwise algorithm that is capable of overcoming the recurrence problem is proposed. It is based on reforming the level sets each time a new batch of vectorizable operations is scheduled. Test cases consist in the factorization and F/B substitution using sparse power system matrices with dimensions of up to 12000. The tests are carried out on a CRAY Y-MP C94/2128 vector computer. Speed-ups of about one order of magnitude have been achieved by the dynamic levelwise algorithm compared to a standard sparsity-based algorithm.","PeriodicalId":294493,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Power Industry Computer Applications Conference","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121790343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-05-07DOI: 10.1109/PICA.1995.515292
M. Mazumdar
This paper considers the problem of computing the expected value of generating system production costs. First, using a stochastic model for the frequency and duration of generation outage, it provides an efficient Monte Carlo procedure for the evaluation of the Baleriaux formula. Secondly, it points out the need for using a stochastic model for estimating production costs with time-dependent constraints via Monte Carlo. Lastly, it considers a model where the chronological load also has a random component and obtains an expression for expected production costs for this situation.
{"title":"Computation of power generation system production costs","authors":"M. Mazumdar","doi":"10.1109/PICA.1995.515292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICA.1995.515292","url":null,"abstract":"This paper considers the problem of computing the expected value of generating system production costs. First, using a stochastic model for the frequency and duration of generation outage, it provides an efficient Monte Carlo procedure for the evaluation of the Baleriaux formula. Secondly, it points out the need for using a stochastic model for estimating production costs with time-dependent constraints via Monte Carlo. Lastly, it considers a model where the chronological load also has a random component and obtains an expression for expected production costs for this situation.","PeriodicalId":294493,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Power Industry Computer Applications Conference","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120974750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-05-07DOI: 10.1109/PICA.1995.515167
W.-H. Edwin Liu, X. Guan
Conventional power system optimal power flow (OPF) solutions utilize standard optimization techniques. These techniques limit the practical value and scope of OPF applications. Realistic OPF solutions require special attention to the constraint enforcement and control action curtailment. From a practical point of view, an OPF does not need to find a rigid minimum solution. Certain trade-offs among: (1) minimizing the objective function; (2) satisfying constraints; and (3) moving control variables would be desirable. In this paper, a fuzzy set method is applied to the OPF problem to model these considerations. The method has been implemented in a successive linear programming OPF software package. Test results based on the PG&E network are promising.
{"title":"Fuzzy constraint enforcement and control action curtailment in an optimal power flow","authors":"W.-H. Edwin Liu, X. Guan","doi":"10.1109/PICA.1995.515167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICA.1995.515167","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional power system optimal power flow (OPF) solutions utilize standard optimization techniques. These techniques limit the practical value and scope of OPF applications. Realistic OPF solutions require special attention to the constraint enforcement and control action curtailment. From a practical point of view, an OPF does not need to find a rigid minimum solution. Certain trade-offs among: (1) minimizing the objective function; (2) satisfying constraints; and (3) moving control variables would be desirable. In this paper, a fuzzy set method is applied to the OPF problem to model these considerations. The method has been implemented in a successive linear programming OPF software package. Test results based on the PG&E network are promising.","PeriodicalId":294493,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Power Industry Computer Applications Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129317776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-05-07DOI: 10.1109/PICA.1995.515206
M. A. Radtke
This paper chronicles the activity at Wisconsin Public Service Corporation (WPSC) that resulted in the complete migration of a traditional, late 1970s vintage, energy management system (EMS). The new environment includes networked microcomputers, minicomputers, and the corporate mainframe, and provides on-line access to employees outside the energy control center and some WPSC customers. In the late 1980s, WPSC was forecasting an EMS computer upgrade or replacement to address both capacity and technology needs. Reasoning that access to diverse computing resources would best position the company to accommodate the uncertain needs of the energy industry in the 1990s, WPSC chose to investigate an in-place migration to a network of computers, able to support heterogeneous hardware and operating systems. The system was developed in a modular fashion, with individual modules being deployed as soon as they were completed. The functional and technical specification was continuously enhanced as operating experience was gained from each operational module. With the migration off the original computers complete, the networked system DEMAXX (distributed energy management architecture with extensive expandability) has exceeded expectations in the areas of: cost, performance, flexibility, and reliability.
{"title":"Migrating an energy management system to a networked architecture","authors":"M. A. Radtke","doi":"10.1109/PICA.1995.515206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICA.1995.515206","url":null,"abstract":"This paper chronicles the activity at Wisconsin Public Service Corporation (WPSC) that resulted in the complete migration of a traditional, late 1970s vintage, energy management system (EMS). The new environment includes networked microcomputers, minicomputers, and the corporate mainframe, and provides on-line access to employees outside the energy control center and some WPSC customers. In the late 1980s, WPSC was forecasting an EMS computer upgrade or replacement to address both capacity and technology needs. Reasoning that access to diverse computing resources would best position the company to accommodate the uncertain needs of the energy industry in the 1990s, WPSC chose to investigate an in-place migration to a network of computers, able to support heterogeneous hardware and operating systems. The system was developed in a modular fashion, with individual modules being deployed as soon as they were completed. The functional and technical specification was continuously enhanced as operating experience was gained from each operational module. With the migration off the original computers complete, the networked system DEMAXX (distributed energy management architecture with extensive expandability) has exceeded expectations in the areas of: cost, performance, flexibility, and reliability.","PeriodicalId":294493,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Power Industry Computer Applications Conference","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122228688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-05-07DOI: 10.1109/PICA.1995.515272
D. Waikar, A.C. Liew
This paper presents the design, simulation, implementation and performance evaluation of a computationally efficient and accurate digital distance relaying algorithm. Published historical data were used in the first phase for validation purposes. Sample results illustrating highly accurate fault impedance estimates for various conditions are reported. The second phase uses voltage and current signals generated by the Alternative Transients Program (ATP) and a sample power system for various first-zone, second-zone and third-zone faults. Results of these studies, confirming the stability and computational efficiency of the algorithm, are presented and discussed. In the third phase, a prototype of the relay was developed and tested using real-time fault data generated from physical models of the transmission lines. Oscillographs for these conditions were recorded. Results of these tests indicating high speed relay operation are also discussed. The performance evaluation studies reported in this paper conclusively demonstrate that the new algorithm provides fast and accurate fault impedance estimates for the three-zone protection of transmission lines.
{"title":"Design, implementation and performance evaluation of a new digital distance relaying algorithm","authors":"D. Waikar, A.C. Liew","doi":"10.1109/PICA.1995.515272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICA.1995.515272","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the design, simulation, implementation and performance evaluation of a computationally efficient and accurate digital distance relaying algorithm. Published historical data were used in the first phase for validation purposes. Sample results illustrating highly accurate fault impedance estimates for various conditions are reported. The second phase uses voltage and current signals generated by the Alternative Transients Program (ATP) and a sample power system for various first-zone, second-zone and third-zone faults. Results of these studies, confirming the stability and computational efficiency of the algorithm, are presented and discussed. In the third phase, a prototype of the relay was developed and tested using real-time fault data generated from physical models of the transmission lines. Oscillographs for these conditions were recorded. Results of these tests indicating high speed relay operation are also discussed. The performance evaluation studies reported in this paper conclusively demonstrate that the new algorithm provides fast and accurate fault impedance estimates for the three-zone protection of transmission lines.","PeriodicalId":294493,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Power Industry Computer Applications Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129648849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-05-07DOI: 10.1109/PICA.1995.515284
R. Sárfi, M. Salama, A. Chikhani
The algorithm proposed in this paper provides the facility to achieve online distribution system reconfiguration for loss reduction. Based on partitioning the distribution network into groups of load buses, such that the line section losses between the groups of nodes are minimized, the proposed method overcomes the size restrictions imposed by previously described reconfiguration techniques. By dividing the distribution network into groups of buses, the combinatorial nature of the reconfiguration problem is overcome, while simultaneously minimizing losses. Computer simulations of the proposed method demonstrate the numerous benefits that are offered by the proposed reconfiguration algorithm.
{"title":"Distribution system reconfiguration for loss reduction: an algorithm based on network partitioning theory","authors":"R. Sárfi, M. Salama, A. Chikhani","doi":"10.1109/PICA.1995.515284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICA.1995.515284","url":null,"abstract":"The algorithm proposed in this paper provides the facility to achieve online distribution system reconfiguration for loss reduction. Based on partitioning the distribution network into groups of load buses, such that the line section losses between the groups of nodes are minimized, the proposed method overcomes the size restrictions imposed by previously described reconfiguration techniques. By dividing the distribution network into groups of buses, the combinatorial nature of the reconfiguration problem is overcome, while simultaneously minimizing losses. Computer simulations of the proposed method demonstrate the numerous benefits that are offered by the proposed reconfiguration algorithm.","PeriodicalId":294493,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Power Industry Computer Applications Conference","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126719757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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