Pub Date : 1995-05-07DOI: 10.1109/PICA.1995.515203
M. McAvoy, M. Hořeňovský, P. Vogelsang
When Colorado Springs Utilities (CSU) purchased their energy management system (EMS), they envisioned a system that would provide for their needs and continue to evolve to meet future requirements. CSU also wanted to be able to keep current with the latest technology and operate their system with minimal staff. The initially purchased EMS provided a distributed architecture which allowed for the planned future expansion to 2500 (generation, transmission, and mostly distribution) RTUs and the addition of processors as required. The desire to keep the system current as new technologies became available is the basis for an ongoing collaboration between CSU and the EMS supplier, which has allowed CSU to incrementally evolve the system to meet all the functional requirements within budget constraints. The first update to the initially designed system was the replacement of the applications processor with high performance workstations, dramatically reducing the cost of maintenance and greatly improving the response time of the advanced power system Applications. At the same time proprietary interfaces were removed, moving the system to a more open architecture. The second update was the replacement of the remaining proprietary communications links and the existing proprietary full graphics display generators with RISC workstations. Major emphasis in the evolution process stressed timely development and testing of the upgrade with collaborative installation planning, which minimized the impact to ongoing operations.
{"title":"The ongoing evolution of the Colorado Springs Utilities EMS minimizing the impact on system operation","authors":"M. McAvoy, M. Hořeňovský, P. Vogelsang","doi":"10.1109/PICA.1995.515203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICA.1995.515203","url":null,"abstract":"When Colorado Springs Utilities (CSU) purchased their energy management system (EMS), they envisioned a system that would provide for their needs and continue to evolve to meet future requirements. CSU also wanted to be able to keep current with the latest technology and operate their system with minimal staff. The initially purchased EMS provided a distributed architecture which allowed for the planned future expansion to 2500 (generation, transmission, and mostly distribution) RTUs and the addition of processors as required. The desire to keep the system current as new technologies became available is the basis for an ongoing collaboration between CSU and the EMS supplier, which has allowed CSU to incrementally evolve the system to meet all the functional requirements within budget constraints. The first update to the initially designed system was the replacement of the applications processor with high performance workstations, dramatically reducing the cost of maintenance and greatly improving the response time of the advanced power system Applications. At the same time proprietary interfaces were removed, moving the system to a more open architecture. The second update was the replacement of the remaining proprietary communications links and the existing proprietary full graphics display generators with RISC workstations. Major emphasis in the evolution process stressed timely development and testing of the upgrade with collaborative installation planning, which minimized the impact to ongoing operations.","PeriodicalId":294493,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Power Industry Computer Applications Conference","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116266241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-05-07DOI: 10.1109/PICA.1995.515275
S. Horiike, Y. Okazaki
This paper describes a performance estimation tool developed for modeling and simulation of open distributed energy management systems to support their design. The approach of discrete event simulation with detailed models is considered for efficient performance estimation. The tool includes basic models constituting a platform, e.g., Ethernet, communication protocol, operating system, etc. Application softwares are modeled by specifying CPU time, disk access size, communication data size, etc. Different types of system configurations for various system activities can be easily studied. Simulation examples show how the tool is utilized for the efficient design of open distributed energy management systems.
{"title":"Modeling and simulation for performance estimation of open distributed energy management systems","authors":"S. Horiike, Y. Okazaki","doi":"10.1109/PICA.1995.515275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICA.1995.515275","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a performance estimation tool developed for modeling and simulation of open distributed energy management systems to support their design. The approach of discrete event simulation with detailed models is considered for efficient performance estimation. The tool includes basic models constituting a platform, e.g., Ethernet, communication protocol, operating system, etc. Application softwares are modeled by specifying CPU time, disk access size, communication data size, etc. Different types of system configurations for various system activities can be easily studied. Simulation examples show how the tool is utilized for the efficient design of open distributed energy management systems.","PeriodicalId":294493,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Power Industry Computer Applications Conference","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128644663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-05-07DOI: 10.1109/PICA.1995.515163
R. M. Hassan, C. Nwankpa
This paper attempts to justify claims made by the authors concerning the application of a power system stochastic voltage collapse indicator (SVCI). Since the SVCI is an approximate solution to a system of stochastic differential equations, the authors present a scheme to evaluate its validity. The scheme involves the use of Monte-Carlo techniques where for a given confidence interval, samples representing different realizations of the modeled uncertain power system will be run with the goal of obtaining the sampled value of the SVCI. Accuracy and sensitivity of the indicator are compared to benchmark measurements obtained from Monte-Carlo runs of a dynamic power system perturbed by small-magnitude perturbations. Strong correlation between the two sets of values for the SVCI and its sampled counterpart will give credence to the application of the SVCI to voltage stability studies.
{"title":"An interpretation of stochastic voltage collapse indication","authors":"R. M. Hassan, C. Nwankpa","doi":"10.1109/PICA.1995.515163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICA.1995.515163","url":null,"abstract":"This paper attempts to justify claims made by the authors concerning the application of a power system stochastic voltage collapse indicator (SVCI). Since the SVCI is an approximate solution to a system of stochastic differential equations, the authors present a scheme to evaluate its validity. The scheme involves the use of Monte-Carlo techniques where for a given confidence interval, samples representing different realizations of the modeled uncertain power system will be run with the goal of obtaining the sampled value of the SVCI. Accuracy and sensitivity of the indicator are compared to benchmark measurements obtained from Monte-Carlo runs of a dynamic power system perturbed by small-magnitude perturbations. Strong correlation between the two sets of values for the SVCI and its sampled counterpart will give credence to the application of the SVCI to voltage stability studies.","PeriodicalId":294493,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Power Industry Computer Applications Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130845545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-05-07DOI: 10.1109/PICA.1995.515193
H. Mori, H. Tanaka, J. Kanno
This paper proposes an efficient method for contingency screening in power systems. Contingency analysis requires substantial amounts of computational time in evaluating data for controlling generating units or power flows. In this paper, the Tchebychev iteration of an indirect method is presented for solving a set of linear equations of fast decoupled power flow (FDPF) in the contingency screening. Furthermore, the precondition technique is introduced to improve the convergence characteristics of the indirect method. The proposed method has been successfully applied to a 2107 node system.
{"title":"A preconditioned fast decoupled power flow method for contingency screening","authors":"H. Mori, H. Tanaka, J. Kanno","doi":"10.1109/PICA.1995.515193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICA.1995.515193","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes an efficient method for contingency screening in power systems. Contingency analysis requires substantial amounts of computational time in evaluating data for controlling generating units or power flows. In this paper, the Tchebychev iteration of an indirect method is presented for solving a set of linear equations of fast decoupled power flow (FDPF) in the contingency screening. Furthermore, the precondition technique is introduced to improve the convergence characteristics of the indirect method. The proposed method has been successfully applied to a 2107 node system.","PeriodicalId":294493,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Power Industry Computer Applications Conference","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125059459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-05-07DOI: 10.1109/PICA.1995.515192
H. Harsan, N. Hadjsaid, P. Pruvot
Security analysis is an important task in modern power system control centers. Security considerations must allow for both active power problems (thermal limits) and reactive power problems involving nodal voltages (isolation and stability limits). There is a definite need for new methods capable of ensuring that system security limits will not be exceeded when abnormal conditions arise, applicable in the real time environment. In this paper, a general algorithm for automating cyclic security analysis is discussed. The algorithm developed uses data obtained from previous security analysis and filters out nondangerous contingencies with reduced computation time. The proposed method may be used to improve speed-up of existing contingency algorithms. Tests have been performed, on the French 225-400 kV grid containing 462 nodes and 855 branches. For this system 96 real states were analysed over a 24-hour-period in 15-minute-steps, These states were recorded on 19 January 1994 on the French grid. The tests confirm that our approach is both applicable and accurate.
{"title":"An adaptive prefilter algorithm for real-time cyclic security analysis","authors":"H. Harsan, N. Hadjsaid, P. Pruvot","doi":"10.1109/PICA.1995.515192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICA.1995.515192","url":null,"abstract":"Security analysis is an important task in modern power system control centers. Security considerations must allow for both active power problems (thermal limits) and reactive power problems involving nodal voltages (isolation and stability limits). There is a definite need for new methods capable of ensuring that system security limits will not be exceeded when abnormal conditions arise, applicable in the real time environment. In this paper, a general algorithm for automating cyclic security analysis is discussed. The algorithm developed uses data obtained from previous security analysis and filters out nondangerous contingencies with reduced computation time. The proposed method may be used to improve speed-up of existing contingency algorithms. Tests have been performed, on the French 225-400 kV grid containing 462 nodes and 855 branches. For this system 96 real states were analysed over a 24-hour-period in 15-minute-steps, These states were recorded on 19 January 1994 on the French grid. The tests confirm that our approach is both applicable and accurate.","PeriodicalId":294493,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Power Industry Computer Applications Conference","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134083349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-05-07DOI: 10.1109/PICA.1995.515197
M. Crow, J.G. Chen
In this paper, the multirate method is applied to the problem of simulating the dynamics of a power system which contains fast components such as induction machine loads and FACTS devices. Results concerning the numerical stability and accuracy of the multirate method are presented. Implementation concerns are also addressed by studying an example power system which contains a wide range of time response behavior.
{"title":"The multirate simulation of FACTS devices in power system dynamics","authors":"M. Crow, J.G. Chen","doi":"10.1109/PICA.1995.515197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICA.1995.515197","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the multirate method is applied to the problem of simulating the dynamics of a power system which contains fast components such as induction machine loads and FACTS devices. Results concerning the numerical stability and accuracy of the multirate method are presented. Implementation concerns are also addressed by studying an example power system which contains a wide range of time response behavior.","PeriodicalId":294493,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Power Industry Computer Applications Conference","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133487164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-05-07DOI: 10.1109/PICA.1995.515158
Yukitoki Tsukamoto, Isao Iyoda
This paper describes a methodology to allocate the cost of transmission network facilities to wheeling transactions in decentralized power systems. The authors propose that the responsibility placed on transmission facilities involved in each transaction be according to the transmission usage pattern. Their proposal incorporates the MW-mile method and considers economies of scale of transmission network facilities. They also incorporate a nucleolus scheme in the cooperative game theory to deal with matters of conflict. The applicability of their method is demonstrated in a numerical example.
{"title":"Allocation of fixed transmission cost to wheeling transactions by cooperative game theory","authors":"Yukitoki Tsukamoto, Isao Iyoda","doi":"10.1109/PICA.1995.515158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICA.1995.515158","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a methodology to allocate the cost of transmission network facilities to wheeling transactions in decentralized power systems. The authors propose that the responsibility placed on transmission facilities involved in each transaction be according to the transmission usage pattern. Their proposal incorporates the MW-mile method and considers economies of scale of transmission network facilities. They also incorporate a nucleolus scheme in the cooperative game theory to deal with matters of conflict. The applicability of their method is demonstrated in a numerical example.","PeriodicalId":294493,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Power Industry Computer Applications Conference","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131146934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-05-07DOI: 10.1109/PICA.1995.515209
D. Reichelt, E. Ecknauer, H. Glavitsch
In real three-phase power systems, the voltages and currents are not fully symmetrical. A method has been developed to estimate the effects of slight unbalanced network conditions for steady-state operation. A conventional power flow is followed by a linear incremental calculation using a three-phase model of the network. The unbalanced condition is handled like a multiple unbalanced fault. The process is illustrated for the case of a transformer bank with nonidentical single phase units. The results show the effects of different transformer reactances and different voltage ratios, respectively.
{"title":"Estimation of steady-state unbalanced system conditions combining conventional power flow and fault analysis software","authors":"D. Reichelt, E. Ecknauer, H. Glavitsch","doi":"10.1109/PICA.1995.515209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICA.1995.515209","url":null,"abstract":"In real three-phase power systems, the voltages and currents are not fully symmetrical. A method has been developed to estimate the effects of slight unbalanced network conditions for steady-state operation. A conventional power flow is followed by a linear incremental calculation using a three-phase model of the network. The unbalanced condition is handled like a multiple unbalanced fault. The process is illustrated for the case of a transformer bank with nonidentical single phase units. The results show the effects of different transformer reactances and different voltage ratios, respectively.","PeriodicalId":294493,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Power Industry Computer Applications Conference","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116941602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-05-07DOI: 10.1109/PICA.1995.515180
M. Christoforidis, M. Aganagic, B. Awobamise, S. Tong, A. Rahimi
This paper describes the modeling approach and the solution techniques that were employed in developing the long-term/mid-term resource scheduling (LMRS) function for the power system of Schweizerische Bundesbahnen (Swiss Railways). LMRS together with the annual load forecast and annual maintenance scheduling functions constitute the long-term/mid-term operational planning subsystem of Swiss Railways' new energy management system.
{"title":"Long-term/mid-term resource optimization of a hydro-dominant power system using interior point method","authors":"M. Christoforidis, M. Aganagic, B. Awobamise, S. Tong, A. Rahimi","doi":"10.1109/PICA.1995.515180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICA.1995.515180","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the modeling approach and the solution techniques that were employed in developing the long-term/mid-term resource scheduling (LMRS) function for the power system of Schweizerische Bundesbahnen (Swiss Railways). LMRS together with the annual load forecast and annual maintenance scheduling functions constitute the long-term/mid-term operational planning subsystem of Swiss Railways' new energy management system.","PeriodicalId":294493,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Power Industry Computer Applications Conference","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114559790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-05-07DOI: 10.1109/PICA.1995.515269
I. Slutsker, S. Mokhtari, L.A. Jaques, J. Provost, M.B. Perez, J.B. Sierra, F. González, J.M.M. Figueroa
The paper describes the first implementation of phase angle measurements in an industrial power system state estimator. Transducers for measuring phase angles using satellite clock synchronization were installed at Sevillana de Electricidad and incorporated into the data acquisition subsystem of the EMS. The state estimator was modified to support the processing of phasor telemetry. The enhancements to the state estimator algorithm are described in the paper. The modified state estimator was subjected to intensive testing prior to installation in the field. The results of all experiments as well as classification of phasor measurement effectiveness are reported in the paper. Phasor measurements were found to provide valuable information about the power network and improve the accuracy of the state estimation.
{"title":"Implementation of phasor measurements in state estimator at Sevillana de Electricidad","authors":"I. Slutsker, S. Mokhtari, L.A. Jaques, J. Provost, M.B. Perez, J.B. Sierra, F. González, J.M.M. Figueroa","doi":"10.1109/PICA.1995.515269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICA.1995.515269","url":null,"abstract":"The paper describes the first implementation of phase angle measurements in an industrial power system state estimator. Transducers for measuring phase angles using satellite clock synchronization were installed at Sevillana de Electricidad and incorporated into the data acquisition subsystem of the EMS. The state estimator was modified to support the processing of phasor telemetry. The enhancements to the state estimator algorithm are described in the paper. The modified state estimator was subjected to intensive testing prior to installation in the field. The results of all experiments as well as classification of phasor measurement effectiveness are reported in the paper. Phasor measurements were found to provide valuable information about the power network and improve the accuracy of the state estimation.","PeriodicalId":294493,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Power Industry Computer Applications Conference","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132001862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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