Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability最新文献

英文中文

The paradox of climate resilience and elusive peace in the Lake Chad Basin: a case for an adaptive governance approach 乍得湖流域气候适应能力与难以捉摸的和平之间的矛盾：适应性治理方法的案例

IF 6.6 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability

Pub Date : 2025-03-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.cosust.2025.101523

Lembe Tiky , Melvis Ndiloseh

For several decades, the Lake Chad Basin has served as a laboratory for scientific inquiries on anthropogenic security challenges in Africa. Between 1963 and the early 1990s, more than 90% of Lake Chad vanished, largely due to environmental stressors and overuse — for farming, fishing, livestock herding, and power generation. The receding Lake has been associated with a complex array of human security concerns, including food insecurity, loss of lives, biodiversity and livelihoods, poverty, droughts, enforced migration, violent conflicts, and terrorism. Since the 1990s, however, thanks in part to local climate resilience, the volume of the Lake has remained fairly stable despite rising temperatures and demography. Yet, trends reveal that armed conflicts and insecurity in the region continue to resurge periodically over the last two decades, derailing prospects for durable peace. The potential gains of adaptation are undermined by severe governance deficits. Drawing from relevant secondary sources, expert opinion interviews, a focus group discussion, and key informant interviews, this paper interrogates this paradox, highlighting the merits and limits of climate resilience for forging durable peace in the Lake Chad Basin. It builds the case for participatory adaptive governance as a more inclusive approach to sustainable conflict transformation in the Anthropocene.

几十年来，乍得湖盆地一直是非洲人为安全挑战科学研究的实验室。从1963年到90年代初，超过90%的乍得湖消失了，主要是由于环境压力和农业、渔业、畜牧业和发电的过度使用。退湖与一系列复杂的人类安全问题有关，包括粮食不安全、生命损失、生物多样性和生计、贫困、干旱、被迫迁移、暴力冲突和恐怖主义。然而，自20世纪90年代以来，部分由于当地的气候适应能力，尽管气温和人口不断上升，湖泊的体积仍然保持相当稳定。然而，趋势表明，在过去二十年中，该区域的武装冲突和不安全继续周期性地死灰复燃，破坏了持久和平的前景。严重的治理赤字削弱了适应气候变化的潜在收益。本文从相关的二手资料、专家意见访谈、焦点小组讨论和关键线人访谈中，对这一悖论进行了质疑，强调了气候适应能力对于在乍得湖盆地建立持久和平的优点和局限性。它建立了参与性适应性治理的案例，将其作为人类世可持续冲突转型的更具包容性的方法。

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引用次数: 0

Productivity versus sustainability: paradigms of climate-resilient development in South Asian smallholder agriculture 生产力与可持续性：南亚小农农业气候适应型发展模式

IF 6.6 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability

Pub Date : 2025-03-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.cosust.2025.101520

Gautam Prateek

The sixth IPCC report highlights the profound challenges climate change poses to smallholder agriculture, particularly in South Asia. This review critically examines pathways for climate-resilient development (CRD) in smallholder agriculture through a traditional literature review of 98 key studies/reports, supplemented by computational text analysis of 3822 SCOPUS abstracts. Two dominant paradigms emerge: the productivity-market-technology approach, emphasizing efficiency, and the sustainability-justice-community approach, focusing on equity. While the former dominates, critical gaps persist in addressing smallholder heterogeneity, diverse livelihoods, and the integration of smallholder-specific knowledge with climate and crop science. Structural vulnerabilities, gender equity, and community-led approaches are similarly underexplored. The review highlights tensions in the existing scholarship between equity and efficiency in conceptualizing resilience and calls for expanding the CRD-smallholder-agriculture discourse to better reflect the complexities and diverse realities of smallholder systems.

IPCC第六次报告强调了气候变化给小农农业带来的深刻挑战，特别是在南亚。本文通过对98项关键研究/报告的传统文献综述，并辅以对3822篇SCOPUS摘要的计算文本分析，对小农农业气候适应型发展（CRD）的途径进行了批判性研究。出现了两种主要的范式：强调效率的生产力-市场-技术方法和注重公平的可持续性-正义-社区方法。虽然前者占主导地位，但在解决小农异质性、多样化的生计以及将小农特有知识与气候和作物科学相结合方面，仍然存在重大差距。结构性脆弱性、性别平等和社区主导的方法同样未得到充分探讨。这篇综述强调了现有学术研究中公平与效率之间在弹性概念上的紧张关系，并呼吁扩大关于农村发展与小农农业的论述，以更好地反映小农系统的复杂性和多样性现实。

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引用次数: 0

The transformative potential of eDNA-based biodiversity impact assessment 基于电子 DNA 的生物多样性影响评估的变革潜力

IF 6.6 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability

Pub Date : 2025-03-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.cosust.2025.101517

Emma Granqvist , Robert M Goodsell , Mats Töpel , Fredrik Ronquist

Biodiversity impact assessments aim to enable market actors, regulators, and political agents to effectively steer human activities in a more sustainable direction. However, current biodiversity impact assessments often rely on biased, incomplete, or indirect data. We review the potential of addressing these shortcomings using emerging methods based on environmental DNA (eDNA). The eDNA technologies are developing rapidly, and DNA metabarcoding is now sufficiently mature to allow cost-effective, standardized recording of detailed local biodiversity data. The eDNA data allow computation of a wide range of the essential biodiversity variables, and open data reporting mechanisms are already in place. If companies were required to collect and openly report eDNA data documenting their impact, they could optimize biodiversity outcomes in relation to productivity and other factors in a fast development cycle. Simultaneously, publicly funded research could focus on analyzing the data and successively refining actionable metrics based on fundamental ecological principles.

生物多样性影响评估旨在使市场参与者、监管机构和政治机构能够有效地引导人类活动朝着更可持续的方向发展。然而，目前的生物多样性影响评估往往依赖于有偏见的、不完整的或间接的数据。我们回顾了利用基于环境DNA （eDNA）的新兴方法解决这些缺点的潜力。eDNA技术正在迅速发展，DNA元条形码技术现在已经足够成熟，可以实现成本效益高、标准化的详细的本地生物多样性数据记录。eDNA数据允许计算广泛的基本生物多样性变量，并且开放数据报告机制已经到位。如果要求公司收集并公开报告记录其影响的eDNA数据，他们可以在快速开发周期中优化与生产力和其他因素相关的生物多样性结果。同时，公共资助的研究可以专注于分析数据，并根据基本的生态原则逐步完善可操作的指标。

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引用次数: 0

Community-based approaches to biodiversity finance 以社区为基础的生物多样性融资方法

IF 6.6 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability

Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.cosust.2025.101521

Rosemary Hill , Diane Jarvis , Kirsten Maclean , Diego O Melgar , Emma Woodward , Rodney Carter , Ewamian Limited , Whitney Rassip , Phil Rist , Edmundo Claro

Indigenous peoples and local communities live in, manage, and own large regions and require investment to finance their biodiversity management strategies. Their approaches are proactive and powerful, with clear agency to drive futures that include consistent biodiversity finance. Our literature review and illustrative case studies highlight five factors that influence how communities forge pathways based on their world views and knowledge systems, underpinned by recognition of rights, compensation for damage by colonizers, and establishment of organizations with culturally valid governance to leverage biodiversity finance. Global actors, such as the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity implementing the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, need to understand the history and characteristics of these pathways and tailor their finance to suit — for example, to finance governance and organizational development for some and protected area management for others.

土著人民和地方社区生活、管理和拥有大片地区，需要投资为其生物多样性管理战略提供资金。他们的方法是积极而有力的，有明确的机构来推动未来，包括持续的生物多样性融资。我们的文献综述和说明性案例研究强调了影响社区如何根据其世界观和知识体系形成道路的五个因素，这些因素以承认权利、赔偿殖民者的损害以及建立具有文化上有效治理的组织为基础，以利用生物多样性融资。全球行为体，如实施《昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架》的《生物多样性公约》缔约方，需要了解这些途径的历史和特征，并调整其资金以适应这些途径——例如，为一些国家的治理和组织发展提供资金，为另一些国家的保护区管理提供资金。

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引用次数: 0

Barriers and limits to adaptation in the Arctic 北极地区适应气候变化的障碍和限制

IF 6.6 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability

Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.cosust.2025.101519

Ishfaq Hussain Malik , James D Ford

The Arctic is experiencing rapid environmental changes, adaptation challenges, and geopolitical competition. Indigenous Peoples inhabiting the Arctic particularly experience these impacts affecting livelihoods, culture, and the possibilities for long-term adaptation. This study examines the social barriers and limits to adaptation in the Arctic, highlighting the intricate relationship between different social factors. We showcase that these factors are not merely technical or isolated but are deeply political in nature, influenced by broader structural factors, power dynamics, and governance systems. Colonialism, global capitalism, and geopolitical interests intersect and affect resource extraction, Indigenous sovereignty, cultural continuity, and adaptation. We highlight how structural inequalities, exclusion, marginalisation, and systemic neglect impact Indigenous Peoples’ adaptation. We examine how social norms, individual values, psychosocial factors, and governance systems shape adaptation outcomes, distinguishing between barriers and limits.

北极正在经历快速的环境变化、适应挑战和地缘政治竞争。居住在北极的土著人民尤其感受到这些影响，影响到生计、文化和长期适应的可能性。本研究考察了北极适应的社会障碍和限制，突出了不同社会因素之间的复杂关系。我们表明，这些因素不仅仅是技术性的或孤立的，而且在本质上具有深刻的政治性，受到更广泛的结构因素、权力动态和治理系统的影响。殖民主义、全球资本主义和地缘政治利益相互交织，影响着资源开采、土著主权、文化连续性和适应性。我们强调结构性不平等、排斥、边缘化和系统性忽视如何影响土著人民的适应。我们研究了社会规范、个人价值观、社会心理因素和治理系统如何影响适应结果，并区分了障碍和限制。

引用次数: 0

Future-proofing our ports against biological invasion 未来保护我们的港口免受生物入侵

IF 6.6 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability

Pub Date : 2025-02-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.cosust.2025.101518

Katherine Dafforn

Ports are growing globally with increases in throughput and associated infrastructure. While increased vessel throughput increases the chance of nonindigenous species (NIS) arriving in a port, the construction of new wharves and jetties increases the space available for their establishment. Here, I review links between ports and NIS and describe methods used to detect and protect from NIS in ports and how new technology can help to future-proof ports from biological invasion. Tools such as eDNA sampling and metabarcoding have the potential to speed up detection and response but suffer from a lack of standardised protocols and are limited by current global databases. Protecting artificial structures from NIS establishment using natural defences such as biological control and growth of native species is promising but remains constrained by port operational requirements. Detecting and protecting against biological invasion in commercial ports will be increasingly important, with capacity expected to double by 2030.

随着吞吐量和相关基础设施的增加，全球港口正在增长。虽然船舶吞吐量的增加增加了非本地物种（NIS）到达港口的机会，但新码头和码头的建设增加了它们的可用空间。在这里，我回顾了端口和NIS之间的联系，并描述了用于检测和保护端口中的NIS的方法，以及新技术如何帮助未来的端口免受生物入侵。eDNA采样和元条形码等工具有可能加快检测和反应速度，但缺乏标准化协议，并且受到当前全球数据库的限制。利用生物控制和本地物种生长等自然防御措施保护人工结构免受NIS的建立是有希望的，但仍然受到港口运营要求的限制。探测和防范商业港口的生物入侵将变得越来越重要，预计到2030年，其能力将翻一番。

引用次数: 0

The ethical foundations of biodiversity metrics 生物多样性度量的伦理基础

IF 6.6 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cosust.2024.101503

Eliza C Nobles

Contemporarily, biodiversity loss is the prominent concern of the conservation movement. In reaction to the escalating depletion of biodiversity, governments and organizations are crafting policies and strategies with a central focus on biodiversity conservation. Assessing the extent of biodiversity loss and its relationship with human society necessitates reliable ecological metrics. However, the tools used to assess biodiversity encompass not only empirical dimensions but also normative values that shape conservation outcomes. This review examines the normative dialog implicit in our conceptualizations and measurements of biodiversity through the chronological framework of four conservation focal areas: Red Listing, species richness, environmental indicators, and the integration of human values. This investigation underscores the imperative to more clearly articulate the values of the conservation movement, a task that is even more pressing with the emergence of novel biodiversity finance tools.

目前，生物多样性的丧失是保护运动的主要关注点。为了应对生物多样性日益减少的问题，各国政府和组织正在制定以生物多样性保护为中心的政策和战略。评估生物多样性丧失的程度及其与人类社会的关系需要可靠的生态指标。然而，用于评估生物多样性的工具不仅包括经验层面，还包括影响保护结果的规范性价值。本文通过四个保护重点领域（红色名录、物种丰富度、环境指标和人类价值的整合）的时间框架，考察了我们对生物多样性的概念和测量中隐含的规范性对话。这项调查强调了更清楚地阐明保护运动价值的必要性，随着新的生物多样性融资工具的出现，这项任务变得更加紧迫。

引用次数: 0

The role of governance in limits to adaptation 治理在限制适应方面的作用

IF 6.6 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cosust.2024.101492

Sirkku Juhola , Alexandra Malmström

There is a concern that limits to adaptation may be reached, meaning that adaptation to climate change is no longer possible. Limits in ecological systems indicate a collapse of that system, while in social systems, this may mean reorienting livelihoods or retreating from locations under threat. The role of governance with regard to limits has been largely unexplored so far. In this commentary, we examine limits from the perspective of governance, pointing out the ways in which governance can lead to limits emerging for actors in society. We further consider to what extent the governance system itself may have limits, which can have severe consequences to society.

人们担心，适应可能会达到极限，这意味着对气候变化的适应不再可能。生态系统的限制表明该系统的崩溃，而在社会系统中，这可能意味着重新调整生计或从受到威胁的地方撤退。迄今为止，在限制方面治理的作用在很大程度上尚未得到探索。在这篇评论中，我们从治理的角度考察了限制，指出治理可能导致社会行为者出现限制的方式。我们进一步考虑治理制度本身在多大程度上可能存在局限性，这可能对社会造成严重后果。

引用次数: 0

The European deforestation-free trade regulation: collateral damage to agroforesters? 欧洲自由砍伐森林贸易条例：农林农的附带损害？

IF 6.6 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cosust.2024.101505

Meine van Noordwijk , Beria Leimona , Peter A Minang

The new European Union regulation for deforestation-free trade (EUDR) leads to collateral damage for a subset of producer countries, for small-scale producers within all countries, and especially for those with forest-like agroforestry production systems. Focus on an (over)simplified deforestation concept helped in getting agreement on goals, but means of implementation affect the full complexity of real landscapes. An umbrella concept such as ‘forest’ allows different stakeholders to interpret the term as they like. The intricacies of forest definitions in a natural–managed–transformed–reconstructed tree cover continuum need to be recognized when the term forest is used legally. By misclassifying agroforestry systems as forest, the EUDR maps cause collateral (unintended) damage to an otherwise desirable land use and a vulnerable stakeholder group. When real-world responses and possible collateral damage become clear, policy adjustments will need to go back the drawing board once the stages of denial, conspiracy interpretations and blame games are passed.

欧洲联盟新的无毁林贸易条例（EUDR）给一部分生产国、所有国家的小规模生产者，特别是那些拥有类似森林的农林业生产系统的国家带来附带损害。专注于（过度）简化的毁林概念有助于就目标达成一致，但实施手段会影响实际景观的全部复杂性。像“森林”这样的伞形概念允许不同的利益相关者按照他们喜欢的方式解释这个术语。在合法使用“森林”一词时，必须认识到在自然管理-转换-重建的树木覆盖连续体中森林定义的复杂性。由于将农林业系统错误地分类为森林，EUDR地图对原本理想的土地使用和弱势利益相关者群体造成了附带（意外）损害。当现实世界的反应和可能的附带损害变得清晰时，一旦否认、阴谋解释和指责游戏的阶段过去，政策调整就需要重新开始。

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Patterns in reported adaptation constraints: insights from peer-reviewed literature on floods and sea-level rise 报告的适应约束模式：来自同行评议的洪水和海平面上升文献的见解

IF 6.6 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cosust.2024.101502

Sofia Gil-Clavel , Thorid Wagenblast , Joos Akkerman , Tatiana Filatova

Understanding climate change adaptation constraints for different actors — governments, communities, individuals, and households — is essential, as adaptation turns into a matter of survival. Though rich qualitative research reveals constraints for diverse cases, methods to consolidate knowledge and elicit patterns in adaptation constraints for various actors are scarce. Therefore, this work analyzes associations between different adaptations and actors’ constraints to climate-induced floods and sea-level rise. Our novel approach derives textual data from peer-reviewed articles (published before February 2024) by using natural language processing, thematic coding books, and network analysis. The results show that social capital, economic factors, and government support are constraints shared among all actors.

了解不同行为体（政府、社区、个人和家庭）的气候变化适应制约因素至关重要，因为适应已成为生存问题。尽管丰富的定性研究揭示了不同案例的约束条件，但整合知识并推导出不同行为体适应约束模式的方法却很少。因此，本研究分析了气候引起的洪水和海平面上升的不同适应和行为体约束之间的联系。我们的新方法通过使用自然语言处理、主题编码书籍和网络分析，从同行评审的文章（在2024年2月之前发表）中提取文本数据。结果表明，社会资本、经济因素和政府支持是各行为主体共同的约束条件。

引用次数: 0

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