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MAC Protocol Analysis for Wireless Sensor Networks 无线传感器网络的MAC协议分析
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/jitr.298617
Huan Zhang, Feng Wang
In wireless sensor networks, MAC protocol is used to achieve efficient, fair and balanced allocation of wireless channel resources and access control of nodes in the network, and to control the communication process of nodes in the network. The energy consumption of wireless sensor nodes is mainly concentrated in the communication unit, including: data transceiver, idle listening, protocol control overhead, etc. A good MAC protocol is beneficial to reduce unnecessary energy consumption and enhance node life time. At the same time, MAC protocol, as the bottom protocol of wireless sensor network, provides a stable and reliable communication foundation for the realization of the upper protocol. Therefore, a large number of scholars at home and abroad have carried out extensive and in-depth research on MAC layer protocol of network. In this paper, the research process and progress of MAC layer protocol in wireless sensor networks are analyzed, and the research progress of MAC layer protocol in multi-radio frequency and multi-channel wireless sensor networks is analyzed.
在无线传感器网络中,使用MAC协议实现无线信道资源的高效、公平、均衡分配和网络中节点的访问控制,控制网络中节点的通信过程。无线传感器节点的能耗主要集中在通信单元,包括:数据收发、空闲监听、协议控制开销等。一个好的MAC协议有利于减少不必要的能耗,提高节点的寿命。同时,MAC协议作为无线传感器网络的底层协议,为上层协议的实现提供了稳定可靠的通信基础。因此,国内外大量学者对网络的MAC层协议进行了广泛而深入的研究。本文分析了无线传感器网络中MAC层协议的研究过程和进展,分析了MAC层协议在多射频多通道无线传感器网络中的研究进展。
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引用次数: 0
Finding Relevant Documents in a Search Engine Using N-Grams Model and Reinforcement Learning 利用N-Grams模型和强化学习在搜索引擎中查找相关文档
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/jitr.299930
Amine El Hadi, Youness Madani, R. Ayachi, M. Erritali
The field of information retrieval (IR) is an important area in computer science, this domain helps us to find information that we are interested in from an important volume of information. A search engine is the best example of the application of information retrieval to get the most relevant results. In this paper, we propose a new recommendation approach for recommending relevant documents to a search engine’s users. In this work, we proposed a new approach for calculating the similarity between a user query and a list of documents in a search engine. The proposed method uses a new reinforcement learning algorithm based on n-grams model (i.e., a sub-sequence of n constructed elements from a given sequence) and a similarity measure. Results show that our method outperforms some methods from the literature with a high value of accuracy.
信息检索(information retrieval, IR)是计算机科学中的一个重要领域,它帮助我们从大量的信息中找到我们感兴趣的信息。搜索引擎是应用信息检索来获得最相关结果的最好例子。在本文中,我们提出了一种新的推荐方法,用于向搜索引擎用户推荐相关文档。在这项工作中,我们提出了一种新的方法来计算用户查询和搜索引擎中文档列表之间的相似性。该方法采用了一种新的基于n-grams模型(即从给定序列中构造n个元素的子序列)和相似性度量的强化学习算法。结果表明,该方法优于文献中的一些方法,具有较高的准确率。
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引用次数: 0
A Multi-Budget-Based Approach to Enhance the Responsiveness of Aperiodic Task for a Bandwidth-Preserving Server in Real-Time Systems 基于多预算的实时系统保带宽服务器非周期任务响应性增强方法
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/jitr.299917
Ajitesh Kumar, S. Gupta
Within the advanced computation time, real-time application pulled in much more attention. Implementing a better high-quality real-time system requires to improve the responsiveness of the tasks set. This research work aims to achieve the best quality of service (QoS) in terms of improving the responsiveness of aperiodic tasks and also improved acceptability domain, by accepting to execute multiple aperiodic functions while maintaining the feasibility of periodic tasks in Real-Time System.The functional analysis with simulation shows that proposed algorithm is highly effective in terms of task sets deemed schedulable and also by allowing aperiodic tasks that were rejected by existing approaches.The simulation results indicate that it reduces overall average response time of aperiodic task approximately 13% at lowest periodic load (35%), 7% at 60% periodic load and 4% at 80% periodic load and in all observed circumstances the proposed novel algorithm received 7%-10% improve over existing one.
在先进的计算时间内,实时应用越来越受到人们的关注。实现更好的高质量实时系统需要提高任务集的响应性。本研究工作旨在通过在实时系统中接受执行多个非周期功能的同时保持周期任务的可行性,从而在提高非周期任务的响应性和改进可接受域方面实现最佳的服务质量(QoS)。仿真功能分析表明,本文提出的算法在任务集可调度和允许非周期任务方面是非常有效的,而非周期任务是现有方法所拒绝的。仿真结果表明,该算法在最低周期负载下(35%)可将非周期任务的总体平均响应时间缩短约13%,在60%周期负载下可缩短7%,在80%周期负载下可缩短4%,在所有观察到的情况下,该算法均比现有算法提高7% ~ 10%。
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引用次数: 0
COVID-19 Pandemic: Insights of Newspaper Trends COVID-19大流行:报纸趋势的见解
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/jitr.299390
J. Kaur, A. Chhabra, M. Saini, N. Bačanin
Our study aims to analyze the change in coverage of health issues awareness, printed on the front page of Indian E-Papers (The Hindustan Times and The Times of India) for the pre-and- peri coronavirus period. The collected news articles are examined by performing the Latent Dirichlet Allocation algorithm. The sentiment analysis is performed to analyze the change in the emotions aroused from news articles. The outcome regarding the pre-coronavirus period reveals that the focus of the e-papers was mostly on politics, crime, and economy whereas, in the peri-coronavirus period, the e-papers are focusing more (i.e. 40 % topics) on publishing the news related to disseminating the awareness about the Coronavirus disease. The priority of news topics includes the active number of cases, medical facilities, COVID-19 testing. The outcome regarding sentiment analysis reveals that negative sentiments are prominent in the peri-coronavirus period due to fear of the outbreak of the virus.
我们的研究旨在分析印度电子报纸(《印度斯坦时报》和《印度时报》)头版上关于健康问题意识的报道在冠状病毒爆发前和爆发后的变化。通过执行潜狄利克雷分配算法对收集到的新闻文章进行检验。通过情绪分析来分析新闻文章引起的情绪变化。关于冠状病毒前时期的结果显示,电子报纸的重点主要是政治、犯罪和经济,而在冠状病毒期间,电子报纸更多地关注(即40%的主题)发布与传播冠状病毒疾病相关的新闻。新闻主题的优先级包括活跃病例数、医疗设施、COVID-19检测。情绪分析结果显示,由于担心新冠疫情的爆发,在新冠疫情前后,消极情绪非常突出。
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引用次数: 0
Research on the Multi-Objective Optimization for Return Rate and Risk of Financial Resource Allocation 金融资源配置收益率与风险的多目标优化研究
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/jitr.299950
S. Wan
Aiming at the problems existing in the optimal allocation of financial resources, this paper establishes an optimization model and calculates the optimal allocation coefficient. With the help of Markowitz's investment theory, two indicators, which are investment risk and return rate, are analyzed quantitatively. Firstly, by analyzing the allocation efficiency and risk of financial resources, the allocation efficiency model is established, and the problem is decomposed into a finite 0-1 programming problem, which is solved by Hungarian Method. Secondly, considering the minimum allocation risk and the expected maximum return, the multi-objective model is solved by progressive optimal algorithm. The model reflects both unsatisfaction and risk avoidance which are the two characteristics of rational investment behavior. The analysis shows that the model has strong applicability and can be expected to improve the allocation efficiency of financial resources and reduce the allocation risk.
针对金融资源优化配置中存在的问题,建立了优化模型,并计算了最优配置系数。借助马科维茨的投资理论,对投资风险和回报率两个指标进行了定量分析。首先,通过对金融资源配置效率和风险的分析,建立了金融资源配置效率模型,并将其分解为一个有限的0-1规划问题,采用匈牙利法进行求解。其次,考虑配置风险最小和期望收益最大,采用渐进优化算法求解多目标模型;该模型反映了不满意和风险规避这两个理性投资行为的特征。分析表明,该模型具有较强的适用性,有望提高金融资源的配置效率,降低配置风险。
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引用次数: 0
Alignment Conservativity Under the Ontology Change 本体变化下的对齐保守性
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/jitr.299923
Yahia Atig, Ahmed Zahaf, D. Bouchiha, M. Malki
Recently, many methods have appeared to solve the problem of the evolution of alignment under the change of ontologies. The main challenge for them is to maintain consistency of alignment after applying the change. An alignment is consistent if and only if the ontologies remain consistent even when used in conjunction with the alignment. The objective of this work is to take a step forward by considering the alignment evolution according to the conservativity principle under the change of ontologies. In this context, an alignment is conservative if the ontological change should not introduce new semantic relationships between concepts from one of the input ontologies. We give methods for the conservativity violation detection and repair under the change of ontologies and we carry out an experiment on a dataset adapted from the Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative. The experiment demonstrates both the practical applicability of the proposed approach and shows the limits of the alignment evolution methods compared to the alignment conservativity under the change of ontologies.
近年来,出现了许多解决本体变化下对齐演化问题的方法。他们面临的主要挑战是在应用变更之后保持对齐的一致性。当且仅当本体与对齐结合使用时保持一致时,对齐才是一致的。本工作的目的是通过考虑本体论变化下的保守性原理的对齐演化,向前迈进一步。在这种情况下,如果本体论的更改不应该在其中一个输入本体论的概念之间引入新的语义关系,则对齐是保守的。给出了本体变化下的保守性冲突检测和修复方法,并在本体对齐评价倡议的数据集上进行了实验。实验证明了该方法的实用性,同时也表明了在本体变化情况下,与对准保守性相比,对准进化方法的局限性。
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引用次数: 1
Use of Artificial Neural Network for Forecasting Health Insurance Entitlements 人工神经网络在健康保险权利预测中的应用
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/jitr.299372
Sam Goundar, Akashdeep Bhardwaj, S. Prakash, Pranil Sadal
A number of numerical practices exist that actuaries use to predict annual medical claims expense in an insurance company. This amount needs to be included in the yearly financial budgets. Inappropriate estimating generally has negative effects on the overall performance of the business. This paper presents the development of Artificial Neural Network model that is appropriate for predicting the anticipated annual medical claims. Once the implementation of the neural network models were finished, the focus was to decrease the Mean Absolute Percentage Error by adjusting the parameters such as epoch, learning rate and neuron in different layers. Both Feed Forward and Recurrent Neural Networks were implemented to forecast the yearly claims amount. In conclusion, the Artificial Neural Network Model that was implemented proved to be an effective tool for forecasting the anticipated annual medical claims. Recurrent neural network outperformed Feed Forward neural network in terms of accuracy and computation power required to carry out the forecasting.
精算师使用一些数字实践来预测保险公司的年度医疗索赔费用。这笔金额需要列入年度财务预算。不恰当的估计通常会对业务的整体绩效产生负面影响。本文提出了一种适用于预测年度医疗理赔预期的人工神经网络模型。在完成神经网络模型的实现后,重点是通过调整不同层的epoch、学习率和神经元等参数来减小Mean Absolute Percentage Error。采用前馈神经网络和递归神经网络预测年理赔金额。总之,所实施的人工神经网络模型证明是预测预期年度医疗索赔的有效工具。递归神经网络在进行预测所需的精度和计算能力方面优于前馈神经网络。
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引用次数: 1
Internet of Things and Its Significance on Smart Homes/Cities 物联网及其对智能家居/城市的意义
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/jitr.299936
Sam Goundar, Akashdeep Bhardwaj, Deepika Bandhana, Melvin Avineshwar Prasad, Krishaal Kavish Chand
Smart homes and cities is one of the crucial topics for an individual of any age that requires almost zero computer literacy in order to benefit the leisure and luxury offered by smart homes and cities. Benefits offered by smart homes & cities are not only limited to leisure and luxury but other various areas of an individual’s life as well to aid them with information and communication; intelligent responses with the information collected and analyzed; environmental protection and public safety with surveillance. ‘Internet of things’ was invented in 1999 since then there has been a huge bloom in technologies, keeping in mind the present systematic development in sensors, wireless technology, artificial intelligence and machines & devices. This paper outlines the working prototypes that have been developed and deployed in developed countries and recommend to the pacific island nations to accept these technologies for the betterment of their countries. It will also compare the usage of energy and cost saving in smart city and how this can be beneficial to the nations in the Pacific.
智能家居和城市对于任何年龄的人来说都是一个至关重要的话题,为了享受智能家居和城市提供的休闲和奢侈,几乎不需要计算机知识。智能家居和城市提供的好处不仅限于休闲和奢侈品,还包括个人生活的其他各个领域,以及帮助他们获得信息和通信;收集和分析信息的智能响应;环境保护和公共安全与监督。“物联网”发明于1999年,从那时起,技术出现了巨大的发展,记住目前在传感器,无线技术,人工智能和机器设备方面的系统发展。本文概述了已在发达国家开发和部署的工作原型,并建议太平洋岛国为改善其国家而接受这些技术。它还将比较智慧城市的能源使用和成本节约,以及这对太平洋国家的好处。
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引用次数: 1
Model-Based Test Sequence Generation and Prioritization Using Ant Colony Optimization 基于模型的测试序列生成与蚁群优化
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/jitr.299946
Gayatri Nayak, M. Ray
The paper presents an approach to generate and optimize test sequences from the input UML activity diagram. For this, an algorithm is proposed called “Unified Modelling Language for Test Sequence Generation" (UMLTSG) that uses a search-based algorithm, named “Test Sequence Prioritization using Ant Colony Optimization" (TSP ACO) to generate and optimize test sequences. The algorithms overcome the existing limitations of handling complex decision-making activity such as conditional activity, fork activity, and join the activity. The optimization process helps to reduce the number of processing nodes that leads to minimizing the time and cost. The proposed approach experiments on a well-known application “Railway Ticket Reservation System" (RTRS). APFD metric measures the effectiveness of our approach and found that the prioritized order of test sequences achieved 20% higher APFD score. Apart from this, we have also experimented on six real life case studies and obtained an average of 52.16% reduction in redundant test paths.
本文提出了一种从输入UML活动图生成和优化测试序列的方法。为此,提出了一种名为“测试序列生成统一建模语言”(UMLTSG)的算法,该算法使用一种名为“使用蚁群优化的测试序列优先化”(TSP ACO)的基于搜索的算法来生成和优化测试序列。该算法克服了处理复杂决策活动(如条件活动、分叉活动和加入活动)的现有限制。优化过程有助于减少处理节点的数量,从而最大限度地减少时间和成本。提出的方法在一个著名的应用程序“铁路订票系统”(RTRS)上进行了实验。APFD度量度量了我们的方法的有效性,并发现测试序列的优先顺序达到了高出20%的APFD分数。除此之外,我们还在六个实际案例研究中进行了实验,并获得了冗余测试路径平均减少52.16%的结果。
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引用次数: 0
Business Continuity in Data Centers and Seismic Isolation Applications 数据中心的业务连续性和隔震应用
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/jitr.299928
M. Esen
Losses of earthquakes raised many questions regarding the adequacy of the current seismic design and seismic isolation in data centers. Organizations accommodated new explicit seismic isolation applications in their business continuity and disaster recovery plans. This aims acceptable damage levels that correspond acceptable business interruption for data centers in case of an earthquake. In this study, we aim to discuss the importance of seismic isolation applications which can be implemented for data centers within business continuity and disaster recovery planning contexts. To provide a clearer aspect on seismic isolation applications, the topic has been discussed within the framework of international standards. We conclude that GSA, ASCE and Uptime Institute provide internationally recognized standards which make raised floors a good option for data centers. These standards provide technical documentation for service functioning with high levels of availability during an outage.
地震造成的损失对数据中心目前的抗震设计和抗震隔离是否足够提出了许多问题。各组织在其业务连续性和灾难恢复计划中纳入了新的明确的地震隔离应用。其目标是在地震情况下数据中心可接受的业务中断对应的可接受的损坏级别。在本研究中,我们旨在讨论可在业务连续性和灾难恢复规划环境中为数据中心实施的地震隔离应用的重要性。为了对隔震应用提供一个更清晰的方面,在国际标准的框架内讨论了这一主题。我们得出的结论是,GSA、ASCE和Uptime Institute提供了国际公认的标准,使架空地板成为数据中心的一个很好的选择。这些标准提供了在停机期间具有高可用性的服务功能的技术文档。
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引用次数: 1
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J. Inf. Technol. Res.
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