Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.4067/s1726-569x2021000200297
Fernando Lolas Stepke
{"title":"Día mundial de la salud mental 2021","authors":"Fernando Lolas Stepke","doi":"10.4067/s1726-569x2021000200297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s1726-569x2021000200297","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29643,"journal":{"name":"Acta Bioethica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43259678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.4067/s1726-569x2021000200159
Fernando Lolas Stepke
{"title":"Diversidad de perspectivas y áreas limítrofes","authors":"Fernando Lolas Stepke","doi":"10.4067/s1726-569x2021000200159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s1726-569x2021000200159","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29643,"journal":{"name":"Acta Bioethica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46147385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-14DOI: 10.4067/S1726-569X2021000100101
A. Tavares, A. Travassos, Rodrigo da Silveira Tavares, Maria Francisca Rego, R. Nunes
{"title":"Teaching of ethics in medical undergraduate programs","authors":"A. Tavares, A. Travassos, Rodrigo da Silveira Tavares, Maria Francisca Rego, R. Nunes","doi":"10.4067/S1726-569X2021000100101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S1726-569X2021000100101","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29643,"journal":{"name":"Acta Bioethica","volume":"27 1","pages":"101-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45775723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.4067/s1726-569x2021000100137
Lorenzo Agar Corbinos
La instauración de la Teoría del Derecho en nuestros Planes de estudio jurídicos, adscrita al área de conocimiento de «Filosofía del Derecho, Moral y Política», invita a abrir un debate que, en la medida de lo posible, contribuya a clarificar su sentido y a promover eventuales acuerdos sobre los métodos y enfoques de la nueva disciplina. Friedrich Müller es un interlocutor versado y estimulante para conocer las rutas actuales de la Teoría del Derecho a quienes deseen recorrerlas con seguridad y provecho. Se trata de una figura prestigiosa de la Teoría del Derecho y.el Derecho Constitucional de Alemania, que ocupa la cátedra de estas disciplinas en la Universidad de Heidelberg. Su obra Strukturierende Rechtslehre constituye, en efecto, un síntoma ejemplar de los modos actuales de tratar teóricamente el Derecho. El libro se articula en dos partes: la primera supone una profunda reelaboración ampliada y actualizada de su anterior volumen sobre la estructura de la norma y la normatividad de Normstruktur undNormaüvitát (Berlín, 1966); la segunda proyecta esos esquemas normativos a la labor de los juristas en el terreno de la Metodología y de la Dogmática jurídica. La clarificación del significado de las normas y la elaboración metódica y teórica de las mismas son los «géminis» en el zodíaco de la concepción jurídica de Müller. Ambos empeños doctrinales tienen en común su referencia a la estructura normativa. Uno y otro consisten en aproximaciones teóricas, teoría y metateoría de las normas, que tienen la condición constitutiva de dirigirse a elucidar la estructura de la normatividad. Friedrich Müller define su concepción como una teoría estructural post-positivista de la norma jurídica (nach-positivistische Strukturtheorie der Rechtsnorm). Entiende por dicha teoría aquella que supera el positivismo jurídico tradicional, en particular, su identificación de la norma con su mera expresión lingüística. Müller opone a esa versión del positivismo una teoría de la norma abierta a la realidad social. Mediante esa apertura la dimensión vital y empírica de las normas permite superar la imagen formalista del sistema jurídico y del Estado de Derecho, tal como se desprendía del positivismo jurídico tradicional. Para explicitar los aspectos nucleares de su teoría post-positivista, Friedrich Müller recurre a una distinción, de la que ya tuve oportunidad de ocuparme al tratar de la interpretación constitucional (cfr. mi libro Derechos humanos, Estado de De-
{"title":"Recensiones","authors":"Lorenzo Agar Corbinos","doi":"10.4067/s1726-569x2021000100137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s1726-569x2021000100137","url":null,"abstract":"La instauración de la Teoría del Derecho en nuestros Planes de estudio jurídicos, adscrita al área de conocimiento de «Filosofía del Derecho, Moral y Política», invita a abrir un debate que, en la medida de lo posible, contribuya a clarificar su sentido y a promover eventuales acuerdos sobre los métodos y enfoques de la nueva disciplina. Friedrich Müller es un interlocutor versado y estimulante para conocer las rutas actuales de la Teoría del Derecho a quienes deseen recorrerlas con seguridad y provecho. Se trata de una figura prestigiosa de la Teoría del Derecho y.el Derecho Constitucional de Alemania, que ocupa la cátedra de estas disciplinas en la Universidad de Heidelberg. Su obra Strukturierende Rechtslehre constituye, en efecto, un síntoma ejemplar de los modos actuales de tratar teóricamente el Derecho. El libro se articula en dos partes: la primera supone una profunda reelaboración ampliada y actualizada de su anterior volumen sobre la estructura de la norma y la normatividad de Normstruktur undNormaüvitát (Berlín, 1966); la segunda proyecta esos esquemas normativos a la labor de los juristas en el terreno de la Metodología y de la Dogmática jurídica. La clarificación del significado de las normas y la elaboración metódica y teórica de las mismas son los «géminis» en el zodíaco de la concepción jurídica de Müller. Ambos empeños doctrinales tienen en común su referencia a la estructura normativa. Uno y otro consisten en aproximaciones teóricas, teoría y metateoría de las normas, que tienen la condición constitutiva de dirigirse a elucidar la estructura de la normatividad. Friedrich Müller define su concepción como una teoría estructural post-positivista de la norma jurídica (nach-positivistische Strukturtheorie der Rechtsnorm). Entiende por dicha teoría aquella que supera el positivismo jurídico tradicional, en particular, su identificación de la norma con su mera expresión lingüística. Müller opone a esa versión del positivismo una teoría de la norma abierta a la realidad social. Mediante esa apertura la dimensión vital y empírica de las normas permite superar la imagen formalista del sistema jurídico y del Estado de Derecho, tal como se desprendía del positivismo jurídico tradicional. Para explicitar los aspectos nucleares de su teoría post-positivista, Friedrich Müller recurre a una distinción, de la que ya tuve oportunidad de ocuparme al tratar de la interpretación constitucional (cfr. mi libro Derechos humanos, Estado de De-","PeriodicalId":29643,"journal":{"name":"Acta Bioethica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43590103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.4067/S1726-569X2021000100079
Manuel Fanega
: The hypothesis of reducing aggressiveness through transcranial direct current stimulation was recently tested on a cohort of inmates in Spain. The experiment, including 1.5 mA electric shocks, was an external research initiative that received the initial acquiescence of the carceral system. An alarm was raised at the time the research was published, encouraging the directorate of prisons to stop the ongoing replication of the experiment. Nevertheless, no (bio)ethics committee, in the universities or among bioethics experts, has questioned the research. In this think piece, we aim to again discuss some ethical approaches to these clinical interventions on crime. After its positivistic period, the field of criminology has been questioning the simple psychobiological approach to crime because of the reductionistic view of this phenomenon and its harmful consequences. Thus, we address academic experimentation under prison governance and the “re” roles of prisons. We argue that the minor disadvantages of such research, if performed with consent, could be positive if the research can minimize the harmfulness of prison itself; thus, penitentiary treatment and science should go together. Prison administrations, in addition to their duty to protect the individuals under their control from ethically biased research, must promote reintegration. We conclude that human rights are over criminal policy and science and that ethics are over narrower bioethics.
{"title":"Prison research: a bioethics or an ethics issue?","authors":"Manuel Fanega","doi":"10.4067/S1726-569X2021000100079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S1726-569X2021000100079","url":null,"abstract":": The hypothesis of reducing aggressiveness through transcranial direct current stimulation was recently tested on a cohort of inmates in Spain. The experiment, including 1.5 mA electric shocks, was an external research initiative that received the initial acquiescence of the carceral system. An alarm was raised at the time the research was published, encouraging the directorate of prisons to stop the ongoing replication of the experiment. Nevertheless, no (bio)ethics committee, in the universities or among bioethics experts, has questioned the research. In this think piece, we aim to again discuss some ethical approaches to these clinical interventions on crime. After its positivistic period, the field of criminology has been questioning the simple psychobiological approach to crime because of the reductionistic view of this phenomenon and its harmful consequences. Thus, we address academic experimentation under prison governance and the “re” roles of prisons. We argue that the minor disadvantages of such research, if performed with consent, could be positive if the research can minimize the harmfulness of prison itself; thus, penitentiary treatment and science should go together. Prison administrations, in addition to their duty to protect the individuals under their control from ethically biased research, must promote reintegration. We conclude that human rights are over criminal policy and science and that ethics are over narrower bioethics.","PeriodicalId":29643,"journal":{"name":"Acta Bioethica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46203942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.4067/S1726-569X2021000100027
Vicente Formoso, Sílvia Marina, Miguel Ricou
The difference between supply and demand of transplantable organs is a global problem, and one of the most discussed measures aiming to solve it is the implementation of a presumed consent (opt-out) policy in cadaveric organ donation. This type of system is controversial when it comes to its direct effects on organ donation rates as well as its ethical base. We aim to present the latest perspectives concerning the ethical implications of the policy, especially regarding consent: its need, the coherence of presuming it and the policy’s capacity to fulfill its requirements. From a community perspective, we advocate a default change in societies with an opt-out system, with a strong population education in that direction. The potential rights of family objection are also approached as well as the differences between theoretical discussion and concrete application of public policy.
{"title":"Presumed Consent for Organ Donation: An Incoherent Justification","authors":"Vicente Formoso, Sílvia Marina, Miguel Ricou","doi":"10.4067/S1726-569X2021000100027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S1726-569X2021000100027","url":null,"abstract":"The difference between supply and demand of transplantable organs is a global problem, and one of the most discussed measures aiming to solve it is the implementation of a presumed consent (opt-out) policy in cadaveric organ donation. This type of system is controversial when it comes to its direct effects on organ donation rates as well as its ethical base. We aim to present the latest perspectives concerning the ethical implications of the policy, especially regarding consent: its need, the coherence of presuming it and the policy’s capacity to fulfill its requirements. From a community perspective, we advocate a default change in societies with an opt-out system, with a strong population education in that direction. The potential rights of family objection are also approached as well as the differences between theoretical discussion and concrete application of public policy.","PeriodicalId":29643,"journal":{"name":"Acta Bioethica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42970765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.4067/S1726-569X2021000100119
J. V. López, A. Lizárraga, Patricia Muñoz Ojeda
{"title":"Tendencia de la cesárea: una reflexión desde la ética","authors":"J. V. López, A. Lizárraga, Patricia Muñoz Ojeda","doi":"10.4067/S1726-569X2021000100119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S1726-569X2021000100119","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29643,"journal":{"name":"Acta Bioethica","volume":"27 1","pages":"119-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45110418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.4067/S1726-569X2021000100059
Mónica Correia, G. Rêgo, R. Nunes
Recent studies highlight the importance of digital surveillance to gather individual health information due to the global pandemic caused by the new COVID-19 disease. This paper analyses its legal and ethical implications at the interface between the individual right to privacy and the collective interests of public health. We framed the discussion in law, deontology and utilitarianism. The lasted theories and human rights, especially privacy, are crucial in our argument. Health-derived dilemmas and efforts to solve them, especially by information technologies, bioethics and law, exist at these perspectives' interface. In particular, we analysed the intersection between autonomy, the right to privacy, and the so-called 'right to be forgotten' in the public health context. In other words, we studied the right to obtain from the controller the erasure of health data - a radical means of control over personal data established in Article 17 of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Given the lack of specifics regarding collection and re-use of such data under the broad scope of public health purposes, implied consent does not address the issue of proportionality. We highlight legal safeguards' insufficiency, suggesting applying the `right to be forgotten' according to an ethical interpretation.
{"title":"The Right to Be Forgotten and COVID-19: Privacy versus Public Interest","authors":"Mónica Correia, G. Rêgo, R. Nunes","doi":"10.4067/S1726-569X2021000100059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S1726-569X2021000100059","url":null,"abstract":"Recent studies highlight the importance of digital surveillance to gather individual health information due to the global pandemic caused by the new COVID-19 disease. This paper analyses its legal and ethical implications at the interface between the individual right to privacy and the collective interests of public health. We framed the discussion in law, deontology and utilitarianism. The lasted theories and human rights, especially privacy, are crucial in our argument. Health-derived dilemmas and efforts to solve them, especially by information technologies, bioethics and law, exist at these perspectives' interface. In particular, we analysed the intersection between autonomy, the right to privacy, and the so-called 'right to be forgotten' in the public health context. In other words, we studied the right to obtain from the controller the erasure of health data - a radical means of control over personal data established in Article 17 of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Given the lack of specifics regarding collection and re-use of such data under the broad scope of public health purposes, implied consent does not address the issue of proportionality. We highlight legal safeguards' insufficiency, suggesting applying the `right to be forgotten' according to an ethical interpretation.","PeriodicalId":29643,"journal":{"name":"Acta Bioethica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45483652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.4067/s1726-569x2021000100141
Liliana Mondragón Barrios
I. En el capítulo Primero trata de los antecedentes y presupuestos del control integrado de la contaminación. Como es de todos sabido, la Ley objeto de estudio proviene de la Directiva 96/61/CE cuya transposición es objeto de análisis. Ahora bien, la autora no se limita a establecer los antecedentes en la Directiva sino que analiza ampliamente los antecedentes europeos y norteamericanos del enfoque integrado en la prevención de la contaminación industrial haciendo una delimitación comparada desde un punto de vista normativo de esta nueva forma de proteger el medio ambiente.
{"title":"Recensiones","authors":"Liliana Mondragón Barrios","doi":"10.4067/s1726-569x2021000100141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s1726-569x2021000100141","url":null,"abstract":"I. En el capítulo Primero trata de los antecedentes y presupuestos del control integrado de la contaminación. Como es de todos sabido, la Ley objeto de estudio proviene de la Directiva 96/61/CE cuya transposición es objeto de análisis. Ahora bien, la autora no se limita a establecer los antecedentes en la Directiva sino que analiza ampliamente los antecedentes europeos y norteamericanos del enfoque integrado en la prevención de la contaminación industrial haciendo una delimitación comparada desde un punto de vista normativo de esta nueva forma de proteger el medio ambiente.","PeriodicalId":29643,"journal":{"name":"Acta Bioethica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43332566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.4067/s1726-569x2021000100143
Jorge Acevedo-Guerra
En este nuevo libro de Jorge Carpizo se recoge una selección de sus artículos y ensayos publicados entre los años 1991 y 2000. Aparte de sus otros libros, entre ellos El presidencialismo mexicano y el dedicado a los «Derechos Humanos», ya había recopilado otros trabajos suyos en el libro Estudios Constitucionales, donde se contienen artículos y ensayos publicados entre los años 1969 y 1988. Jorge Carpizo es una personalidad suficientemente conocida entre nosotros, por lo que no necesita de presentación. Pero deseo subrayar su trayectoria científica. Al margen de los importantísimos cargos académicos (Director del Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas, Rector de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México) y políticos (Presidente de la Comisión Nacional de Derechos Humanos, Ministro de la Suprema Corte de Justicia, Procurador General de la República, Secretario de Gobernación y Embajador de México en Francia) en cuyo desempeño demostró siempre su gran valía, su sentido institucional, su eficacia y su honradez, lo que caracteriza, ante todo, a Jorge Carpizo es su profunda vocación de investigador y por ello su notable producción intelectual, nunca abandonada. Es, sin duda, junto a su maestro el profesor Héctor Fix-Zamudio, y a otros discípulos de ese admirable jurista, uno de los más destacados constitucionalistas mexicanos.
{"title":"Recensiones","authors":"Jorge Acevedo-Guerra","doi":"10.4067/s1726-569x2021000100143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s1726-569x2021000100143","url":null,"abstract":"En este nuevo libro de Jorge Carpizo se recoge una selección de sus artículos y ensayos publicados entre los años 1991 y 2000. Aparte de sus otros libros, entre ellos El presidencialismo mexicano y el dedicado a los «Derechos Humanos», ya había recopilado otros trabajos suyos en el libro Estudios Constitucionales, donde se contienen artículos y ensayos publicados entre los años 1969 y 1988. Jorge Carpizo es una personalidad suficientemente conocida entre nosotros, por lo que no necesita de presentación. Pero deseo subrayar su trayectoria científica. Al margen de los importantísimos cargos académicos (Director del Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas, Rector de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México) y políticos (Presidente de la Comisión Nacional de Derechos Humanos, Ministro de la Suprema Corte de Justicia, Procurador General de la República, Secretario de Gobernación y Embajador de México en Francia) en cuyo desempeño demostró siempre su gran valía, su sentido institucional, su eficacia y su honradez, lo que caracteriza, ante todo, a Jorge Carpizo es su profunda vocación de investigador y por ello su notable producción intelectual, nunca abandonada. Es, sin duda, junto a su maestro el profesor Héctor Fix-Zamudio, y a otros discípulos de ese admirable jurista, uno de los más destacados constitucionalistas mexicanos.","PeriodicalId":29643,"journal":{"name":"Acta Bioethica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48295126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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