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Desafíos bioéticos del DSM-5: ¿ruptura, recalibración o más de lo mismo? DSM-5的生物伦理挑战:破裂、重新校准还是更多?
IF 0.4 4区 哲学 Q4 ETHICS Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.4067/S1726-569X2021000100009
G. Figueroa
: 1] The DSM-5 represents the incorporation of psychiatry into evidence-based medicine. 2] The psychiatry proper to the intention was transformed into that based on empirical validation. 3] The DSM-5 is an expression of modern science that gives priority to calculating, objectifying, classifying, operational knowledge. 4] An ethic of autonomy and fairness char- acteristic of verification was superimposed on the ethics of beneficence proper to the intention. 5] DSM-5 cannot determine whether psychiatric disorders are natural entities, practical types made by researchers, socially constructed entities, labels that are grouped into a system.
:1]DSM-5代表将精神病学纳入循证医学。2] 与意图相适应的精神病学转变为基于经验验证的精神病学。3] DSM-5是现代科学的一种表达,它优先考虑计算、对象化、分类和操作知识。4] 一种以验证为特征的自主性和公平性伦理叠加在符合意图的慈善伦理之上。5] DSM-5无法确定精神障碍是否是自然实体、研究人员制造的实际类型、社会构建的实体、分组到一个系统中的标签。
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引用次数: 0
Prevalence and Quality of Informed Consent for Patients Undergoing Cosmetic Procedures: A Cross Sectional Study 接受美容手术的患者知情同意的患病率和质量:一项横断面研究
IF 0.4 4区 哲学 Q4 ETHICS Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.4067/S1726-569X2021000100037
M. Alsaidan, Aisha H. Abuyassin, Hanin S. Alammar, Ghaiath Hussien
Background: Failure of the physician to disclose potential risks and benefits associated with cosmetic procedures is one of the main causes of legal disputes over informed consent. The objective was to assess the prevalence and quality of the informed consent given by patients who undergone cosmetic procedures and its association with post-procedure adverse events. Methods: It was a crosssectional, online, questionnaire-based study conducted during September and October 2020. Eligible adult male and female patients who were attending a governmental dermatology clinic at Al-Kharj city (Saudi Arabia) were invited to join the study. Results: A total of 246 patients were included in the study. Out of 246, 111 (45.1%) patients performed at least one cosmetic procedure before, and 89 (80.2%) of them signed an informed consent. 62 (69.7%) of them signed a consent before the procedure, 17 (19.1%) reported post-procedure adverse events, 16 (18.0%) reported dissatisfactions, and 27 (30.3%) reported either. None of the consent characteristics were significantly associated with higher prevalence of post-procedure adverse events or non-satisfactions. Conclusions: The prevalence and the quality of informed consent before cosmetic procedures are inadequate. Urgent corrections are required to protect the patient’s rights and to legally protect the treating physician.
背景:医生未能披露与美容手术相关的潜在风险和益处是知情同意法律纠纷的主要原因之一。目的是评估接受美容手术的患者的知情同意的发生率和质量及其与术后不良事件的关系。方法:这是一项在2020年9月和10月进行的横断面、在线、问卷调查研究。邀请在Al Kharj市(沙特阿拉伯)政府皮肤科诊所就诊的符合条件的成年男性和女性患者参加研究。结果:本研究共纳入246例患者。在246名患者中,111名(45.1%)患者之前至少进行过一次美容手术,其中89名(80.2%)患者签署了知情同意书。其中62人(69.7%)在手术前签署了同意书,17人(19.1%)报告了术后不良事件,16人(18.0%)报告不满意,27人(30.3%)报告了两者之一。没有任何同意特征与术后不良事件或不满意的发生率较高显著相关。结论:美容手术前知情同意的发生率和质量不高。需要紧急纠正,以保护患者的权利并从法律上保护治疗医生。
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引用次数: 2
“Translational humanities” y bioética como diálogo
IF 0.4 4区 哲学 Q4 ETHICS Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.4067/S1726-569X2021000100007
Fernando Lolas Stepke
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引用次数: 0
The Right to Be Forgotten versus the Right to Disclosure of Gamete Donors’ ID: Ethical and Legal Considerations 被遗忘权与披露配子捐赠者身份的权利:道德和法律考虑
IF 0.4 4区 哲学 Q4 ETHICS Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.4067/S1726-569X2021000100069
Mónica Correia, G. Rêgo, R. Nunes
: The anonymity of gamete donors in the context of medically-assisted reproduction techniques (ART) and the right of the offspring to know their genetic or biological parents’ identity is a controversial and widely debated topic in the scientific literature. The positions on the issue in each country are different. Sometimes they are in opposition to each other even in countries with strong similarities, such as those in the European Union (EU), in the framework of shared ethical values. Although some countries still enshrine the rule of anonymity, there is an undeniable tendency to guarantee the right to know one’s origins by creating relevant exceptions or abolishing donor anonymity status altogether. This article offers ethical and legal considerations of whether the so-called ‘right to be forgotten’ (RTBF) could be extended to include gamete donors’ right to remain anonymous. This perspective goes against the general trend, certainly in Europe, of recognizing that offspring born from donor gametes have a right to access information relating to their genetic progenitors. The novel addition is to question whether the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) might provide fertile ground for questioning this approach, and effectively support those jurisdictions where anonymity is still possible.
在医学辅助生殖技术(ART)的背景下,配子捐赠者的匿名性和后代知道其遗传或生物学父母身份的权利是科学文献中一个有争议和广泛争论的话题。每个国家在这个问题上的立场是不同的。有时,即使在欧盟(EU)等具有强烈相似性的国家,在共同的伦理价值观框架内,它们也会相互对立。尽管一些国家仍然奉行匿名原则,但不可否认的趋势是,通过制定相关例外或完全废除捐赠者匿名身份,来保障自己的出身权。这篇文章提供了关于所谓的“被遗忘权”(RTBF)是否可以扩展到包括配子捐赠者保持匿名的权利的伦理和法律考虑。这种观点违背了欧洲的普遍趋势,即承认从供体配子中出生的后代有权获得与其遗传祖先有关的信息。新增加的内容是质疑《通用数据保护条例》(GDPR)是否可能为质疑这种方法提供肥沃的土壤,并有效地支持那些仍然可能匿名的司法管辖区。
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引用次数: 0
How the gene-editing in medicine and public health practice could stand the test of bioethics 医学和公共卫生实践中的基因编辑如何经得起生物伦理的考验
IF 0.4 4区 哲学 Q4 ETHICS Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.4067/S1726-569X2021000100049
Zheng Zang, Yueqin Chen
: In recent years, gene editing is increasingly used as one of the technical means to solve public health problems. The great progress made in the field of life science and gene-editing technology has made it possible for humans to control and alter human physiological characteristics through gene-editing technology and created a broad application prospect for this technology. However, gene-editing technology has faced with many significant ethical risks, and human gene editing experiments have been banned for a long time in the past. Realistic technological breakthroughs and the emergence of real cases force the ethics circle to re-examine this issue. Through the analysis and trade-off of the potential benefits and ethical risks of human gene-editing technology, it can be found that different applications of human gene editing for different purposes are considered to have different acceptability. Among them, human gene editing for medical purposes has no fundamental moral barriers, human gene editing for purposes of enhancement cannot be allowed by ethics and reality in the current social environment, and human gene editing for purposes of transformation fundamentally violates ethical norms. Therefore, gene editing can be allowed if it is only used to solve human medical and public health problems.
:近年来,基因编辑越来越多地被用作解决公共卫生问题的技术手段之一。生命科学和基因编辑技术领域的巨大进步使人类通过基因编辑技术控制和改变人类生理特征成为可能,并为该技术创造了广阔的应用前景。然而,基因编辑技术面临着许多重大的伦理风险,人类基因编辑实验在过去很长一段时间内都被禁止。现实的技术突破和真实案例的出现,迫使伦理学界重新审视这个问题。通过对人类基因编辑技术的潜在利益和伦理风险的分析和权衡,可以发现,人类基因编辑用于不同目的的不同应用被认为具有不同的可接受性。其中,以医学为目的的人类基因编辑没有根本的道德障碍,以增强为目的的人的基因编辑在当前社会环境下不可能被伦理和现实所允许,以转化为目的的人为基因编辑从根本上违反了伦理规范。因此,如果基因编辑只用于解决人类的医疗和公共卫生问题,那么它是可以被允许的。
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引用次数: 3
Recensiones Recensiones
IF 0.4 4区 哲学 Q4 ETHICS Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.4067/s1726-569x2021000100145
Juan Pablo Cárdenas Squella
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of moral intelligence of healthcare professionals via the “Survey for Measuring Moral Intelligence in the Provision of Healthcare Services” 《医疗服务人员道德智力调查》对医务人员道德智力的评价
IF 0.4 4区 哲学 Q4 ETHICS Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.4067/S1726-569X2021000100087
Hülya Öztürk, Omur Sayligil, Z. Yıldız
Moral intelligence -through which an individual makes mental evaluation before taking action about a decisionis important in individual-centered healthcare. Using Lawshe Method, we designed the “Survey for Measuring Moral Intelligence in the Provision of Healthcare Services” with “equality”, “empathy”, “moral intelligence”, “justice”, “tolerance”, “self-control”, and “politeness” dimensions (α =.966). Age of the population (physicians and nurses) was 36.44±9.52, consisting 517 (65.5%) women, 538 married participants, 653 employed in public hospitals, and 352 had work experience of <10 years. All participants were moral intelligence-sensitive. Those who had children, worked in a private organization, and had longer work experience were more sensitive with regard to “equality”, which varied by marital status, frequency of working outside normal working hours, and age groups. “Politeness” varied between participants that have worked for >8 hours/day. Using dimensions of this survey as skills is expected to ensure due diligence about rights and dignity in healthcare services.
道德智慧——在以个人为中心的医疗保健中,个人在对决策采取行动之前进行心理评估是很重要的。使用Lawshe方法,我们设计了“衡量医疗服务提供中道德智力的调查”,包括“平等”、“同理心”、“道德智力”、“正义”、“宽容”、“自制力”和“礼貌”维度(α=.966)。人群(医生和护士)的年龄为36.44±9.52,包括517名(65.5%)女性,538名已婚参与者,653人在公立医院工作,352人有8小时/天的工作经验。利用这项调查的维度作为技能,有望确保对医疗服务中的权利和尊严进行尽职调查。
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引用次数: 1
Ageísmo como fenómeno sociocultural invisible que afecta y excluye el cuidado de personas mayores 老年主义是一种无形的社会文化现象,影响和排斥老年人的照顾
IF 0.4 4区 哲学 Q4 ETHICS Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.4067/S1726-569X2021000100127
M. Campillay-Campillay, A. Calle-Carrasco, E. Rivas-Rivero, Amaya Pavéz-Lizarraga, P. Dubó-Araya, Fabián Araya-Galleguillos
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引用次数: 1
Consentimiento informado en las prestaciones de salud 健康福利的知情同意
IF 0.4 4区 哲学 Q4 ETHICS Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.4067/S1726-569X2021000100017
Gabriel Hernández Paulsen, Felipe Chahuán Zedan
: As a general rule, medical interventions require to be informingly consented by the patient. This requirement is ethically founded in the autonomy of the patient to decide on his own body and the respect for his dignity that prevent to instrumentalise it. The way in which the law materialises those ends is by implementing duties to inform and duties to advise, and regulating the conditions under which the consent must be given. Legally, those duties delimit the relation physician-patient and give guidance to define hypothesis of civil liability. In this article, we revise the conditions for the satisfaction of those duties and the cases in which their breach give rise to civil liability.
:一般来说,医疗干预需要得到患者的知情同意。这一要求在道德上建立在患者自主决定自己身体的基础上,并尊重其尊严,防止将其工具化。法律实现这些目的的方式是履行告知义务和建议义务,并规范必须给予同意的条件。这些义务在法律上界定了医患关系,为民事责任假说的界定提供了指导。在这篇文章中,我们修改了履行这些义务的条件,以及违反这些义务导致民事责任的情况。
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引用次数: 1
Body privacy in gynecology obstetrics 妇产科的身体隐私
IF 0.4 4区 哲学 Q4 ETHICS Pub Date : 2020-11-12 DOI: 10.4067/S1726-569X2020000200225
Nuriye Değirmen, Ömur Saylıgil
This study aimed to develop a scale to ethically evaluate the privacy of the body in gynecology and obstetrics. It was carried out in a university research and application hospital and in a private hospital in Turkey. A stratified sample was adopted with a total of 2,159 participants, including physicians, nurses, and midwives, OB/GYN patients, surgical patients, internal medicine patients, and healthy individuals. The Lawshe method was used. The results showed that physical space is important in protecting privacy; the participants perceived privacy as a right; women, married people, primary school graduates, older people and those closest to rural culture are more sensitive to privacy than others; Among healthcare providers, physicians are more privacy conscious than nurses and midwives; no participant had in-depth knowledge of patient rights and relevant legislation.The body privacy scale in gynecology and obstetrics proved to be a valid and reliable scale. With it, the privacy of the body in obstetrics and gynecology can be evaluated in future research, as well as the perceptions of body privacy of those who receive and provide medical care. By applying this scale, the privacy of gynecological and obstetric patients can be protected and the results reflected in clinical practice. This scale can also be used in education and in improving ethical sensitivity in physicians.
本研究旨在开发一种从伦理角度评估妇产科身体隐私的量表。它是在土耳其的一所大学研究和应用医院以及一家私立医院进行的。采用分层样本,共有2159名参与者,包括医生、护士和助产士、妇产科患者、外科患者、内科患者和健康人。使用了Lawshe方法。结果表明,物理空间在保护隐私方面具有重要意义;参与者将隐私视为一项权利;女性、已婚人士、小学毕业生、老年人和最接近农村文化的人对隐私比其他人更敏感;在医疗保健提供者中,医生比护士和助产士更注重隐私;没有参与者对患者权利和相关立法有深入了解。妇产科身体隐私量表是一种有效、可靠的量表。有了它,可以在未来的研究中评估妇产科的身体隐私,以及接受和提供医疗护理的人对身体隐私的看法。通过应用该量表,可以保护妇科和产科患者的隐私,并将结果反映在临床实践中。这个量表也可以用于教育和提高医生的道德敏感性。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Acta Bioethica
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