Pub Date : 2019-06-19DOI: 10.1553/GISCIENCE2019_01_S105
Christoph Schaller
The revised Swiss Spatial Planning Act (RPG 2016) pursues the goal of inward settlement development to slow down urban sprawl and better protect arable land. This needs to be addressed in planning processes, as quality-oriented and sustainable internal densification is required. The Geodesign Framework by Steinitz is suitable for supporting such planning processes with public participation, where models and visualizations help to convey the complex systemic interrelationships to stakeholders. This paper presents a process model based on Geodesign that integrates GIS and Parametric Design, so that effects on internal densification caused by changes to building regulations can be quantified and communicated. In addition to an overview of the process model, selected results from its tests and verification are presented. The results suggest that the model approximates real interrelations well and is a suitable basis for further work.
{"title":"Parametric (Geo)Design for Test Planning","authors":"Christoph Schaller","doi":"10.1553/GISCIENCE2019_01_S105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1553/GISCIENCE2019_01_S105","url":null,"abstract":"The revised Swiss Spatial Planning Act (RPG 2016) pursues the goal of inward settlement development to slow down urban sprawl and better protect arable land. This needs to be addressed in planning processes, as quality-oriented and sustainable internal densification is required. The Geodesign Framework by Steinitz is suitable for supporting such planning processes with public participation, where models and visualizations help to convey the complex systemic interrelationships to stakeholders. This paper presents a process model based on Geodesign that integrates GIS and Parametric Design, so that effects on internal densification caused by changes to building regulations can be quantified and communicated. In addition to an overview of the process model, selected results from its tests and verification are presented. The results suggest that the model approximates real interrelations well and is a suitable basis for further work.","PeriodicalId":29645,"journal":{"name":"GI_Forum","volume":"44 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90032241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-19DOI: 10.1553/GISCIENCE2019_01_S171
J. Pierre, Victoria Fast, J. Kumari, C. Rinner
Map-based discussion forums can be used for crowdsourcing people’s ideas and opinions with respect to public planning processes. Their volunteered geographic information consists of text and other media that are linked to geographic features. Building on the concept of argumentation mapping, Cartoforum was developed using the Boundless geostack, an open-source geospatial software package. We present the software architecture and functionality along with three pilot studies covering cycle lane planning in Toronto, Canada; community garden site-selection in the Toronto region; and campus sustainability at the University of Kerala, India. Together, the pilot studies demonstrate the utility of argumentation mapping and illustrate the range of its potential applications in citizen participation.
{"title":"Cartoforum – A Map-Based Discussion Forum with Applications in the Planning of Cycle Lanes, Community Food Gardens and Campus Sustainability","authors":"J. Pierre, Victoria Fast, J. Kumari, C. Rinner","doi":"10.1553/GISCIENCE2019_01_S171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1553/GISCIENCE2019_01_S171","url":null,"abstract":"Map-based discussion forums can be used for crowdsourcing people’s ideas and opinions with respect to public planning processes. Their volunteered geographic information consists of text and other media that are linked to geographic features. Building on the concept of argumentation mapping, Cartoforum was developed using the Boundless geostack, an open-source geospatial software package. We present the software architecture and functionality along with three pilot studies covering cycle lane planning in Toronto, Canada; community garden site-selection in the Toronto region; and campus sustainability at the University of Kerala, India. Together, the pilot studies demonstrate the utility of argumentation mapping and illustrate the range of its potential applications in citizen participation.","PeriodicalId":29645,"journal":{"name":"GI_Forum","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81364040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-19DOI: 10.1553/GISCIENCE2019_01_S54
A. Graser
Movement data analysis is a high-interest topic in many scientific domains. Even though Python is the scripting language of choice in the GIS world, currently there is no Python library that would enable researchers and practitioners to interact with and analyse movement data efficiently. To close this gap, we present MovingPandas, a new Python library for dealing with movement data. Its development is based on an analysis of state-of-the-art conceptual frameworks and existing implementations (in PostGIS, Hermes, and the R package trajectories). We describe how MovingPandas avoids limitations of Simple Feature-based movement data models commonly used to handle trajectories in the GIS world. Finally, we present the current state of the MovingPandas implementation and demonstrate its use in stand-alone Python scripts, as well as within the context of the desktop GIS application QGIS. This work represents the first step towards a general-purpose Python library that enables researchers and practitioners in the GIS field and beyond to handle and analyse movement data more efficiently
{"title":"MovingPandas: Efficient Structures for Movement Data in Python","authors":"A. Graser","doi":"10.1553/GISCIENCE2019_01_S54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1553/GISCIENCE2019_01_S54","url":null,"abstract":"Movement data analysis is a high-interest topic in many scientific domains. Even though Python is the scripting language of choice in the GIS world, currently there is no Python library that would enable researchers and practitioners to interact with and analyse movement data efficiently. To close this gap, we present MovingPandas, a new Python library for dealing with movement data. Its development is based on an analysis of state-of-the-art conceptual frameworks and existing implementations (in PostGIS, Hermes, and the R package trajectories). We describe how MovingPandas avoids limitations of Simple Feature-based movement data models commonly used to handle trajectories in the GIS world. Finally, we present the current state of the MovingPandas implementation and demonstrate its use in stand-alone Python scripts, as well as within the context of the desktop GIS application QGIS. This work represents the first step towards a general-purpose Python library that enables researchers and practitioners in the GIS field and beyond to handle and analyse movement data more efficiently","PeriodicalId":29645,"journal":{"name":"GI_Forum","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81563036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-19DOI: 10.1553/GISCIENCE2019_01_S19
M. Bartling, Bernd Resch, A. Eitzinger, Leo Zurita-Arthos
Designing user-friendly Public Participatory Geographic Information Systems (PPGIS) is a challenging task, since a PPGIS is typically used by users who have different characteristics and different requirements and needs. Hence, applying Human–Computer Interaction (HCI) principles is of particular importance in designing PPGIS. This study aims to create an inventory of usability aspects of a PPGIS by focusing on understanding the characteristics of a broad range of users. The usability study included 73 participants from Colombia, Uganda and Austria. We combined a custom qualitative survey (conducted in all three countries) with an eye-tracking based survey (conducted only in Austria). Considerable usability problems were faced especially by participants with low levels of IT-literacy. This was mostly due to a lack of experience in using functionally complex smartphone applications or interactive maps. In general, we observed a high level of difference in usability between the user groups. The eye-tracking statistics for the Austrian study supported the outcomes of the qualitative survey well.
{"title":"A Multi-National Human–Computer Interaction Evaluation of the Public Participatory GIS GeoCitizen","authors":"M. Bartling, Bernd Resch, A. Eitzinger, Leo Zurita-Arthos","doi":"10.1553/GISCIENCE2019_01_S19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1553/GISCIENCE2019_01_S19","url":null,"abstract":"Designing user-friendly Public Participatory Geographic Information Systems (PPGIS) is a challenging task, since a PPGIS is typically used by users who have different characteristics and different requirements and needs. Hence, applying Human–Computer Interaction (HCI) principles is of particular importance in designing PPGIS. This study aims to create an inventory of usability aspects of a PPGIS by focusing on understanding the characteristics of a broad range of users. The usability study included 73 participants from Colombia, Uganda and Austria. We combined a custom qualitative survey (conducted in all three countries) with an eye-tracking based survey (conducted only in Austria). Considerable usability problems were faced especially by participants with low levels of IT-literacy. This was mostly due to a lack of experience in using functionally complex smartphone applications or interactive maps. In general, we observed a high level of difference in usability between the user groups. The eye-tracking statistics for the Austrian study supported the outcomes of the qualitative survey well.","PeriodicalId":29645,"journal":{"name":"GI_Forum","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88487357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-17DOI: 10.1553/GISCIENCE_2019_01_S3
Mustapha Harb, M. Hagenlocher, D. Cotti, E. Kratzschmar, Hayet Baccouche, K. B. Khaled, Felicitas Bellert, Bouraoui Chebil, Anis Ben Fredj, S. Ayed, M. Garschagen
Under scenarios of urbanization coupled with increasing frequency and intensity of natural hazards, urban disaster risk is set to rise. Simulating future urban expansion can provide relevant information for the development of future exposure scenarios and the identification of targeted risk reduction and adaptation strategies. Here, we present an urban growth simulation for the coastal city of Monastir, Tunisia. The approach integrates local knowledge and a data-driven urban growth model to simulate urban sprawl up to 2030. A business-as-usual projection is used to predict the future growth of the city based on the historical trend. Thirteen Landsat images for the period 1975 to 2017 were used to delineate past changes in urban land cover following the European Urban Atlas standard, which served as the main input for the urban growth model. The simulation revealed that the city’s residential area is likely to grow by 127 ha to an overall size of 1,690 ha by 2030, corresponding to an increase of 8.1% compared to the urban footprint of 2017. The outcomes of the analysis presented here served as an input for the spatial simulation of future exposure to flash floods in the case study area.
{"title":"Simulating Future Urban Expansion in Monastir, Tunisia, as an Input for the Development of Future Risk Scenarios","authors":"Mustapha Harb, M. Hagenlocher, D. Cotti, E. Kratzschmar, Hayet Baccouche, K. B. Khaled, Felicitas Bellert, Bouraoui Chebil, Anis Ben Fredj, S. Ayed, M. Garschagen","doi":"10.1553/GISCIENCE_2019_01_S3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1553/GISCIENCE_2019_01_S3","url":null,"abstract":"Under scenarios of urbanization coupled with increasing frequency and intensity of natural hazards, urban disaster risk is set to rise. Simulating future urban expansion can provide relevant information for the development of future exposure scenarios and the identification of targeted risk reduction and adaptation strategies. Here, we present an urban growth simulation for the coastal city of Monastir, Tunisia. The approach integrates local knowledge and a data-driven urban growth model to simulate urban sprawl up to 2030. A business-as-usual projection is used to predict the future growth of the city based on the historical trend. Thirteen Landsat images for the period 1975 to 2017 were used to delineate past changes in urban land cover following the European Urban Atlas standard, which served as the main input for the urban growth model. The simulation revealed that the city’s residential area is likely to grow by 127 ha to an overall size of 1,690 ha by 2030, corresponding to an increase of 8.1% compared to the urban footprint of 2017. The outcomes of the analysis presented here served as an input for the spatial simulation of future exposure to flash floods in the case study area.","PeriodicalId":29645,"journal":{"name":"GI_Forum","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88303447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1553/GISCIENCE2019_01_S119
Lukas Beer
{"title":"Automatic Generation Of LoD1 City Models And Building Segmentation From Single Aerial Orthographic Images Using Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks","authors":"Lukas Beer","doi":"10.1553/GISCIENCE2019_01_S119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1553/GISCIENCE2019_01_S119","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29645,"journal":{"name":"GI_Forum","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76075397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1553/giscience2019_01_s40
S. Studer, B. Hofer
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have developed into complex toolboxes and require analysts to formulate spatial questions according to the requirements of data formats and tools provided by their GIS-application. The recently proposed language for spatial computing aims to provide a question-based and thus more comprehensible approach for spatial analyses that especially supports scientists and experts from other disciplines to conduct spatial analyses in their fields. In this contribution, we apply the question-based spatial computing approach to a case study in the humanitarian field and compare the resulting script to a script written with a conventional GIS tool. The comparison of the two versions of the analysis is based on six criteria covering qualitative and quantitative aspects of the analysis as well as the implementation concept behind the new language. Our results show, that the new approach requires fewer computational steps than the conventional script. In addition, the declarative approach lets users focus on the content of the spatial question and the query-like character of the language makes it in fact more comprehensible. Besides these benefits of the language for spatial computing, observations on challenges of the further development of the language are shared as an outcome of this study.
{"title":"Replication of the Question-Based Spatial Computing Approach – Experiences and Suggestions for Further Developments","authors":"S. Studer, B. Hofer","doi":"10.1553/giscience2019_01_s40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1553/giscience2019_01_s40","url":null,"abstract":"Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have developed into complex toolboxes and require analysts to formulate spatial questions according to the requirements of data formats and tools provided by their GIS-application. The recently proposed language for spatial computing aims to provide a question-based and thus more comprehensible approach for spatial analyses that especially supports scientists and experts from other disciplines to conduct spatial analyses in their fields. In this contribution, we apply the question-based spatial computing approach to a case study in the humanitarian field and compare the resulting script to a script written with a conventional GIS tool. The comparison of the two versions of the analysis is based on six criteria covering qualitative and quantitative aspects of the analysis as well as the implementation concept behind the new language. Our results show, that the new approach requires fewer computational steps than the conventional script. In addition, the declarative approach lets users focus on the content of the spatial question and the query-like character of the language makes it in fact more comprehensible. Besides these benefits of the language for spatial computing, observations on challenges of the further development of the language are shared as an outcome of this study.","PeriodicalId":29645,"journal":{"name":"GI_Forum","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87052814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1553/giscience2019_02_s73
Christoph Giger
The forest area in alpine regions is increasing. Agricultural land is abandoned; shrub and tree encroachment and reforestation are the consequences, with negative impacts on agriculture, biodiversity and tourism. Assessing encroachment on agricultural land from Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) data was tested in three study areas in Switzerland. The results of the data evaluation were compared with those for manually collected data from the interpretation of orthophotos. The evaluation indicated that when a higher point density was available, the detection rate for areas with shrub and tree encroachment was also higher. The workflow using the Vertical Complexity Index (VCI) turned out to be robust for both large areas and large datasets. The accuracy levels achieved in this study for the encroachment index may provide a solid basis for prioritizing certain areas for projects that aim to limit the process of reforestation.
{"title":"Assessing Shrub and Tree Encroachment in Alpine Pastures from Airborne Laser Scanning Data","authors":"Christoph Giger","doi":"10.1553/giscience2019_02_s73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1553/giscience2019_02_s73","url":null,"abstract":"The forest area in alpine regions is increasing. Agricultural land is abandoned; shrub and tree encroachment and reforestation are the consequences, with negative impacts on agriculture, biodiversity and tourism. Assessing encroachment on agricultural land from Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) data was tested in three study areas in Switzerland. The results of the data evaluation were compared with those for manually collected data from the interpretation of orthophotos. The evaluation indicated that when a higher point density was available, the detection rate for areas with shrub and tree encroachment was also higher. The workflow using the Vertical Complexity Index (VCI) turned out to be robust for both large areas and large datasets. The accuracy levels achieved in this study for the encroachment index may provide a solid basis for prioritizing certain areas for projects that aim to limit the process of reforestation.","PeriodicalId":29645,"journal":{"name":"GI_Forum","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83609512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1553/giscience2019_01_s10
Carola Helletsgruber, Celina H. Stanley, A. Hof
In this paper, we demonstrate environmental monitoring in a young citizen science project. The dynamics of urban tree phenology and microclimate regulation throughout the growing season is measured in a cross-city approach, along intraand inter-urban gradients and for a set of the most common urban tree species. We equipped urban trees in five European cities with beacons that connect via Bluetooth to a tailor-made app. The app is used for phenological monitoring, to display microclimate measurements, and to broadcast information on the trees' microclimate-regulating ecosystem services. The approach and setting are scalable to other citizen-engagement and VGI projects. It fosters an understanding of how urban trees are in sync with urban climate, and deepens our understanding of systemic feedback, which is key for implementing urban tree management. Results show inter-species differences in the length of the growing season as measures of the delivery of regulatory ecosystem services and as responses to urban heat island intensity.
{"title":"Urban Trees in Sync with Urban Climate – Phenology and Microclimate Monitoring using Geocommunication and Citizen Science","authors":"Carola Helletsgruber, Celina H. Stanley, A. Hof","doi":"10.1553/giscience2019_01_s10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1553/giscience2019_01_s10","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we demonstrate environmental monitoring in a young citizen science project. The dynamics of urban tree phenology and microclimate regulation throughout the growing season is measured in a cross-city approach, along intraand inter-urban gradients and for a set of the most common urban tree species. We equipped urban trees in five European cities with beacons that connect via Bluetooth to a tailor-made app. The app is used for phenological monitoring, to display microclimate measurements, and to broadcast information on the trees' microclimate-regulating ecosystem services. The approach and setting are scalable to other citizen-engagement and VGI projects. It fosters an understanding of how urban trees are in sync with urban climate, and deepens our understanding of systemic feedback, which is key for implementing urban tree management. Results show inter-species differences in the length of the growing season as measures of the delivery of regulatory ecosystem services and as responses to urban heat island intensity.","PeriodicalId":29645,"journal":{"name":"GI_Forum","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89778550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1553/giscience2019_02_s81
A. Rajabirad, J. Shin, B. Atazadeh, M. Kalantari
Over recent years, unprecedented urbanization has fostered the rapid development of multi-storey buildings and infrastructure facilities, resulting in spatial and functional complexities in cities. Land and property information plays a vital role in a wide range of applications in land administration in rapidly growing cities. However, the current fragmented practice relying on 2D representation does not provide a reliable and accurate legal description of underground and aboveground properties as a foundation for evidence-based decisions in support of economic prosperity, human activities and public safety in urban areas. We propose a conceptual framework for 3D digital management of urban land and property information. The framework provides a foundation to federate various 3D models, validate their integrity, and analyse them for land administration. Using a case study of a multi-owned building located in the state of Victoria, Australia, this paper explores the practicality of the framework to support decision-making in building subdivision.
{"title":"A Conceptual Framework for Unified 3D Digital Management of Urban Land and Property Information","authors":"A. Rajabirad, J. Shin, B. Atazadeh, M. Kalantari","doi":"10.1553/giscience2019_02_s81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1553/giscience2019_02_s81","url":null,"abstract":"Over recent years, unprecedented urbanization has fostered the rapid development of multi-storey buildings and infrastructure facilities, resulting in spatial and functional complexities in cities. Land and property information plays a vital role in a wide range of applications in land administration in rapidly growing cities. However, the current fragmented practice relying on 2D representation does not provide a reliable and accurate legal description of underground and aboveground properties as a foundation for evidence-based decisions in support of economic prosperity, human activities and public safety in urban areas. We propose a conceptual framework for 3D digital management of urban land and property information. The framework provides a foundation to federate various 3D models, validate their integrity, and analyse them for land administration. Using a case study of a multi-owned building located in the state of Victoria, Australia, this paper explores the practicality of the framework to support decision-making in building subdivision.","PeriodicalId":29645,"journal":{"name":"GI_Forum","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80455393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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