Ahmad Alessa, Reem Ghazzawi, Tahani Alghamdi, Bashayer Altowerqy, Bashaer Al Sarhan, A. Alanazi, Noha Alhothaly, Ghufran Ghouthali
Patients with Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) are known to frequently experience the life-threatening consequence of pneumothorax. Pneumothorax is a buildup of air around the lung but inside the pleural cavity. It happens when air gathers inside the chest between the visceral and parietal pleura. This idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and pneumothorax lead to surgical emphysema. It occurs when gas or air seeps into the subcutaneous tissue (the skin's lowest layer). The main objective of this clinical case study is to determine how the patient’s requirements and ABG change when one condition leads to another. A patient of 60 years with a medical history came to the emergency department with a chief complaint of shortness of breath and chest pain. On his arrival, the oxygen saturation was 68% at room air, and a chest X-ray revealed pneumothorax. He was then shifted to a pulmonary team to floor as surgical emphysema, secondary pneumothorax (right) on intercostal space chest tube, and CAP (community-acquired pneumonia). ABG tests were taken after every step of the lung-protective strategy: post-intubation, post-HFOV connection, after disconnection, after switching to PCMV, and post-HFOV disconnection. These results indicate the severity of the patient’s condition. Even after the percutaneous tracheostomy procedure, the patient was still experiencing the challenges of increased oxygen requirements and recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax. Keywords: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), Pneumothorax, High frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
{"title":"Applying High-Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation (HFOV) Successfully in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Patient, Potential Challenge","authors":"Ahmad Alessa, Reem Ghazzawi, Tahani Alghamdi, Bashayer Altowerqy, Bashaer Al Sarhan, A. Alanazi, Noha Alhothaly, Ghufran Ghouthali","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs221610416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221610416","url":null,"abstract":"Patients with Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) are known to frequently experience the life-threatening consequence of pneumothorax. Pneumothorax is a buildup of air around the lung but inside the pleural cavity. It happens when air gathers inside the chest between the visceral and parietal pleura. This idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and pneumothorax lead to surgical emphysema. It occurs when gas or air seeps into the subcutaneous tissue (the skin's lowest layer). The main objective of this clinical case study is to determine how the patient’s requirements and ABG change when one condition leads to another. A patient of 60 years with a medical history came to the emergency department with a chief complaint of shortness of breath and chest pain. On his arrival, the oxygen saturation was 68% at room air, and a chest X-ray revealed pneumothorax. He was then shifted to a pulmonary team to floor as surgical emphysema, secondary pneumothorax (right) on intercostal space chest tube, and CAP (community-acquired pneumonia). ABG tests were taken after every step of the lung-protective strategy: post-intubation, post-HFOV connection, after disconnection, after switching to PCMV, and post-HFOV disconnection. These results indicate the severity of the patient’s condition. Even after the percutaneous tracheostomy procedure, the patient was still experiencing the challenges of increased oxygen requirements and recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax. Keywords: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), Pneumothorax, High frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)","PeriodicalId":296492,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"21 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132270751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sabahat Fatima, S. ., T. Mahar, M. ., Shoaibunisa Soomro
Objectives: To study the factors associated with postpartum iron deficiency anemia. Study Design: Case-control study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Unit-II, Ghulam Muhammad Mahar Medical College Sukkur, Pakistan from 1st January 2020 to 31st December 2020 Methodology: Five hundred and seventy six women were included in which 144 women with postpartum iron deficiency anemia (Hb <11 g/dl at 24 to 48 hours post-delivery) were as case group and 432 women without postpartum iron deficiency anemia (Hb >11gdl at 24-48 hours post delivery) were as control group. Results: There was not significant (p=0.87) difference between case and control groups. Multiparity was associated with post-partum iron deficiency anemia (p=0.012). Postpartum iron deficiency anemia was about two times more likely in multiparous (OR=1.65; 95%CI: 1.12 to 2.44) than primiparious, failure to exclusively breast-feeding was also associated (p=0.003), postpartum iron deficiency anemia was two times more likely in those women those were not exclusive breast-feeding (OR=1.95; 95%CI: 1.24 to 3.07) than those were. Similarly post-partum iron deficiency anemia was ten times more likely in those women whose education was below or metric (OR=10.54; 95%CI: 2.85 to 39.03) than those who are highly educated. On the other hand, obesity was not associated (p=0.075) unadjusted odd ratio of obese was 0.68 (95%CI: 0.44 to 1.04) Conclusion: Multiparity failure to exclusively breast feed is significantly associated with postpartum iron deficiency anemia. Keywords: Postpartum iron deficiency anemia, obesity, multiparty
{"title":"Factors Associated with Postpartum Iron Deficiency Anemia","authors":"Sabahat Fatima, S. ., T. Mahar, M. ., Shoaibunisa Soomro","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs221610348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221610348","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To study the factors associated with postpartum iron deficiency anemia. Study Design: Case-control study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Unit-II, Ghulam Muhammad Mahar Medical College Sukkur, Pakistan from 1st January 2020 to 31st December 2020 Methodology: Five hundred and seventy six women were included in which 144 women with postpartum iron deficiency anemia (Hb <11 g/dl at 24 to 48 hours post-delivery) were as case group and 432 women without postpartum iron deficiency anemia (Hb >11gdl at 24-48 hours post delivery) were as control group. Results: There was not significant (p=0.87) difference between case and control groups. Multiparity was associated with post-partum iron deficiency anemia (p=0.012). Postpartum iron deficiency anemia was about two times more likely in multiparous (OR=1.65; 95%CI: 1.12 to 2.44) than primiparious, failure to exclusively breast-feeding was also associated (p=0.003), postpartum iron deficiency anemia was two times more likely in those women those were not exclusive breast-feeding (OR=1.95; 95%CI: 1.24 to 3.07) than those were. Similarly post-partum iron deficiency anemia was ten times more likely in those women whose education was below or metric (OR=10.54; 95%CI: 2.85 to 39.03) than those who are highly educated. On the other hand, obesity was not associated (p=0.075) unadjusted odd ratio of obese was 0.68 (95%CI: 0.44 to 1.04) Conclusion: Multiparity failure to exclusively breast feed is significantly associated with postpartum iron deficiency anemia. Keywords: Postpartum iron deficiency anemia, obesity, multiparty","PeriodicalId":296492,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116564788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kaneez Ume Farwa, Waseema Afzal, Shumaila Ali Rai, T. Malik, Hafiz Haseeb Ahsan, Fatima Skina
Objective: To compare the efficacy between the fentanyl and tramadol infusion on post-operative cure of pain after a valvular heart surgery. Methods: Total of 40 patients were included in the study who underwent valvular heart surgery. Patients were divided into two groups, 20 patients were included in Tramadol group while 20 patients were assigned the Fentanyl group. After getting off from cardiopulmonary bypass pump (CPB), drug infusions were started. The drugs were continued for a duration of 48 hours after the surgery. The dose of Fentanyl was 0.5-1ug.kg-1.h-1 through continuous infusion for about 48 hours whereas Tramadol was given at a dose of 0.1-0.2 mg.kg- 1.h-1. Additionally, both the groups were also given intravenous paracetamol 1gm every 8 hours. Verbal rating scale comprising of 11 points was used to assess the efficacy of analgesia. The interval of data collection was 6h, 12h, 24h, 36h and 48h after surgery. Results: The mean cross clamping time, CPB time, mechanical ventilation, ICU stay and hospital stay of group F was 90.51±5.18 minutes, 120.65±5.58 minutes, 589.45±3.64 minutes, 4.01±0.45 days and 8.11±1.97 days, respectively. While, the mean cross clamping time, CPB time, mechanical ventilation time, ICU day and hospital days of group T was 86.91±4.11 minutes, 111.31±2.84 minutes, 507.45±5.54 minutes, 3.15±0.67 days and 7.4±1.14 days, respectively. The differences were statistically significant except hospital days (p=0.1777). Conclusion: It is evident from the given study that tramadol infusion is having equally analgesic characteristics as compared to fentanyl infusion after valvular heart surgery. Keywords: Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), Postoperative analgesia, Pain relief, assessment, Tramadol infusion.
{"title":"Comparison of Continuous Infusion of Intravenous Tramadol and Fentanyl on Postoperative Analgesia in Cardiac Surgery","authors":"Kaneez Ume Farwa, Waseema Afzal, Shumaila Ali Rai, T. Malik, Hafiz Haseeb Ahsan, Fatima Skina","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs221610268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221610268","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To compare the efficacy between the fentanyl and tramadol infusion on post-operative cure of pain after a valvular heart surgery. Methods: Total of 40 patients were included in the study who underwent valvular heart surgery. Patients were divided into two groups, 20 patients were included in Tramadol group while 20 patients were assigned the Fentanyl group. After getting off from cardiopulmonary bypass pump (CPB), drug infusions were started. The drugs were continued for a duration of 48 hours after the surgery. The dose of Fentanyl was 0.5-1ug.kg-1.h-1 through continuous infusion for about 48 hours whereas Tramadol was given at a dose of 0.1-0.2 mg.kg- 1.h-1. Additionally, both the groups were also given intravenous paracetamol 1gm every 8 hours. Verbal rating scale comprising of 11 points was used to assess the efficacy of analgesia. The interval of data collection was 6h, 12h, 24h, 36h and 48h after surgery. Results: The mean cross clamping time, CPB time, mechanical ventilation, ICU stay and hospital stay of group F was 90.51±5.18 minutes, 120.65±5.58 minutes, 589.45±3.64 minutes, 4.01±0.45 days and 8.11±1.97 days, respectively. While, the mean cross clamping time, CPB time, mechanical ventilation time, ICU day and hospital days of group T was 86.91±4.11 minutes, 111.31±2.84 minutes, 507.45±5.54 minutes, 3.15±0.67 days and 7.4±1.14 days, respectively. The differences were statistically significant except hospital days (p=0.1777). Conclusion: It is evident from the given study that tramadol infusion is having equally analgesic characteristics as compared to fentanyl infusion after valvular heart surgery. Keywords: Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), Postoperative analgesia, Pain relief, assessment, Tramadol infusion.","PeriodicalId":296492,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"440 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134559234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sadia Shabbir, Zainab Rauf, H. Pervez, Hijab Fatemah, A. Sattar, T. Khan
Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the perceived attractiveness of the face by change in chin position between orthodontic patients and the general public and determine their desire for surgery to correct it. Study Design: Cross Sectional Study Setting: Orthodontic OPD, Period: March 2021- July 2021 Material & Methods: An ideal facial outline was created with a computer software. 150 participants, divided into two groups (pre-treatment orthodontic patients and lay person) were part of the research. Each participant was given a survey and asked to fill it out and rank images on a summative scale Results: Results showed that the aesthetic judgement of both observer groups was the same for most images; The rating was decided by the amount of shift in the chin position, with the scoring being higher when the chin was more forward than when it was backward. Keywords: attractiveness, chin position, esthetics, facial profile, orthodontics
{"title":"The Importance of Chin Position on Perceived Attractiveness in Orthodontic Patient and Lay Person","authors":"Sadia Shabbir, Zainab Rauf, H. Pervez, Hijab Fatemah, A. Sattar, T. Khan","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs221610285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221610285","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the perceived attractiveness of the face by change in chin position between orthodontic patients and the general public and determine their desire for surgery to correct it. Study Design: Cross Sectional Study Setting: Orthodontic OPD, Period: March 2021- July 2021 Material & Methods: An ideal facial outline was created with a computer software. 150 participants, divided into two groups (pre-treatment orthodontic patients and lay person) were part of the research. Each participant was given a survey and asked to fill it out and rank images on a summative scale Results: Results showed that the aesthetic judgement of both observer groups was the same for most images; The rating was decided by the amount of shift in the chin position, with the scoring being higher when the chin was more forward than when it was backward. Keywords: attractiveness, chin position, esthetics, facial profile, orthodontics","PeriodicalId":296492,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133018576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sumaira Riffat, Sahar Zahid, Mushtaq Hussain, R. Rehman, M. Qureshi
Background: Aggressive behavior is a multifaceted construct involving various physiological modulators and genetic factors with a variable frequency in different populations. Of multiple genetic factors, serotonin is known to have profound role with disagreement exists in relation to its expressional alignment with the intensity of aggression. The existing study is designed to develop alignment of the psychological scale of aggression with the plasma serotonin levels. Methodology: Buss Perry Aggression Questionnaires (BP-AQs) were distributed among male and female students of different universities of Karachi. Among those, 2000 properly filled questionnaires were selected to be scrutinized and scored which led to selection of 80 students each of score lower than 60 (least aggressive individuals) or higher than 100 (most aggressive individuals). Plasma serotonin levels of the 160 individuals were then measured by ELISA. Results: Cumulatively, males tend to have higher BP-AQ score than females (79.14+16.22 vs. 75.28+16.97) and also in physical aggression (23.81+6.44 vs. 21.05+6.17) statistically significant difference of p=0.0011 and p<0.0001, respectively. All scores of different forms of aggression were found positively correlated with each other and with strong statistical significance. Level of serotonin was found significantly higher (p=0.0004) in females (244ng/ml) compared to males (70.39ng/ml). Plasma serotonin levels were negatively correlated with BP-AQ scores especially in females (p=0.0222) and in whole of the assessed subjects (p=0.0069). Practical implication: In order to facilitate a better understanding of aggressive behaviour, this study helps to align a physiological biomarker with psychological tools. Additionally, serotonin can be used as a biomarker to comprehend the physiological underpinnings of aggression, and future studies can be planned that use serotonin or its receptors in relation to aggressive behaviour. And it will positively impact the mental health of any society. Conclusion: The findings in total suggest male holds more aggressive behavior especially physical aggression compared to females. Additionally, the aggression in female is more profoundly associated with the low plasma serotonin level. Keywords: Aggression, Behavior, Hostility, Adolescents, Neurotransmitters, Serotonin,
{"title":"Aggression Assessment and Plasma Serotonin Level amongst Pakistani Youngsters","authors":"Sumaira Riffat, Sahar Zahid, Mushtaq Hussain, R. Rehman, M. Qureshi","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs221610321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221610321","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Aggressive behavior is a multifaceted construct involving various physiological modulators and genetic factors with a variable frequency in different populations. Of multiple genetic factors, serotonin is known to have profound role with disagreement exists in relation to its expressional alignment with the intensity of aggression. The existing study is designed to develop alignment of the psychological scale of aggression with the plasma serotonin levels. Methodology: Buss Perry Aggression Questionnaires (BP-AQs) were distributed among male and female students of different universities of Karachi. Among those, 2000 properly filled questionnaires were selected to be scrutinized and scored which led to selection of 80 students each of score lower than 60 (least aggressive individuals) or higher than 100 (most aggressive individuals). Plasma serotonin levels of the 160 individuals were then measured by ELISA. Results: Cumulatively, males tend to have higher BP-AQ score than females (79.14+16.22 vs. 75.28+16.97) and also in physical aggression (23.81+6.44 vs. 21.05+6.17) statistically significant difference of p=0.0011 and p<0.0001, respectively. All scores of different forms of aggression were found positively correlated with each other and with strong statistical significance. Level of serotonin was found significantly higher (p=0.0004) in females (244ng/ml) compared to males (70.39ng/ml). Plasma serotonin levels were negatively correlated with BP-AQ scores especially in females (p=0.0222) and in whole of the assessed subjects (p=0.0069). Practical implication: In order to facilitate a better understanding of aggressive behaviour, this study helps to align a physiological biomarker with psychological tools. Additionally, serotonin can be used as a biomarker to comprehend the physiological underpinnings of aggression, and future studies can be planned that use serotonin or its receptors in relation to aggressive behaviour. And it will positively impact the mental health of any society. Conclusion: The findings in total suggest male holds more aggressive behavior especially physical aggression compared to females. Additionally, the aggression in female is more profoundly associated with the low plasma serotonin level. Keywords: Aggression, Behavior, Hostility, Adolescents, Neurotransmitters, Serotonin,","PeriodicalId":296492,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115107575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aliya Raza, Muhammad Ibrahim, Romah Ishfaq, Iqra Saleem, Muhammad Awais Altaf, Umema Asmat
Background: Microbiological contamination plays salient role in governing the outcome and time span in the hospital for burn victims in burn unit. Therefore, regular supervision of microbes and its resistance pattern is mandatory. The emergence of Multi Drug Resistant (MDR) bacteria provoked researchers to develop new plans to combat against the threat. Objective: To assess the infectious organisms, to know the drug resistance of isolates and ascertain the effectiveness of antibiotics against microbes that are found in burn patients. Methodology: Descriptive case series study performed and Quantitative data was collected in Jan 2019 to April 2019. Two hundred sample from burn patients admitted in Pak Italian Burn Unit Multan was collected, processed for culture, bacterial identifications and to test the antibiotics sensitivity in accordance with CLSI (clinical and laboratory standards institute) guidelines. Results: Gram negative bacteria were 189 (94.5%) and gram positive were 11 (5.5%).Organisms isolated were Proteus vulgaris 53 (26.5%) followed by Escherichia coli 47 (23.5%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 45 (22.5%), Enterobacter 44 (22%) and Staphylococcus aureus 11 (5.5%). Imipenem 156 (78%), Meropenem150 (75%), Moxifloxacin 17(8.5%), Levofloxacin 67 (33.5%), Piperacillin/Tazobactam 123 (61.5%), Oxifloxacin 22 (11%) and Amikacin 16 (8%) were used for antibiotic sensitivity. Practical implication: Our study results can helpful for all health care personals to select new regime of antibiotics which significantly declined in all types of burn patients and also we are able to decrease the mortality rate in such patients. Assertive contagion limitations can helpful in confining the disease and proliferation of MDR pathogens. Conclusion: This study proved to be successful because antibiotic associated complications were decreased significantly as a result mortality rate declination was also noticed in all the types of burn patients. Keywords: Antibiogram, Burn, Clinical evaluations, Infection, Multi drug resistance (MDR), Mortality.
{"title":"Incidence, Clinical Evaluation and Antibiogram of Bacterial Isolates Obtained from Burn Patients","authors":"Aliya Raza, Muhammad Ibrahim, Romah Ishfaq, Iqra Saleem, Muhammad Awais Altaf, Umema Asmat","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs221610282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221610282","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Microbiological contamination plays salient role in governing the outcome and time span in the hospital for burn victims in burn unit. Therefore, regular supervision of microbes and its resistance pattern is mandatory. The emergence of Multi Drug Resistant (MDR) bacteria provoked researchers to develop new plans to combat against the threat. Objective: To assess the infectious organisms, to know the drug resistance of isolates and ascertain the effectiveness of antibiotics against microbes that are found in burn patients. Methodology: Descriptive case series study performed and Quantitative data was collected in Jan 2019 to April 2019. Two hundred sample from burn patients admitted in Pak Italian Burn Unit Multan was collected, processed for culture, bacterial identifications and to test the antibiotics sensitivity in accordance with CLSI (clinical and laboratory standards institute) guidelines. Results: Gram negative bacteria were 189 (94.5%) and gram positive were 11 (5.5%).Organisms isolated were Proteus vulgaris 53 (26.5%) followed by Escherichia coli 47 (23.5%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 45 (22.5%), Enterobacter 44 (22%) and Staphylococcus aureus 11 (5.5%). Imipenem 156 (78%), Meropenem150 (75%), Moxifloxacin 17(8.5%), Levofloxacin 67 (33.5%), Piperacillin/Tazobactam 123 (61.5%), Oxifloxacin 22 (11%) and Amikacin 16 (8%) were used for antibiotic sensitivity. Practical implication: Our study results can helpful for all health care personals to select new regime of antibiotics which significantly declined in all types of burn patients and also we are able to decrease the mortality rate in such patients. Assertive contagion limitations can helpful in confining the disease and proliferation of MDR pathogens. Conclusion: This study proved to be successful because antibiotic associated complications were decreased significantly as a result mortality rate declination was also noticed in all the types of burn patients. Keywords: Antibiogram, Burn, Clinical evaluations, Infection, Multi drug resistance (MDR), Mortality.","PeriodicalId":296492,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122638794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tooba Fateen, Sehar Ali, Nazish Saqlain, Faiza Shafqat, A. Khalid, Kanwar Sajid Ali, Z. Kashif
Introduction: Frequent contribution of blood can cause iron exhaustion in blood donors along with the problems related to it. Curtailing the proportion of iron reduction among blood donors is a crucial plan for boosting donor’s well-being. Aim & objectives: The aim of this analysis is to determine iron stocks by measuring serum ferritin in pre-donation male blood donors along with their relation with the hemoglobin concentration and frequency of blood donations. Study design: Cross-sectional study. Place and duration: Pathology (immunohematology) department and blood bank of University of Child Health Sciences, The Children Hospital Lahore from Aug 2021 to July 2022 Material and Methods: A total of 350 serum samples were processed to determine hemoglobin and serum ferritin concentrations. The study involved was performed on healthy blood donors. The method used was chemiluminescence for the simultaneous measurement of serum ferritin. Results: An aggregate of 350 serums were collected from the contributors in blood bank. Among them, 154 were the first-time donor and 196 were the frequent donors; the serum ferritin was markedly reduced in constant contributors. The mean value 105ng/mL was found in infrequent donors and 79.35ng/mL was found in frequent donors. There was no notable variance in hemoglobin of newbie and regular blood givers. However, a momentous variation in the pervasiveness of iron depletion between first‑time and regular donors is found. Conclusion: Blood donation has a noteworthy impact on iron stores and is one of the most important factors for iron shortage in contributors, specifically in those who donate blood again and again. Serum ferritin measurement ought to be incorporated in the blood donor preference especially in the evaluation of consistent blood givers to assure enough iron pools in the donor community in order to sustain a pertinent potential donor.
{"title":"To Assess the Iron Reserves in Blood Donors by Measuring Serum Ferritin and Hemoglobin in the Children Hospital Lahore","authors":"Tooba Fateen, Sehar Ali, Nazish Saqlain, Faiza Shafqat, A. Khalid, Kanwar Sajid Ali, Z. Kashif","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs221610265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221610265","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Frequent contribution of blood can cause iron exhaustion in blood donors along with the problems related to it. Curtailing the proportion of iron reduction among blood donors is a crucial plan for boosting donor’s well-being. Aim & objectives: The aim of this analysis is to determine iron stocks by measuring serum ferritin in pre-donation male blood donors along with their relation with the hemoglobin concentration and frequency of blood donations. Study design: Cross-sectional study. Place and duration: Pathology (immunohematology) department and blood bank of University of Child Health Sciences, The Children Hospital Lahore from Aug 2021 to July 2022 Material and Methods: A total of 350 serum samples were processed to determine hemoglobin and serum ferritin concentrations. The study involved was performed on healthy blood donors. The method used was chemiluminescence for the simultaneous measurement of serum ferritin. Results: An aggregate of 350 serums were collected from the contributors in blood bank. Among them, 154 were the first-time donor and 196 were the frequent donors; the serum ferritin was markedly reduced in constant contributors. The mean value 105ng/mL was found in infrequent donors and 79.35ng/mL was found in frequent donors. There was no notable variance in hemoglobin of newbie and regular blood givers. However, a momentous variation in the pervasiveness of iron depletion between first‑time and regular donors is found. Conclusion: Blood donation has a noteworthy impact on iron stores and is one of the most important factors for iron shortage in contributors, specifically in those who donate blood again and again. Serum ferritin measurement ought to be incorporated in the blood donor preference especially in the evaluation of consistent blood givers to assure enough iron pools in the donor community in order to sustain a pertinent potential donor.","PeriodicalId":296492,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125234975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Saeed, Agha Momin, Aqeel Moazzam, Muhammad Akhtar, N. Mughal
Objective: To assess the functional outcomes of noninvasive treatment for proximal humerus three parts and four parts fracture. Study Design: Prospective-cohort study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Orthopaedics, Sialkot Medical College, Sialkot from 1st January 2021 to 31st March 2022. Methodology: Fifty patients between 56-65 years and radiograpically both anterior and lateral views were taken. There was a follow up plan in each patient at half month, three months, six months and a year with repeated imaging. Oxford-Shoulder Score and EuroQol-5 Dimensions-3 Levels was used for finding primary functional results while secondary functional outcomes were score through Visual Analog Scoring and University of California at Los Angeles Shoulder Score. Results: The mean of the patients was 62.3±5.6 years with more females (70%) than males. Majority of the cases had a high incidence of fall due to feeling low in energy. The comparison of Oxford-Shoulder Score (OSS) and EQ 5D 3L method showed a high significance within each variable. Comparative imaging at follow ups have showed timely fixation of the humerus with non-invasive procedure with improved OSS values. One-year scores for Oxford-Shoulder Score were 33.1 with 95% confidence of interval while it was 0.59 for EQ-5D-3L. Considering the secondary outcomes it was noticed that mean outcomes score of treatment was 32.1 while visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score was 32.1 with 59.2 as VAS satisfaction score. Conclusion: Good functional outcome of displaced 3-part and 4-part fracture of proximal humerus. Keywords: Noninvasive treatment, Proximal humerus fractures, Osteoporosis Neers classification, Related functional aftermath, Functional outcome
{"title":"Non-Operative Treatment of 3-Part and 4-Part Proximal Humerus Fractures and its Related Functional Aftermath","authors":"K. Saeed, Agha Momin, Aqeel Moazzam, Muhammad Akhtar, N. Mughal","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs221610342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221610342","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To assess the functional outcomes of noninvasive treatment for proximal humerus three parts and four parts fracture. Study Design: Prospective-cohort study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Orthopaedics, Sialkot Medical College, Sialkot from 1st January 2021 to 31st March 2022. Methodology: Fifty patients between 56-65 years and radiograpically both anterior and lateral views were taken. There was a follow up plan in each patient at half month, three months, six months and a year with repeated imaging. Oxford-Shoulder Score and EuroQol-5 Dimensions-3 Levels was used for finding primary functional results while secondary functional outcomes were score through Visual Analog Scoring and University of California at Los Angeles Shoulder Score. Results: The mean of the patients was 62.3±5.6 years with more females (70%) than males. Majority of the cases had a high incidence of fall due to feeling low in energy. The comparison of Oxford-Shoulder Score (OSS) and EQ 5D 3L method showed a high significance within each variable. Comparative imaging at follow ups have showed timely fixation of the humerus with non-invasive procedure with improved OSS values. One-year scores for Oxford-Shoulder Score were 33.1 with 95% confidence of interval while it was 0.59 for EQ-5D-3L. Considering the secondary outcomes it was noticed that mean outcomes score of treatment was 32.1 while visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score was 32.1 with 59.2 as VAS satisfaction score. Conclusion: Good functional outcome of displaced 3-part and 4-part fracture of proximal humerus. Keywords: Noninvasive treatment, Proximal humerus fractures, Osteoporosis Neers classification, Related functional aftermath, Functional outcome","PeriodicalId":296492,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131300784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tehmina Tariq, A. Noor, S. Akram, Muhammad Ahmad Khan, Nabeel Ibad, Faraha Tariq, Muhammad Fahim-Ul-Haq, Samiah Shahid
Background: Bipolar disorder (BD) is a mental disorder with mood swings that fluctuate between mania, hypomania, and depression. C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in bipolar patients have been studied across the globe, but the results are variable. A very limited research has been conducted in this area in Pakistan. Therefore, the goal of the current investigation was to evaluate CRP in bipolar illness. Moreover any link between CRP and gender was also investigated. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, 112 subjects (82 bipolar patients and 30 controls) were included. The patients were randomly selected from Punjab Institute of Mental Health (PIMH) and Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore. After the consent of the subjects, venous blood samples were collected. CRP levels were semi-quantitatively estimated by agglutination method. The data obtained was analyzed through SPSS. Results: The difference in the mean CRP level among bipolar and control groups was statistically significant (p = 0.001). Moreover, males had higher CRP levels than females but the difference was non-significant (p=0.134). Comparison of CRP levels among various stages of BD and control showed a significant difference between the groups (p=0.009). Increased CRP levels give an idea about the inflammation and severity of the disease. CRP levels could be of help in the diagnosis and prognosis of BD. Conclusions: The present study suggests a significant association of CRP with bipolar disorder. No significant relation of CRP and gender was depicted. Keywords: Bipolar Disorder, C-reactive protein, Gender
{"title":"Association of C-Reactive Protein (CRP) with Bipolar Disorder & Gender","authors":"Tehmina Tariq, A. Noor, S. Akram, Muhammad Ahmad Khan, Nabeel Ibad, Faraha Tariq, Muhammad Fahim-Ul-Haq, Samiah Shahid","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs221610233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221610233","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Bipolar disorder (BD) is a mental disorder with mood swings that fluctuate between mania, hypomania, and depression. C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in bipolar patients have been studied across the globe, but the results are variable. A very limited research has been conducted in this area in Pakistan. Therefore, the goal of the current investigation was to evaluate CRP in bipolar illness. Moreover any link between CRP and gender was also investigated. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, 112 subjects (82 bipolar patients and 30 controls) were included. The patients were randomly selected from Punjab Institute of Mental Health (PIMH) and Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore. After the consent of the subjects, venous blood samples were collected. CRP levels were semi-quantitatively estimated by agglutination method. The data obtained was analyzed through SPSS. Results: The difference in the mean CRP level among bipolar and control groups was statistically significant (p = 0.001). Moreover, males had higher CRP levels than females but the difference was non-significant (p=0.134). Comparison of CRP levels among various stages of BD and control showed a significant difference between the groups (p=0.009). Increased CRP levels give an idea about the inflammation and severity of the disease. CRP levels could be of help in the diagnosis and prognosis of BD. Conclusions: The present study suggests a significant association of CRP with bipolar disorder. No significant relation of CRP and gender was depicted. Keywords: Bipolar Disorder, C-reactive protein, Gender","PeriodicalId":296492,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120928487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) also known as diabetes of pregnancy is associated with adverse feto-maternal outcomes threatening the life of both mother and fetus. Timely diagnosis and early management of GDM is the key to prevent complications resulting from this incapacitating illness. Purpose of current study is to assess the prevalence of GDM in Pakistan. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. Data was collected at department of obstetrics and gynaecology from 190 pregnant women. Ethical approval was obtained from IRB of institution and informed consent was taken from all the study participants. Detailed history was gathered and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) performed. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 23.0. Descriptive statistics like frequencies and percentages were calculated to assess the prevalence of GDM. Results: According to age, GDM was prevalent in age group of 33-43 years 30(55%). Also educational status of participant reveals the fact that GDM was common in matric group 20(22%). Parity status >1 show more cases of GDM. Similarly, positive family history and time interval <24 months between pregnancies were prone to GDM. Out of 190, GDM was present in 18(9.47%) cases. So, in this study calculated prevalence rate was 9.47%. Study findings will help policy makers to design programs for creating public awareness regarding Gestational diabetes through the use of multiple media. Polices regarding early evaluation of gestational diabetes will help to prevent feto-maternal complications. Hence would prove fruitful to decrease the cost and burden of illness. Conclusion: It is concluded from our study that prevalence of GDM is 9.47% in Pakistan. There is a need to make early diagnosis and timely management of GDM to avoid the life threatening consequences. Policy makers should pay special attention to overcome this issue and proper antenatal visits should be planned for pregnant mothers. Keywords: Prevalence, GDM, Pregnancy, Pakistan
{"title":"Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Pakistan: A Cross Sectional Study","authors":"Iram Inam, Eman Madnia, A. Ammar, Saadia Sajjad","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs221610241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221610241","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) also known as diabetes of pregnancy is associated with adverse feto-maternal outcomes threatening the life of both mother and fetus. Timely diagnosis and early management of GDM is the key to prevent complications resulting from this incapacitating illness. Purpose of current study is to assess the prevalence of GDM in Pakistan. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. Data was collected at department of obstetrics and gynaecology from 190 pregnant women. Ethical approval was obtained from IRB of institution and informed consent was taken from all the study participants. Detailed history was gathered and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) performed. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 23.0. Descriptive statistics like frequencies and percentages were calculated to assess the prevalence of GDM. Results: According to age, GDM was prevalent in age group of 33-43 years 30(55%). Also educational status of participant reveals the fact that GDM was common in matric group 20(22%). Parity status >1 show more cases of GDM. Similarly, positive family history and time interval <24 months between pregnancies were prone to GDM. Out of 190, GDM was present in 18(9.47%) cases. So, in this study calculated prevalence rate was 9.47%. Study findings will help policy makers to design programs for creating public awareness regarding Gestational diabetes through the use of multiple media. Polices regarding early evaluation of gestational diabetes will help to prevent feto-maternal complications. Hence would prove fruitful to decrease the cost and burden of illness. Conclusion: It is concluded from our study that prevalence of GDM is 9.47% in Pakistan. There is a need to make early diagnosis and timely management of GDM to avoid the life threatening consequences. Policy makers should pay special attention to overcome this issue and proper antenatal visits should be planned for pregnant mothers. Keywords: Prevalence, GDM, Pregnancy, Pakistan","PeriodicalId":296492,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127121599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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