Ahmad Alessa, Reem Ghazzawi, Tahani Alghamdi, Bashayer Altowerqy, Bashaer Al Sarhan, A. Alanazi, Noha Alhothaly, Ghufran Ghouthali
Patients with Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) are known to frequently experience the life-threatening consequence of pneumothorax. Pneumothorax is a buildup of air around the lung but inside the pleural cavity. It happens when air gathers inside the chest between the visceral and parietal pleura. This idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and pneumothorax lead to surgical emphysema. It occurs when gas or air seeps into the subcutaneous tissue (the skin's lowest layer). The main objective of this clinical case study is to determine how the patient’s requirements and ABG change when one condition leads to another. A patient of 60 years with a medical history came to the emergency department with a chief complaint of shortness of breath and chest pain. On his arrival, the oxygen saturation was 68% at room air, and a chest X-ray revealed pneumothorax. He was then shifted to a pulmonary team to floor as surgical emphysema, secondary pneumothorax (right) on intercostal space chest tube, and CAP (community-acquired pneumonia). ABG tests were taken after every step of the lung-protective strategy: post-intubation, post-HFOV connection, after disconnection, after switching to PCMV, and post-HFOV disconnection. These results indicate the severity of the patient’s condition. Even after the percutaneous tracheostomy procedure, the patient was still experiencing the challenges of increased oxygen requirements and recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax. Keywords: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), Pneumothorax, High frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
{"title":"Applying High-Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation (HFOV) Successfully in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Patient, Potential Challenge","authors":"Ahmad Alessa, Reem Ghazzawi, Tahani Alghamdi, Bashayer Altowerqy, Bashaer Al Sarhan, A. Alanazi, Noha Alhothaly, Ghufran Ghouthali","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs221610416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221610416","url":null,"abstract":"Patients with Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) are known to frequently experience the life-threatening consequence of pneumothorax. Pneumothorax is a buildup of air around the lung but inside the pleural cavity. It happens when air gathers inside the chest between the visceral and parietal pleura. This idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and pneumothorax lead to surgical emphysema. It occurs when gas or air seeps into the subcutaneous tissue (the skin's lowest layer). The main objective of this clinical case study is to determine how the patient’s requirements and ABG change when one condition leads to another. A patient of 60 years with a medical history came to the emergency department with a chief complaint of shortness of breath and chest pain. On his arrival, the oxygen saturation was 68% at room air, and a chest X-ray revealed pneumothorax. He was then shifted to a pulmonary team to floor as surgical emphysema, secondary pneumothorax (right) on intercostal space chest tube, and CAP (community-acquired pneumonia). ABG tests were taken after every step of the lung-protective strategy: post-intubation, post-HFOV connection, after disconnection, after switching to PCMV, and post-HFOV disconnection. These results indicate the severity of the patient’s condition. Even after the percutaneous tracheostomy procedure, the patient was still experiencing the challenges of increased oxygen requirements and recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax. Keywords: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), Pneumothorax, High frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)","PeriodicalId":296492,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"21 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132270751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sabahat Fatima, S. ., T. Mahar, M. ., Shoaibunisa Soomro
Objectives: To study the factors associated with postpartum iron deficiency anemia. Study Design: Case-control study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Unit-II, Ghulam Muhammad Mahar Medical College Sukkur, Pakistan from 1st January 2020 to 31st December 2020 Methodology: Five hundred and seventy six women were included in which 144 women with postpartum iron deficiency anemia (Hb <11 g/dl at 24 to 48 hours post-delivery) were as case group and 432 women without postpartum iron deficiency anemia (Hb >11gdl at 24-48 hours post delivery) were as control group. Results: There was not significant (p=0.87) difference between case and control groups. Multiparity was associated with post-partum iron deficiency anemia (p=0.012). Postpartum iron deficiency anemia was about two times more likely in multiparous (OR=1.65; 95%CI: 1.12 to 2.44) than primiparious, failure to exclusively breast-feeding was also associated (p=0.003), postpartum iron deficiency anemia was two times more likely in those women those were not exclusive breast-feeding (OR=1.95; 95%CI: 1.24 to 3.07) than those were. Similarly post-partum iron deficiency anemia was ten times more likely in those women whose education was below or metric (OR=10.54; 95%CI: 2.85 to 39.03) than those who are highly educated. On the other hand, obesity was not associated (p=0.075) unadjusted odd ratio of obese was 0.68 (95%CI: 0.44 to 1.04) Conclusion: Multiparity failure to exclusively breast feed is significantly associated with postpartum iron deficiency anemia. Keywords: Postpartum iron deficiency anemia, obesity, multiparty
{"title":"Factors Associated with Postpartum Iron Deficiency Anemia","authors":"Sabahat Fatima, S. ., T. Mahar, M. ., Shoaibunisa Soomro","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs221610348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221610348","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To study the factors associated with postpartum iron deficiency anemia. Study Design: Case-control study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Unit-II, Ghulam Muhammad Mahar Medical College Sukkur, Pakistan from 1st January 2020 to 31st December 2020 Methodology: Five hundred and seventy six women were included in which 144 women with postpartum iron deficiency anemia (Hb <11 g/dl at 24 to 48 hours post-delivery) were as case group and 432 women without postpartum iron deficiency anemia (Hb >11gdl at 24-48 hours post delivery) were as control group. Results: There was not significant (p=0.87) difference between case and control groups. Multiparity was associated with post-partum iron deficiency anemia (p=0.012). Postpartum iron deficiency anemia was about two times more likely in multiparous (OR=1.65; 95%CI: 1.12 to 2.44) than primiparious, failure to exclusively breast-feeding was also associated (p=0.003), postpartum iron deficiency anemia was two times more likely in those women those were not exclusive breast-feeding (OR=1.95; 95%CI: 1.24 to 3.07) than those were. Similarly post-partum iron deficiency anemia was ten times more likely in those women whose education was below or metric (OR=10.54; 95%CI: 2.85 to 39.03) than those who are highly educated. On the other hand, obesity was not associated (p=0.075) unadjusted odd ratio of obese was 0.68 (95%CI: 0.44 to 1.04) Conclusion: Multiparity failure to exclusively breast feed is significantly associated with postpartum iron deficiency anemia. Keywords: Postpartum iron deficiency anemia, obesity, multiparty","PeriodicalId":296492,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116564788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kaneez Ume Farwa, Waseema Afzal, Shumaila Ali Rai, T. Malik, Hafiz Haseeb Ahsan, Fatima Skina
Objective: To compare the efficacy between the fentanyl and tramadol infusion on post-operative cure of pain after a valvular heart surgery. Methods: Total of 40 patients were included in the study who underwent valvular heart surgery. Patients were divided into two groups, 20 patients were included in Tramadol group while 20 patients were assigned the Fentanyl group. After getting off from cardiopulmonary bypass pump (CPB), drug infusions were started. The drugs were continued for a duration of 48 hours after the surgery. The dose of Fentanyl was 0.5-1ug.kg-1.h-1 through continuous infusion for about 48 hours whereas Tramadol was given at a dose of 0.1-0.2 mg.kg- 1.h-1. Additionally, both the groups were also given intravenous paracetamol 1gm every 8 hours. Verbal rating scale comprising of 11 points was used to assess the efficacy of analgesia. The interval of data collection was 6h, 12h, 24h, 36h and 48h after surgery. Results: The mean cross clamping time, CPB time, mechanical ventilation, ICU stay and hospital stay of group F was 90.51±5.18 minutes, 120.65±5.58 minutes, 589.45±3.64 minutes, 4.01±0.45 days and 8.11±1.97 days, respectively. While, the mean cross clamping time, CPB time, mechanical ventilation time, ICU day and hospital days of group T was 86.91±4.11 minutes, 111.31±2.84 minutes, 507.45±5.54 minutes, 3.15±0.67 days and 7.4±1.14 days, respectively. The differences were statistically significant except hospital days (p=0.1777). Conclusion: It is evident from the given study that tramadol infusion is having equally analgesic characteristics as compared to fentanyl infusion after valvular heart surgery. Keywords: Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), Postoperative analgesia, Pain relief, assessment, Tramadol infusion.
{"title":"Comparison of Continuous Infusion of Intravenous Tramadol and Fentanyl on Postoperative Analgesia in Cardiac Surgery","authors":"Kaneez Ume Farwa, Waseema Afzal, Shumaila Ali Rai, T. Malik, Hafiz Haseeb Ahsan, Fatima Skina","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs221610268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221610268","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To compare the efficacy between the fentanyl and tramadol infusion on post-operative cure of pain after a valvular heart surgery. Methods: Total of 40 patients were included in the study who underwent valvular heart surgery. Patients were divided into two groups, 20 patients were included in Tramadol group while 20 patients were assigned the Fentanyl group. After getting off from cardiopulmonary bypass pump (CPB), drug infusions were started. The drugs were continued for a duration of 48 hours after the surgery. The dose of Fentanyl was 0.5-1ug.kg-1.h-1 through continuous infusion for about 48 hours whereas Tramadol was given at a dose of 0.1-0.2 mg.kg- 1.h-1. Additionally, both the groups were also given intravenous paracetamol 1gm every 8 hours. Verbal rating scale comprising of 11 points was used to assess the efficacy of analgesia. The interval of data collection was 6h, 12h, 24h, 36h and 48h after surgery. Results: The mean cross clamping time, CPB time, mechanical ventilation, ICU stay and hospital stay of group F was 90.51±5.18 minutes, 120.65±5.58 minutes, 589.45±3.64 minutes, 4.01±0.45 days and 8.11±1.97 days, respectively. While, the mean cross clamping time, CPB time, mechanical ventilation time, ICU day and hospital days of group T was 86.91±4.11 minutes, 111.31±2.84 minutes, 507.45±5.54 minutes, 3.15±0.67 days and 7.4±1.14 days, respectively. The differences were statistically significant except hospital days (p=0.1777). Conclusion: It is evident from the given study that tramadol infusion is having equally analgesic characteristics as compared to fentanyl infusion after valvular heart surgery. Keywords: Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), Postoperative analgesia, Pain relief, assessment, Tramadol infusion.","PeriodicalId":296492,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"440 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134559234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sadia Shabbir, Zainab Rauf, H. Pervez, Hijab Fatemah, A. Sattar, T. Khan
Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the perceived attractiveness of the face by change in chin position between orthodontic patients and the general public and determine their desire for surgery to correct it. Study Design: Cross Sectional Study Setting: Orthodontic OPD, Period: March 2021- July 2021 Material & Methods: An ideal facial outline was created with a computer software. 150 participants, divided into two groups (pre-treatment orthodontic patients and lay person) were part of the research. Each participant was given a survey and asked to fill it out and rank images on a summative scale Results: Results showed that the aesthetic judgement of both observer groups was the same for most images; The rating was decided by the amount of shift in the chin position, with the scoring being higher when the chin was more forward than when it was backward. Keywords: attractiveness, chin position, esthetics, facial profile, orthodontics
{"title":"The Importance of Chin Position on Perceived Attractiveness in Orthodontic Patient and Lay Person","authors":"Sadia Shabbir, Zainab Rauf, H. Pervez, Hijab Fatemah, A. Sattar, T. Khan","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs221610285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221610285","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the perceived attractiveness of the face by change in chin position between orthodontic patients and the general public and determine their desire for surgery to correct it. Study Design: Cross Sectional Study Setting: Orthodontic OPD, Period: March 2021- July 2021 Material & Methods: An ideal facial outline was created with a computer software. 150 participants, divided into two groups (pre-treatment orthodontic patients and lay person) were part of the research. Each participant was given a survey and asked to fill it out and rank images on a summative scale Results: Results showed that the aesthetic judgement of both observer groups was the same for most images; The rating was decided by the amount of shift in the chin position, with the scoring being higher when the chin was more forward than when it was backward. Keywords: attractiveness, chin position, esthetics, facial profile, orthodontics","PeriodicalId":296492,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133018576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tooba Fateen, Sehar Ali, Nazish Saqlain, Faiza Shafqat, A. Khalid, Kanwar Sajid Ali, Z. Kashif
Introduction: Frequent contribution of blood can cause iron exhaustion in blood donors along with the problems related to it. Curtailing the proportion of iron reduction among blood donors is a crucial plan for boosting donor’s well-being. Aim & objectives: The aim of this analysis is to determine iron stocks by measuring serum ferritin in pre-donation male blood donors along with their relation with the hemoglobin concentration and frequency of blood donations. Study design: Cross-sectional study. Place and duration: Pathology (immunohematology) department and blood bank of University of Child Health Sciences, The Children Hospital Lahore from Aug 2021 to July 2022 Material and Methods: A total of 350 serum samples were processed to determine hemoglobin and serum ferritin concentrations. The study involved was performed on healthy blood donors. The method used was chemiluminescence for the simultaneous measurement of serum ferritin. Results: An aggregate of 350 serums were collected from the contributors in blood bank. Among them, 154 were the first-time donor and 196 were the frequent donors; the serum ferritin was markedly reduced in constant contributors. The mean value 105ng/mL was found in infrequent donors and 79.35ng/mL was found in frequent donors. There was no notable variance in hemoglobin of newbie and regular blood givers. However, a momentous variation in the pervasiveness of iron depletion between first‑time and regular donors is found. Conclusion: Blood donation has a noteworthy impact on iron stores and is one of the most important factors for iron shortage in contributors, specifically in those who donate blood again and again. Serum ferritin measurement ought to be incorporated in the blood donor preference especially in the evaluation of consistent blood givers to assure enough iron pools in the donor community in order to sustain a pertinent potential donor.
{"title":"To Assess the Iron Reserves in Blood Donors by Measuring Serum Ferritin and Hemoglobin in the Children Hospital Lahore","authors":"Tooba Fateen, Sehar Ali, Nazish Saqlain, Faiza Shafqat, A. Khalid, Kanwar Sajid Ali, Z. Kashif","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs221610265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221610265","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Frequent contribution of blood can cause iron exhaustion in blood donors along with the problems related to it. Curtailing the proportion of iron reduction among blood donors is a crucial plan for boosting donor’s well-being. Aim & objectives: The aim of this analysis is to determine iron stocks by measuring serum ferritin in pre-donation male blood donors along with their relation with the hemoglobin concentration and frequency of blood donations. Study design: Cross-sectional study. Place and duration: Pathology (immunohematology) department and blood bank of University of Child Health Sciences, The Children Hospital Lahore from Aug 2021 to July 2022 Material and Methods: A total of 350 serum samples were processed to determine hemoglobin and serum ferritin concentrations. The study involved was performed on healthy blood donors. The method used was chemiluminescence for the simultaneous measurement of serum ferritin. Results: An aggregate of 350 serums were collected from the contributors in blood bank. Among them, 154 were the first-time donor and 196 were the frequent donors; the serum ferritin was markedly reduced in constant contributors. The mean value 105ng/mL was found in infrequent donors and 79.35ng/mL was found in frequent donors. There was no notable variance in hemoglobin of newbie and regular blood givers. However, a momentous variation in the pervasiveness of iron depletion between first‑time and regular donors is found. Conclusion: Blood donation has a noteworthy impact on iron stores and is one of the most important factors for iron shortage in contributors, specifically in those who donate blood again and again. Serum ferritin measurement ought to be incorporated in the blood donor preference especially in the evaluation of consistent blood givers to assure enough iron pools in the donor community in order to sustain a pertinent potential donor.","PeriodicalId":296492,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125234975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study aimed to detect some virulence genes of Proteus mirabilis isolates, isolation and diagnosis by biochemical tests and Vitek-2 system . The research was conducted in Nasiriyah City/Dhi-Qar, Iraq, in the period between April 2021 and January 2022, and 70 urine and 30 wound samples were obtained from patients admitted to some Hospitals . Isolates diagnosis was made based on morphological and cultural characteristics of blood agar, MacConkey agar, as well as conventional biochemical tests and Vitek-2 identification system. Depending on these criteria, out of 100 samples bacterial growth appeared in only 80 (80.0%) samples, while no bacterial growth appeared in the remaining 20 (20.0%). only 20 (20%) isolates were obtained from P. mirabilis. chosen for genetic testing in order to detect the virulence factors (15) isolates from Proteus mirabilis, such as colonization factor antigen (CFA), extracellular protease, swarming activity, and urease, were identified. The results showed that all isolates (100%) possessed UreC gene, ZapA gene, flaA gene and mrp gene. Keywords: Proteus mirabilis, UTIs, UreC, ZapA, mrp and flaA
{"title":"Detection of Virulence Genes of Proteus Mirabilis Isolated from Clinical Samples of some Hospitals in Nasiriyah City","authors":"Amany Shakeir Jaber","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs221610433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221610433","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to detect some virulence genes of Proteus mirabilis isolates, isolation and diagnosis by biochemical tests and Vitek-2 system . The research was conducted in Nasiriyah City/Dhi-Qar, Iraq, in the period between April 2021 and January 2022, and 70 urine and 30 wound samples were obtained from patients admitted to some Hospitals . Isolates diagnosis was made based on morphological and cultural characteristics of blood agar, MacConkey agar, as well as conventional biochemical tests and Vitek-2 identification system. Depending on these criteria, out of 100 samples bacterial growth appeared in only 80 (80.0%) samples, while no bacterial growth appeared in the remaining 20 (20.0%). only 20 (20%) isolates were obtained from P. mirabilis. chosen for genetic testing in order to detect the virulence factors (15) isolates from Proteus mirabilis, such as colonization factor antigen (CFA), extracellular protease, swarming activity, and urease, were identified. The results showed that all isolates (100%) possessed UreC gene, ZapA gene, flaA gene and mrp gene. Keywords: Proteus mirabilis, UTIs, UreC, ZapA, mrp and flaA","PeriodicalId":296492,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134320668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and aim: Hepatitis is a liver infection caused by a variety of viruses and is a major public health issue worldwide. Hepatitis B and C are common liver infections caused by HBV and HCV that spread through sexual contact, contaminated blood product and contaminated needles. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B and C in chronic liver disorders. Material and Methods: This prospective study was conducted on 136 chronic liver disease patients in the Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ayub Teaching Hospital Abbottabad from August 2021 to January 2022. Patients above 18 years age and clinically diagnosed with chronic liver disorder were enrolled. Chronic liver disorders were diagnosed based on clinical history, impaired liver function tests, and ultrasound. A questionnaire was used to accumulate possible related factors with virus infections from patients. Qualitative immunochromatographic method was used for screening out the serum for the presence of anti-hepatitis C virus antibodies and hepatitis B surface antigen. SPSS version 26 was used for data analysis. Results: Out of 136 chronic liver disorders, there were 88 (64.5%) male and 48 (35.5%) females. The overall mean age was 42.6±6.82 years with an age range from 15 to 75 years. Of the 136 CLD, the single, married, divorced, and widow were 34 (25%), 80 (58.8%), 12 (8.8%), and 10 (7.4%) respectively. The urban and rural dwellers were 98 (72.1%) and 38 (27.9%) respectively. The prevalence of Hepatitis B surface antigen and anti-HCV antibody was 52 (38.2%) and 34 (25%) respectively. The incidence of dual HBV and HCV coinfection was 6 (4.4%). Conclusion: The present study found that the prevalence of HBV and HCV infections were 38.2% and 25% among chronic liver disorders. HCV infections were 2.95 times higher in health facilities where dental extractions were provided compared to those who had no dental extraction facilities. All the CLD clinically diagnosed should be tested for HBV and HCV infections. Sterilization of surgical and dental instruments in proper way must be done along with public education regarding infections and transmission modes to prevent infections spreading. Keywords: HBV, HCV, Chronic liver disorders
背景与目的:肝炎是一种由多种病毒引起的肝脏感染，是世界范围内的一个重大公共卫生问题。乙型和丙型肝炎是由乙型肝炎病毒和丙型肝炎病毒引起的常见肝脏感染，通过性接触、受污染的血液制品和受污染的针头传播。本研究旨在确定乙型和丙型肝炎在慢性肝脏疾病中的患病率。材料和方法:这项前瞻性研究于2021年8月至2022年1月在阿伯塔巴德Ayub教学医院消化病学和肝病科对136名慢性肝病患者进行了研究。患者年龄在18岁以上，临床诊断为慢性肝病。根据临床病史、肝功能检查和超声诊断慢性肝病。采用问卷调查的方法收集可能与患者感染病毒相关的因素。采用定性免疫层析法筛选血清中是否存在抗丙型肝炎病毒抗体和乙型肝炎表面抗原。使用SPSS version 26进行数据分析。结果:136例慢性肝病患者中，男性88例(64.5%)，女性48例(35.5%)。年龄15 ~ 75岁，平均年龄42.6±6.82岁。其中，单身34人(25%)，已婚80人(58.8%)，离婚12人(8.8%)，丧偶10人(7.4%)。城镇居民98人(72.1%)，农村居民38人(27.9%)。乙型肝炎表面抗原和抗hcv抗体阳性率分别为52例(38.2%)和34例(25%)。HBV和HCV双重感染发生率为6例(4.4%)。结论:本研究发现慢性肝病患者中HBV和HCV感染率分别为38.2%和25%。在提供拔牙的卫生机构中，丙型肝炎病毒感染率比没有拔牙设施的卫生机构高2.95倍。所有临床诊断的CLD都应进行HBV和HCV感染检测。必须以适当的方式对外科和牙科器械进行消毒，同时对公众进行有关感染和传播方式的教育，以防止感染蔓延。关键词:HBV, HCV，慢性肝脏疾病
{"title":"Prevalence of Hepatitis B and C Viral Infections in Chronic Liver Disorder","authors":"M. Riaz, Henna Khalid, N. Kiran","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs221610396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221610396","url":null,"abstract":"Background and aim: Hepatitis is a liver infection caused by a variety of viruses and is a major public health issue worldwide. Hepatitis B and C are common liver infections caused by HBV and HCV that spread through sexual contact, contaminated blood product and contaminated needles. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B and C in chronic liver disorders. Material and Methods: This prospective study was conducted on 136 chronic liver disease patients in the Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ayub Teaching Hospital Abbottabad from August 2021 to January 2022. Patients above 18 years age and clinically diagnosed with chronic liver disorder were enrolled. Chronic liver disorders were diagnosed based on clinical history, impaired liver function tests, and ultrasound. A questionnaire was used to accumulate possible related factors with virus infections from patients. Qualitative immunochromatographic method was used for screening out the serum for the presence of anti-hepatitis C virus antibodies and hepatitis B surface antigen. SPSS version 26 was used for data analysis. Results: Out of 136 chronic liver disorders, there were 88 (64.5%) male and 48 (35.5%) females. The overall mean age was 42.6±6.82 years with an age range from 15 to 75 years. Of the 136 CLD, the single, married, divorced, and widow were 34 (25%), 80 (58.8%), 12 (8.8%), and 10 (7.4%) respectively. The urban and rural dwellers were 98 (72.1%) and 38 (27.9%) respectively. The prevalence of Hepatitis B surface antigen and anti-HCV antibody was 52 (38.2%) and 34 (25%) respectively. The incidence of dual HBV and HCV coinfection was 6 (4.4%). Conclusion: The present study found that the prevalence of HBV and HCV infections were 38.2% and 25% among chronic liver disorders. HCV infections were 2.95 times higher in health facilities where dental extractions were provided compared to those who had no dental extraction facilities. All the CLD clinically diagnosed should be tested for HBV and HCV infections. Sterilization of surgical and dental instruments in proper way must be done along with public education regarding infections and transmission modes to prevent infections spreading. Keywords: HBV, HCV, Chronic liver disorders","PeriodicalId":296492,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122246454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sumaira Riffat, Sahar Zahid, Mushtaq Hussain, R. Rehman, M. Qureshi
Background: Aggressive behavior is a multifaceted construct involving various physiological modulators and genetic factors with a variable frequency in different populations. Of multiple genetic factors, serotonin is known to have profound role with disagreement exists in relation to its expressional alignment with the intensity of aggression. The existing study is designed to develop alignment of the psychological scale of aggression with the plasma serotonin levels. Methodology: Buss Perry Aggression Questionnaires (BP-AQs) were distributed among male and female students of different universities of Karachi. Among those, 2000 properly filled questionnaires were selected to be scrutinized and scored which led to selection of 80 students each of score lower than 60 (least aggressive individuals) or higher than 100 (most aggressive individuals). Plasma serotonin levels of the 160 individuals were then measured by ELISA. Results: Cumulatively, males tend to have higher BP-AQ score than females (79.14+16.22 vs. 75.28+16.97) and also in physical aggression (23.81+6.44 vs. 21.05+6.17) statistically significant difference of p=0.0011 and p<0.0001, respectively. All scores of different forms of aggression were found positively correlated with each other and with strong statistical significance. Level of serotonin was found significantly higher (p=0.0004) in females (244ng/ml) compared to males (70.39ng/ml). Plasma serotonin levels were negatively correlated with BP-AQ scores especially in females (p=0.0222) and in whole of the assessed subjects (p=0.0069). Practical implication: In order to facilitate a better understanding of aggressive behaviour, this study helps to align a physiological biomarker with psychological tools. Additionally, serotonin can be used as a biomarker to comprehend the physiological underpinnings of aggression, and future studies can be planned that use serotonin or its receptors in relation to aggressive behaviour. And it will positively impact the mental health of any society. Conclusion: The findings in total suggest male holds more aggressive behavior especially physical aggression compared to females. Additionally, the aggression in female is more profoundly associated with the low plasma serotonin level. Keywords: Aggression, Behavior, Hostility, Adolescents, Neurotransmitters, Serotonin,
{"title":"Aggression Assessment and Plasma Serotonin Level amongst Pakistani Youngsters","authors":"Sumaira Riffat, Sahar Zahid, Mushtaq Hussain, R. Rehman, M. Qureshi","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs221610321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221610321","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Aggressive behavior is a multifaceted construct involving various physiological modulators and genetic factors with a variable frequency in different populations. Of multiple genetic factors, serotonin is known to have profound role with disagreement exists in relation to its expressional alignment with the intensity of aggression. The existing study is designed to develop alignment of the psychological scale of aggression with the plasma serotonin levels. Methodology: Buss Perry Aggression Questionnaires (BP-AQs) were distributed among male and female students of different universities of Karachi. Among those, 2000 properly filled questionnaires were selected to be scrutinized and scored which led to selection of 80 students each of score lower than 60 (least aggressive individuals) or higher than 100 (most aggressive individuals). Plasma serotonin levels of the 160 individuals were then measured by ELISA. Results: Cumulatively, males tend to have higher BP-AQ score than females (79.14+16.22 vs. 75.28+16.97) and also in physical aggression (23.81+6.44 vs. 21.05+6.17) statistically significant difference of p=0.0011 and p<0.0001, respectively. All scores of different forms of aggression were found positively correlated with each other and with strong statistical significance. Level of serotonin was found significantly higher (p=0.0004) in females (244ng/ml) compared to males (70.39ng/ml). Plasma serotonin levels were negatively correlated with BP-AQ scores especially in females (p=0.0222) and in whole of the assessed subjects (p=0.0069). Practical implication: In order to facilitate a better understanding of aggressive behaviour, this study helps to align a physiological biomarker with psychological tools. Additionally, serotonin can be used as a biomarker to comprehend the physiological underpinnings of aggression, and future studies can be planned that use serotonin or its receptors in relation to aggressive behaviour. And it will positively impact the mental health of any society. Conclusion: The findings in total suggest male holds more aggressive behavior especially physical aggression compared to females. Additionally, the aggression in female is more profoundly associated with the low plasma serotonin level. Keywords: Aggression, Behavior, Hostility, Adolescents, Neurotransmitters, Serotonin,","PeriodicalId":296492,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115107575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) also known as diabetes of pregnancy is associated with adverse feto-maternal outcomes threatening the life of both mother and fetus. Timely diagnosis and early management of GDM is the key to prevent complications resulting from this incapacitating illness. Purpose of current study is to assess the prevalence of GDM in Pakistan. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. Data was collected at department of obstetrics and gynaecology from 190 pregnant women. Ethical approval was obtained from IRB of institution and informed consent was taken from all the study participants. Detailed history was gathered and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) performed. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 23.0. Descriptive statistics like frequencies and percentages were calculated to assess the prevalence of GDM. Results: According to age, GDM was prevalent in age group of 33-43 years 30(55%). Also educational status of participant reveals the fact that GDM was common in matric group 20(22%). Parity status >1 show more cases of GDM. Similarly, positive family history and time interval <24 months between pregnancies were prone to GDM. Out of 190, GDM was present in 18(9.47%) cases. So, in this study calculated prevalence rate was 9.47%. Study findings will help policy makers to design programs for creating public awareness regarding Gestational diabetes through the use of multiple media. Polices regarding early evaluation of gestational diabetes will help to prevent feto-maternal complications. Hence would prove fruitful to decrease the cost and burden of illness. Conclusion: It is concluded from our study that prevalence of GDM is 9.47% in Pakistan. There is a need to make early diagnosis and timely management of GDM to avoid the life threatening consequences. Policy makers should pay special attention to overcome this issue and proper antenatal visits should be planned for pregnant mothers. Keywords: Prevalence, GDM, Pregnancy, Pakistan
{"title":"Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Pakistan: A Cross Sectional Study","authors":"Iram Inam, Eman Madnia, A. Ammar, Saadia Sajjad","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs221610241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221610241","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) also known as diabetes of pregnancy is associated with adverse feto-maternal outcomes threatening the life of both mother and fetus. Timely diagnosis and early management of GDM is the key to prevent complications resulting from this incapacitating illness. Purpose of current study is to assess the prevalence of GDM in Pakistan. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. Data was collected at department of obstetrics and gynaecology from 190 pregnant women. Ethical approval was obtained from IRB of institution and informed consent was taken from all the study participants. Detailed history was gathered and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) performed. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 23.0. Descriptive statistics like frequencies and percentages were calculated to assess the prevalence of GDM. Results: According to age, GDM was prevalent in age group of 33-43 years 30(55%). Also educational status of participant reveals the fact that GDM was common in matric group 20(22%). Parity status >1 show more cases of GDM. Similarly, positive family history and time interval <24 months between pregnancies were prone to GDM. Out of 190, GDM was present in 18(9.47%) cases. So, in this study calculated prevalence rate was 9.47%. Study findings will help policy makers to design programs for creating public awareness regarding Gestational diabetes through the use of multiple media. Polices regarding early evaluation of gestational diabetes will help to prevent feto-maternal complications. Hence would prove fruitful to decrease the cost and burden of illness. Conclusion: It is concluded from our study that prevalence of GDM is 9.47% in Pakistan. There is a need to make early diagnosis and timely management of GDM to avoid the life threatening consequences. Policy makers should pay special attention to overcome this issue and proper antenatal visits should be planned for pregnant mothers. Keywords: Prevalence, GDM, Pregnancy, Pakistan","PeriodicalId":296492,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127121599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aliya Raza, Muhammad Ibrahim, Romah Ishfaq, Iqra Saleem, Muhammad Awais Altaf, Umema Asmat
Background: Microbiological contamination plays salient role in governing the outcome and time span in the hospital for burn victims in burn unit. Therefore, regular supervision of microbes and its resistance pattern is mandatory. The emergence of Multi Drug Resistant (MDR) bacteria provoked researchers to develop new plans to combat against the threat. Objective: To assess the infectious organisms, to know the drug resistance of isolates and ascertain the effectiveness of antibiotics against microbes that are found in burn patients. Methodology: Descriptive case series study performed and Quantitative data was collected in Jan 2019 to April 2019. Two hundred sample from burn patients admitted in Pak Italian Burn Unit Multan was collected, processed for culture, bacterial identifications and to test the antibiotics sensitivity in accordance with CLSI (clinical and laboratory standards institute) guidelines. Results: Gram negative bacteria were 189 (94.5%) and gram positive were 11 (5.5%).Organisms isolated were Proteus vulgaris 53 (26.5%) followed by Escherichia coli 47 (23.5%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 45 (22.5%), Enterobacter 44 (22%) and Staphylococcus aureus 11 (5.5%). Imipenem 156 (78%), Meropenem150 (75%), Moxifloxacin 17(8.5%), Levofloxacin 67 (33.5%), Piperacillin/Tazobactam 123 (61.5%), Oxifloxacin 22 (11%) and Amikacin 16 (8%) were used for antibiotic sensitivity. Practical implication: Our study results can helpful for all health care personals to select new regime of antibiotics which significantly declined in all types of burn patients and also we are able to decrease the mortality rate in such patients. Assertive contagion limitations can helpful in confining the disease and proliferation of MDR pathogens. Conclusion: This study proved to be successful because antibiotic associated complications were decreased significantly as a result mortality rate declination was also noticed in all the types of burn patients. Keywords: Antibiogram, Burn, Clinical evaluations, Infection, Multi drug resistance (MDR), Mortality.
{"title":"Incidence, Clinical Evaluation and Antibiogram of Bacterial Isolates Obtained from Burn Patients","authors":"Aliya Raza, Muhammad Ibrahim, Romah Ishfaq, Iqra Saleem, Muhammad Awais Altaf, Umema Asmat","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs221610282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221610282","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Microbiological contamination plays salient role in governing the outcome and time span in the hospital for burn victims in burn unit. Therefore, regular supervision of microbes and its resistance pattern is mandatory. The emergence of Multi Drug Resistant (MDR) bacteria provoked researchers to develop new plans to combat against the threat. Objective: To assess the infectious organisms, to know the drug resistance of isolates and ascertain the effectiveness of antibiotics against microbes that are found in burn patients. Methodology: Descriptive case series study performed and Quantitative data was collected in Jan 2019 to April 2019. Two hundred sample from burn patients admitted in Pak Italian Burn Unit Multan was collected, processed for culture, bacterial identifications and to test the antibiotics sensitivity in accordance with CLSI (clinical and laboratory standards institute) guidelines. Results: Gram negative bacteria were 189 (94.5%) and gram positive were 11 (5.5%).Organisms isolated were Proteus vulgaris 53 (26.5%) followed by Escherichia coli 47 (23.5%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 45 (22.5%), Enterobacter 44 (22%) and Staphylococcus aureus 11 (5.5%). Imipenem 156 (78%), Meropenem150 (75%), Moxifloxacin 17(8.5%), Levofloxacin 67 (33.5%), Piperacillin/Tazobactam 123 (61.5%), Oxifloxacin 22 (11%) and Amikacin 16 (8%) were used for antibiotic sensitivity. Practical implication: Our study results can helpful for all health care personals to select new regime of antibiotics which significantly declined in all types of burn patients and also we are able to decrease the mortality rate in such patients. Assertive contagion limitations can helpful in confining the disease and proliferation of MDR pathogens. Conclusion: This study proved to be successful because antibiotic associated complications were decreased significantly as a result mortality rate declination was also noticed in all the types of burn patients. Keywords: Antibiogram, Burn, Clinical evaluations, Infection, Multi drug resistance (MDR), Mortality.","PeriodicalId":296492,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122638794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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