The current publications present information about the history of church union negotiations in the second half of the 13th century. The mane goal of emperor Michael VIII Palaeologus is to stop the military campaign against Byzantium. At the Second Council of Lyons (6 July 1274) was declared a union between Catholics and Orthodox. This is the most significant opportunity for the unity of Christendom. But the union also became an occasion for final division. Then any attempt at rapprochement is doomed to failure.
{"title":"The Papacy, the Patriarchate of Constantinople and the Second Council of Lyon (1274)","authors":"Momchil Mladenov","doi":"10.54664/ghcm5185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54664/ghcm5185","url":null,"abstract":"The current publications present information about the history of church union negotiations in the second half of the 13th century. The mane goal of emperor Michael VIII Palaeologus is to stop the military campaign against Byzantium. At the Second Council of Lyons (6 July 1274) was declared a union between Catholics and Orthodox. This is the most significant opportunity for the unity of Christendom. But the union also became an occasion for final division. Then any attempt at rapprochement is doomed to failure.","PeriodicalId":29684,"journal":{"name":"Epohi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47742132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article aims to examine and call more attention to an old, unduly disregarded ethnographic map from 1874, drafted by the Slovenian intellectual Maks Pleteršnik. The „Ethnographic Map of the Bulgarian Land“ outlines the territories across European Turkey populated by ethnic Bulgarians at the time. It is the first known ethnographic map authored by a non-Bulgarian to deal exclusively with the Bulgarian people, which makes it a document of particular importance. This article retraces the map‘s history in brief, elucidates the historical situation and the reasons for its drafting, and attempts to determine the sources used in its composition. The map is then subjected to an extensive analysis, with the goal of explicating its specific peculiarities as well as its shortcomings and virtues/ contributions. The book „Slovanstvo,“ wherein the map was first published as an appendix, is also given its due consideration. This article fills in a certain gap in research and hopefully will be of use not only to the scientific community, but a much wider readership as well.
{"title":"19th-Century Slovenian Ethnographic Map of the Bulgarian Lands","authors":"D. Yordanov","doi":"10.54664/rwea3917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54664/rwea3917","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to examine and call more attention to an old, unduly disregarded ethnographic map from 1874, drafted by the Slovenian intellectual Maks Pleteršnik. The „Ethnographic Map of the Bulgarian Land“ outlines the territories across European Turkey populated by ethnic Bulgarians at the time. It is the first known ethnographic map authored by a non-Bulgarian to deal exclusively with the Bulgarian people, which makes it a document of particular importance. This article retraces the map‘s history in brief, elucidates the historical situation and the reasons for its drafting, and attempts to determine the sources used in its composition. The map is then subjected to an extensive analysis, with the goal of explicating its specific peculiarities as well as its shortcomings and virtues/ contributions. The book „Slovanstvo,“ wherein the map was first published as an appendix, is also given its due consideration. This article fills in a certain gap in research and hopefully will be of use not only to the scientific community, but a much wider readership as well.","PeriodicalId":29684,"journal":{"name":"Epohi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47929845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper explores the status, rights, and responsibilities of teachers of the Kiev Institute of Noble Girls, which were regulated by the Charter of that institution and official documents of the Office of the Institutions of Empress Maria. It is shown the connection between the institute teachers and class inspectors, and the division of tutors. Also, it highlights the teachers’ work load, salaries, and the impact of teachers on girls’ daily routine life, which are based on the memories of the alumni.
{"title":"A Collective Portrait of Teachers of Kyiv Institute of Noble Girls in their Daily Routine in the 19th Century","authors":"I.І. Zhovta","doi":"10.54664/xsce3681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54664/xsce3681","url":null,"abstract":"The paper explores the status, rights, and responsibilities of teachers of the Kiev Institute of Noble Girls, which were regulated by the Charter of that institution and official documents of the Office of the Institutions of Empress Maria. It is shown the connection between the institute teachers and class inspectors, and the division of tutors. Also, it highlights the teachers’ work load, salaries, and the impact of teachers on girls’ daily routine life, which are based on the memories of the alumni.","PeriodicalId":29684,"journal":{"name":"Epohi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46881524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rec. ad: Plamen Pavlov. The Dynasty of Krum. Sofia: „BI 93“, 2019, 415 pp. ISBN: 978-619-7496-40-6 (In Bulgarian)","authors":"Vidin Sukarev","doi":"10.54664/sjss1737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54664/sjss1737","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29684,"journal":{"name":"Epohi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42861481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article discusses the nature of the Phrygian ruler’s institution in order to elucidate its place in the potestary-political system of the Phrygian society. On the basis of the assumption that the inscription on the Midas Monument’s rock-cut façade was consecrated not to the king Midas, but to the goddess Mida, an attempt has been made to stress the necessity of further analysis of the questions concerning the meaning of the titles lavagt-, vanak- and others, the origins of the supreme titles in Phrygian titulature, the presence of the priest-king in the Phrygian potestary-political system, the validity of the so-called ‘Wanax to Basileus Model’ in view of the Phrygian example, etc.
文章讨论了弗里吉亚统治者制度的性质，以阐明其在弗里吉亚社会潜在政治体系中的地位。基于米达斯纪念碑岩石切割立面上的铭文不是献给米达斯国王的，而是献给米达女神的假设，我们试图强调有必要进一步分析关于拉瓦特、瓦纳克和其他头衔的含义、弗里吉亚头衔中最高头衔的起源、，祭司王在弗里吉亚强权政治体系中的存在，从弗里吉亚例来看所谓的“Wanax to Basileus模式”的有效性，等等。
{"title":"The “Decline” of Bronze Age wanax: The Phrygian vanak-, the Priest-King, the ‘Wanax to Basileus Model’ and the Power Relations in Phrygian Society","authors":"S. Yordanov","doi":"10.54664/fhvd9822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54664/fhvd9822","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the nature of the Phrygian ruler’s institution in order to elucidate its place in the potestary-political system of the Phrygian society. On the basis of the assumption that the inscription on the Midas Monument’s rock-cut façade was consecrated not to the king Midas, but to the goddess Mida, an attempt has been made to stress the necessity of further analysis of the questions concerning the meaning of the titles lavagt-, vanak- and others, the origins of the supreme titles in Phrygian titulature, the presence of the priest-king in the Phrygian potestary-political system, the validity of the so-called ‘Wanax to Basileus Model’ in view of the Phrygian example, etc.","PeriodicalId":29684,"journal":{"name":"Epohi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48170144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During the last few years, an attempt has been made in Bulgarian society to impose the con-tention that the Ottoman period is represented in the school history and civilizations textbooks through the definition “Ottoman Presence”. The present article seeks to provide a scientifically grounded review of the educational documentation concerning school history education, and in particular the history textbooks, to ascertain whether such a definition is present or absent.
{"title":"The „Ottoman Presence“ in Contemporary History Textbooks – Myth or Reality","authors":"Yulia Simeonova","doi":"10.54664/xmzf3705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54664/xmzf3705","url":null,"abstract":"During the last few years, an attempt has been made in Bulgarian society to impose the con-tention that the Ottoman period is represented in the school history and civilizations textbooks through the definition “Ottoman Presence”. The present article seeks to provide a scientifically grounded review of the educational documentation concerning school history education, and in particular the history textbooks, to ascertain whether such a definition is present or absent.","PeriodicalId":29684,"journal":{"name":"Epohi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44522344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article deals with the problem of emergence and development of abolitionism in Great Britain at the end of the 18th and the beginning of the 19th centuries. At that time the country played a leading role in the transatlantic slave trade and it was an irony in history that it was Britain that became home of a popular movement that aimed to put an end to the infamous human traffic and, eventually, to slavery in general. From an isolated idea of few people abolitionism grew into the first real civil rights movement in Great Britain which gained a powerful social support and in 1807 succeeded to pass the Slave Trade Act in the Parliament. The author presents both the arguments of the supporters and the opponents of the transatlantic trade focusing on the roles of the leading abolitionists, such as Granville Sharp, Thomas Clarkson and William Wilberforce. Since the abolitionists’ views were more well-grounded than those of the planters, they were able to win the public opinion and to carry the day.
{"title":"Abolitionism and the End of the Legal Slave Trade in Great Britain","authors":"Pavlin Atanasov","doi":"10.54664/vwtb4907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54664/vwtb4907","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the problem of emergence and development of abolitionism in Great Britain at the end of the 18th and the beginning of the 19th centuries. At that time the country played a leading role in the transatlantic slave trade and it was an irony in history that it was Britain that became home of a popular movement that aimed to put an end to the infamous human traffic and, eventually, to slavery in general. From an isolated idea of few people abolitionism grew into the first real civil rights movement in Great Britain which gained a powerful social support and in 1807 succeeded to pass the Slave Trade Act in the Parliament. The author presents both the arguments of the supporters and the opponents of the transatlantic trade focusing on the roles of the leading abolitionists, such as Granville Sharp, Thomas Clarkson and William Wilberforce. Since the abolitionists’ views were more well-grounded than those of the planters, they were able to win the public opinion and to carry the day.","PeriodicalId":29684,"journal":{"name":"Epohi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45308983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main problem, discussed in the article, is the place the chief takes in the potestary-political system of the so-called chiefdom and the so-called early state. The starting point is the conception that the chief¬tain institution is a polyvariant phenomenon. The data of the cross-cultural analysis of the problem concerning the chieftain institution of the late tribal epoch, the epochs of politogenesis and of the early state, respectively, outline comparatively distinctly several categories of chiefs: firstly, the sacralized institution of the chiefs of the separate segments of the clans, delocalized in communities, i. e. the leaders of the separate structural sections of these tribal organization, still consisting of clans, organized on the principle of the classification kinship; secondly, the chiefs who were connected with the leadership in the primary age-set system, and thirdly, the category of chiefs, designated with the ethnological term bigman. It was on the basis of these three categories of chiefs on which the chieftain institutions of the epoch of politogenesis are formed, building the supreme sections of the potestary-political system of the so-called chiefdom: the category of the hereditary sacralized chief-(priest), the category of the military chiefs (which is their most general qualification), and the category of the so-called bigmen. It is the figures of these three categories of chiefs that stand out strongly in the pote¬stary-political system of the epoch of the politogenesis and determine their definition as chiefdom. Undoubtedly, the good knowledge of the chieftain institution with its categories will be of great help to the study of genesis of the monocratic institution. In the current research the attention is focused on a limited number of questions – the “class of the chiefs”, the supreme chieftain colleges and the binary chieftain institution, the paramount chief.
{"title":"Chiefdom as a Phenomenon. III. 1. Chiefdom and the Chieftain Institution in its Potestary-political System: the “Classe of the Chiefs”, the Dual Chieftain Institution, the Paramount Chief","authors":"S. Yordanov","doi":"10.54664/ookl3661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54664/ookl3661","url":null,"abstract":"The main problem, discussed in the article, is the place the chief takes in the potestary-political system of the so-called chiefdom and the so-called early state. The starting point is the conception that the chief¬tain institution is a polyvariant phenomenon. The data of the cross-cultural analysis of the problem concerning the chieftain institution of the late tribal epoch, the epochs of politogenesis and of the early state, respectively, outline comparatively distinctly several categories of chiefs: firstly, the sacralized institution of the chiefs of the separate segments of the clans, delocalized in communities, i. e. the leaders of the separate structural sections of these tribal organization, still consisting of clans, organized on the principle of the classification kinship; secondly, the chiefs who were connected with the leadership in the primary age-set system, and thirdly, the category of chiefs, designated with the ethnological term bigman. It was on the basis of these three categories of chiefs on which the chieftain institutions of the epoch of politogenesis are formed, building the supreme sections of the potestary-political system of the so-called chiefdom: the category of the hereditary sacralized chief-(priest), the category of the military chiefs (which is their most general qualification), and the category of the so-called bigmen. It is the figures of these three categories of chiefs that stand out strongly in the pote¬stary-political system of the epoch of the politogenesis and determine their definition as chiefdom. Undoubtedly, the good knowledge of the chieftain institution with its categories will be of great help to the study of genesis of the monocratic institution. In the current research the attention is focused on a limited number of questions – the “class of the chiefs”, the supreme chieftain colleges and the binary chieftain institution, the paramount chief.","PeriodicalId":29684,"journal":{"name":"Epohi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45081637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Supplement to: The Historical Theme in the Works of Sculptor Boris Gondov","authors":"Stanislava Angelova","doi":"10.54664/rxgd5481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54664/rxgd5481","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29684,"journal":{"name":"Epohi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42456480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In addition to the researches of life and deeds of the Apostle of Freedom, we learn a lot of things concerning not only his times, but also his near and dear, among whom is also the object of the present article. Although Yana Kuncheva-Nacheva did not do great deeds, she takes a well-deserved place among many other women of that heroic epoch. She, as well as her family, helped Levski and the future revolution in general, as far as they could. Furthermore, her valuable memoirs about her brother and his times, and her life after the Liberation in the new social and political situation – a double process in itself – is a source of information of Yana herself and her relatives, as well as of the period in question.
{"title":"Yana Kuncheva-Nacheva – Vasil Levski’s Sister","authors":"Stancho Todorov","doi":"10.54664/rzey9636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54664/rzey9636","url":null,"abstract":"In addition to the researches of life and deeds of the Apostle of Freedom, we learn a lot of things concerning not only his times, but also his near and dear, among whom is also the object of the present article. Although Yana Kuncheva-Nacheva did not do great deeds, she takes a well-deserved place among many other women of that heroic epoch. She, as well as her family, helped Levski and the future revolution in general, as far as they could. Furthermore, her valuable memoirs about her brother and his times, and her life after the Liberation in the new social and political situation – a double process in itself – is a source of information of Yana herself and her relatives, as well as of the period in question.","PeriodicalId":29684,"journal":{"name":"Epohi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43506177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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