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Digitalization and Labor Restructuring 数字化与劳动力结构调整
Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2023-10-06 DOI: 10.1515/zfw-2023-0047
Martina Fuchs, Andrew Cumbers
Abstract This editorial shows how the digital economy continuously reshapes work and employment. Based on a literature review, it illustrates that digitalization frequently implies job loss, de-skilling and measures to restrict co-determination and participation of labor. However, digitalization also offers opportunities for managers, employees and unions to create new work tasks and conditions for skilled work. After showing major trends of digitalization in the last decades, the editorial illustrates recent research fields in economic geography.
这篇社论展示了数字经济如何不断重塑工作和就业。在文献综述的基础上,它说明了数字化往往意味着失业、去技能和限制共同决策和劳动力参与的措施。然而,数字化也为管理者、员工和工会提供了机会,为技术工作创造新的工作任务和条件。在展示了过去几十年数字化的主要趋势之后,这篇社论阐述了经济地理学的最新研究领域。
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引用次数: 0
Injecting climate finance into SME lending in Germany: Opportunities for and limitations of regional savings and cooperative Banks 向德国中小企业贷款注入气候融资:区域储蓄与合作银行的机遇与局限
Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2023-08-09 DOI: 10.1515/zfw-2022-0011
Franz Flögel, Philipp Schepelmann, Hans-Martin Zademach, Michael Zörner
Abstract Although small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) contribute considerably to Germany’s carbon emissions, regional savings and cooperative banks − SMEs’ most important financiers − hardly consider this aspect in lending to these businesses. However, given Germany’s commitment to climate neutrality by 2045, suitable approaches for injecting climate finance into these SME lending processes are greatly required. Against this background, the paper at hand aims to introduce the specific case of regional banks into the debate on green finance and green banking and suggest future research in this context. In discussing the state of research on the peculiarities of regional savings and cooperative banks, we outline the resulting opportunities and limitations for climate impact assessments in SME lending. We argue that while the dual bottom-line orientation of regional banks in Germany precludes them from applying simple positive or negative screenings, their in-depth knowledge about local clients and circumstances enables them to be active and engaging partners for the green transformation of SMEs. Nonetheless, we explain why developing solutions to utilise this knowledge for climate finance by integrating climate impact assessments into routine lending processes remains a particularly challenging task.
尽管中小企业对德国的碳排放贡献很大,但作为中小企业最重要的融资人,地区储蓄银行和合作银行在向这些企业提供贷款时几乎没有考虑到这一点。然而,鉴于德国承诺到2045年实现气候中和,为这些中小企业贷款过程注入气候融资的合适方法是非常必要的。在此背景下,本文旨在将区域银行的具体案例引入到关于绿色金融和绿色银行的辩论中,并提出在此背景下的未来研究建议。在讨论区域储蓄和合作银行特殊性的研究现状时,我们概述了中小企业贷款中气候影响评估的机会和限制。我们认为,虽然德国地区银行的双重底线取向使它们无法应用简单的积极或消极筛选,但它们对当地客户和环境的深入了解使它们能够成为中小企业绿色转型的积极和有吸引力的合作伙伴。尽管如此,我们解释了为什么通过将气候影响评估纳入常规贷款流程来开发利用气候融资知识的解决方案仍然是一项特别具有挑战性的任务。
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引用次数: 0
Ingo Liefner & Sebastian Losacker: Nachhaltige Wirtschaftsgeographie Ingo送货& Sebastian Losacker:可持续经济地理
Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2023-08-09 DOI: 10.1515/zfw-2023-0051
Thomas Neise
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引用次数: 0
Levelling Up and The Privileging of sub-national governance in England in the inter-Brexit space 退欧空间中英格兰地方治理的升级与特权化
Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2023-07-18 DOI: 10.1515/zfw-2023-0048
A. Nurse, O. Sykes
Abstract Although the UK’s exit from the European Union – ‘Brexit’ – has overwhelmingly dominated the national political discourse since 2016 to the expense of nearly every other domestic issue, the policy agenda in the wake of this process is beginning to emerge. This paper examines this agenda, ostensibly supporting a programme of ‘levelling up’ which responds to the perceived root-causes of Brexit. In doing so, we consider the funding streams proposed by the UK Government – namely the Towns Fund, Shared Prosperity Fund and Levelling Up Funds – and examine the extent to which the rhetoric aligns with the reality of their allocation. In doing so, we also consider how, if at all, these schemes correspond to the European Structural Investment Funds (ESIF) they are intended to replace. This paper examines this period of change to consider how the Brexit process is mirroring, and indeed entrenching, these processes of uneven development. We find that the early indications suggest that the UK government is proceeding with funding allocations in a way which can overlook places which meet the technical funding criteria, and therefore indicates political favouring is at play.
尽管自2016年以来,英国退出欧盟(“脱欧”)以几乎所有其他国内问题为代价,压倒性地主导了国家政治话语,但这一进程之后的政策议程正在开始出现。本文研究了这一议程,表面上支持一个“升级”计划,该计划回应了英国退欧的根本原因。在此过程中,我们考虑了英国政府提出的资金流——即城镇基金、共享繁荣基金和升级基金——并检查了这些言论在多大程度上符合其分配的现实。在此过程中,我们还考虑了这些计划如何(如果有的话)与它们打算取代的欧洲结构投资基金(ESIF)相对应。本文考察了这一时期的变化,以考虑英国脱欧进程如何反映并实际上巩固了这些不平衡发展的进程。我们发现,早期迹象表明,英国政府正在以一种可能忽视符合技术资助标准的地方的方式进行资金分配,因此表明政治偏袒在起作用。
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引用次数: 1
Seven Years of Brexit: Economic Geographies of Regional De- and Recoupling 英国脱欧七年:区域脱钩与再挂钩的经济地理学
Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2023-07-18 DOI: 10.1515/zfw-2023-0046
Johannes Glückler, D. Wójcik
Abstract This editorial offers a comprehensive introduction to the economic geographies of Brexit. It reviews the state of research on the multiple causes and consequences of the 2016 UK referendum and highlights the role of geographical context in the way that these factors interact in affecting voting behaviour and economic impact. Departing from an appraisal of the literature, we discuss the scope of six original studies collected in the special issue that, each using different analytical methods, present evidence on the impact of Brexit on the relocation of financial services firms, the recoupling of London with the other European financial centres, differences in regional productivity across the UK, as well as on the potential of UK regional policy to offset the disadvantages of financial decoupling from the European Union. Recognizing signs of political and economic disintegration beyond Europe, we conclude by highlighting a need for further research on the economic geographies of de- and recoupling.
这篇社论全面介绍了英国脱欧的经济地理。它回顾了2016年英国公投的多种原因和后果的研究现状,并强调了地理环境在这些因素相互作用影响投票行为和经济影响的方式中的作用。从对文献的评估出发,我们讨论了特刊中收集的六项原始研究的范围,每项研究都使用不同的分析方法,提供了英国脱欧对金融服务公司搬迁的影响的证据,伦敦与其他欧洲金融中心的再挂钩,英国各地区域生产力的差异,以及英国地区政策抵消与欧盟金融脱钩不利影响的潜力。认识到欧洲以外的政治和经济解体的迹象,我们最后强调需要进一步研究脱钩和再挂钩的经济地理。
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引用次数: 0
Post-Brexit: Do board interlocks make banks take similar relocation decisions? 英国脱欧后:董事会连锁是否会促使银行做出类似的搬迁决定?
Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2023-05-04 DOI: 10.1515/zfw-2021-0043
Robert Panitz, Johannes Glückler
Abstract Because Brexit has implied a surge of relocation decisions by financial service firms during a short period of time, we examine the locational decisions of the financial industry in Europe. Adopting a relational perspective we analyze the association between similar relocation decisions of UK-based banks and the connectivity of their decision boards. Based on an analysis of relocation announcements in the media, press releases, and annual reports, as well as of interlocking directorships within the financial sector, our study connects research streams on relocation and internationalization with cross-board memberships and interlocks. Our findings suggest that the higher the competition between two banks and the stronger the connectivity in interlocking board memberships between them, the more likely are these banks to announce different relocation decisions. We interpret these robust findings as a behavior that effectively reduces competition for limited localized resources.
由于英国脱欧意味着金融服务公司在短时间内的搬迁决策激增,我们研究了欧洲金融业的选址决策。采用关系视角,我们分析了英国银行的类似搬迁决策与其决策委员会的连通性之间的关联。基于对媒体、新闻稿和年度报告中的搬迁公告以及金融部门内部连锁董事的分析,我们的研究将关于搬迁和国际化的研究流与跨董事会成员和连锁联系起来。我们的研究结果表明,两家银行之间的竞争越激烈,董事会成员之间的连通性越强,这些银行就越有可能宣布不同的搬迁决定。我们将这些强有力的发现解释为一种有效减少对有限的局部资源的竞争的行为。
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引用次数: 1
Corrigendum zu: Zum Stand der geographischen Handelsforschung: Handelsimmobilien und Handelstätigkeit – Ökonomisch-funktionaler Zusammenhang im Kontext der geographischen Handelsforschung 议程项目:关于地理贸易研究:贸易地产和贸易活动——经济在地理贸易研究的范畴内的关系
Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1515/zfw-2023-2002
K. Klein
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引用次数: 0
Cross-Border knowledge pipelines and innovation performance of chinese firms: evidence from Zhangjiang in Shanghai 跨国知识管道与中国企业创新绩效:来自上海张江的证据
Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1515/zfw-2022-0004
G. Zeng, Yi Zhang, Xianzhong Cao
Abstract It is increasingly emphasized that firms’ innovation depends on external knowledge interaction in the field of economic geography. Global knowledge linkages and interaction plays crucial role in gaining competitive advantage for firms in developing countries because of their immature innovation systems, inspiring a wide academic interest around cross-border knowledge pipelines. However, the existing literature has been silent about the type in which firms employ cross-border knowledge pipelines and neglects the potential importance of firm’s ownership in this process. Using 2015 survey micro-data of 4685 Chinese firms in Zhangjiang National Innovation Demonstration Zone, we investigate how different types of cross-border knowledge pipelines indicated by foreign R&D investment and returnees influence firm’s innovation. The research highlights the positive effects of foreign R&D investment and returnees on firms’ patent innovation, while returnees exerts negative influence on firms’ product innovation. Moreover, there exists a complementary relation between foreign R&D investment and returnees in facilitating firm’s patent innovation. State ownership negatively affects the relationship between foreign R&D investment and firms’ patent innovation.
经济地理学领域越来越强调企业创新依赖于外部知识互动。由于发展中国家的创新体系不成熟,全球知识联系和互动在发展中国家企业获得竞争优势方面起着至关重要的作用,激发了对跨境知识管道的广泛学术兴趣。然而,现有文献对企业采用跨境知识管道的类型保持沉默,并忽视了企业所有权在这一过程中的潜在重要性。本文利用2015年张江国家自主创新示范区4685家中国企业的调查微观数据,考察了外资研发投入和海归所代表的不同类型跨境知识管道对企业创新的影响。研究发现,外资研发投入和海归对企业专利创新具有正向影响,而海归对企业产品创新具有负向影响。此外,国外研发投入与海归在促进企业专利创新方面存在互补关系。国有制对外资研发投入与企业专利创新之间的关系具有负向影响。
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引用次数: 0
Titelseiten 头版
Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1515/zfw-2023-frontmatter1
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引用次数: 0
Trucking (un)limited – the impact of digital platforms on labour in production networks of logistics 卡车运输(不)限制-数字平台对物流生产网络劳动力的影响
Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2023-04-26 DOI: 10.1515/zfw-2021-0032
Veronique Helwing, Philip Verfürth, M. Franz
Abstract For many years, struggles over value capture have been taking place between different actors in the logistics sector, creating ever more pressure for workers in traditional activities of logistics. New actors, in the form of digital business-to-business (B2B) platforms, which are proliferating especially in the freight transport sector, are further challenging the already contested field. Based on the Global Production Networks (GPN) approach, this study addresses the question of how B2B platforms affect labour in production networks of logistics, and what labour agency practices are emerging in the face of advancing platformisation. The study draws on interviews with various actors operating in the road freight transport sector in Germany. The results show that digital B2B platforms, due to their intermediary function, have a direct impact on the inclusion and exclusion of actors involved in production networks of logistics, and induce not only a race to the bottom in terms of labour conditions, but also produce increasingly contingent geographies of logistics. This paper contributes to the literature on platforms by examining previously neglected B2B platforms and shedding light on the different ways that labour in global production networks can be affected by new agents, such as digital platforms.
多年来,在物流领域的不同参与者之间一直在进行价值获取的斗争,这给传统物流活动中的工人带来了越来越大的压力。以数字企业对企业(B2B)平台形式出现的新参与者正在激增,尤其是在货运领域,这进一步挑战了本已竞争激烈的领域。基于全球生产网络(GPN)方法,本研究解决了B2B平台如何影响物流生产网络中的劳动力,以及面对不断推进的平台化,劳动力中介的做法正在出现的问题。该研究对在德国公路货运部门经营的各种行动者进行了采访。结果表明,数字B2B平台由于其中介功能,对物流生产网络中参与者的包容和排斥产生了直接影响,不仅在劳动条件方面引发了一场逐底竞争,而且还产生了越来越多的物流偶然地理。本文通过研究以前被忽视的B2B平台,并阐明全球生产网络中的劳动力可能受到新代理人(如数字平台)影响的不同方式,为平台方面的文献做出了贡献。
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引用次数: 1
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ZFW-Advances in Economic Geography
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