Abstract While outward foreign direct investments (OFDIs) shift resources from a home economy to foreign destinations, increased market and resource access as well as technological and knowledge effects in return have positive impacts on the home region. Such effects may be especially important in emerging contexts, such as that of China. Analyzing data of 285 Chinese city-regions, this paper investigates the impact of OFDIs on home-region income. We show that foreign investment activity positively and significantly impacts income levels in the home region, with differentiated effects depending on the knowledge characteristics of investments and regional absorptive capacity.
{"title":"How outward FDIs affect income: experiences from Chinese city-regions","authors":"Ruilin Yang, H. Bathelt","doi":"10.1515/zfw-2023-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zfw-2023-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract While outward foreign direct investments (OFDIs) shift resources from a home economy to foreign destinations, increased market and resource access as well as technological and knowledge effects in return have positive impacts on the home region. Such effects may be especially important in emerging contexts, such as that of China. Analyzing data of 285 Chinese city-regions, this paper investigates the impact of OFDIs on home-region income. We show that foreign investment activity positively and significantly impacts income levels in the home region, with differentiated effects depending on the knowledge characteristics of investments and regional absorptive capacity.","PeriodicalId":29690,"journal":{"name":"ZFW-Advances in Economic Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85537694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"China – International Linkages: Introduction to the Special Issue","authors":"Ingo Liefner, Yingcheng Li","doi":"10.1515/zfw-2023-0037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zfw-2023-0037","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29690,"journal":{"name":"ZFW-Advances in Economic Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86890302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paper examines the impacts of Brexit as an external shock to European financial centre relations. In particular, it studies the changing nature of Paris-London financial relations post Brexit. Early on in the Brexit process, Paris was not understood as the most likely European centre to benefit from Brexit given its tax regime and high office costs. However, our analysis shows that through policy and corporate network change, it has been one of the major beneficiaries. In making this argument, the paper develops a sympathetic critique of work on global cities that has tended to emphasise corporate networks without fully situating them within their political landscapes. We argue that bringing work in economic geography into closer dialogue with work in international political economy offers one fruitful way of addressing this oversight and, in turn, better understanding how inter-city relations respond to external shocks.
{"title":"Interlocking corporate and policy networks in financial services: Paris-London relations post Brexit","authors":"Sarah Hall, Martin Heneghan","doi":"10.1515/zfw-2021-0044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zfw-2021-0044","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper examines the impacts of Brexit as an external shock to European financial centre relations. In particular, it studies the changing nature of Paris-London financial relations post Brexit. Early on in the Brexit process, Paris was not understood as the most likely European centre to benefit from Brexit given its tax regime and high office costs. However, our analysis shows that through policy and corporate network change, it has been one of the major beneficiaries. In making this argument, the paper develops a sympathetic critique of work on global cities that has tended to emphasise corporate networks without fully situating them within their political landscapes. We argue that bringing work in economic geography into closer dialogue with work in international political economy offers one fruitful way of addressing this oversight and, in turn, better understanding how inter-city relations respond to external shocks.","PeriodicalId":29690,"journal":{"name":"ZFW-Advances in Economic Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86064970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paper considers the question of how Brexit will affect the City of London from a long-term perspective, putting the changes induced by Brexit into the context of the City’s historical evolution over the past century. This perspective permits us to see that the City has continued to thrive because of a series of radical adjustments necessitated by the UK’s loss of its empire and by the emergence of global US financial power. Challenges to the global prominence of the City in Britain’s post-empire period have required two separate ‘reinventions’: the first, in the 1960s, involved localizing the Eurodollar markets; the second, in the 1990s, involved making London the preferred hub for providing sophisticated financial services within the European Union (EU)’s single market. The Great Financial Crisis put in motion several economic and political dynamics that have, however, undercut the City’s special global role. It is unclear whether maintaining the City’s offshore focus via a third reinvention, in a period of prolonged stagnation and increasing inequality in UK regions outside London, will be possible.
{"title":"Viewing the impact of Brexit on Britain’s financial centre through an historical lens: Can there be a third reinvention of the City of London?","authors":"G. Dymski, Maria Gavris, Gissell Huaccha","doi":"10.1515/zfw-2021-0041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zfw-2021-0041","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper considers the question of how Brexit will affect the City of London from a long-term perspective, putting the changes induced by Brexit into the context of the City’s historical evolution over the past century. This perspective permits us to see that the City has continued to thrive because of a series of radical adjustments necessitated by the UK’s loss of its empire and by the emergence of global US financial power. Challenges to the global prominence of the City in Britain’s post-empire period have required two separate ‘reinventions’: the first, in the 1960s, involved localizing the Eurodollar markets; the second, in the 1990s, involved making London the preferred hub for providing sophisticated financial services within the European Union (EU)’s single market. The Great Financial Crisis put in motion several economic and political dynamics that have, however, undercut the City’s special global role. It is unclear whether maintaining the City’s offshore focus via a third reinvention, in a period of prolonged stagnation and increasing inequality in UK regions outside London, will be possible.","PeriodicalId":29690,"journal":{"name":"ZFW-Advances in Economic Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78631745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Amazon is one of the largest e-commerce corporations in the world and has built a reputation for fast, low-cost service. To rapidly and efficiently move goods from production to consumption, however, Amazon relies on a logistics network that entails significant investments in infrastructure (physical and human) and these investments present a challenge for capital accumulation. In this paper, I examine the labour practices that Amazon employs within its distribution work spaces to address this challenge. The analysis is based on a case study of Amazon’s distribution facilities (fulfilment centres and delivery stations) in Montreal, Quebec. It draws on ethnographic research as a community organizer and semi-structured interviews with workers (present and former), trade union representatives and public policy experts to identify Amazon’s key strategies. Building on past studies on the platform economy, I illustrate how Amazon relies on ‘digital Taylorism’ (Staab & Nachtwey, 2016), involving the use of digital technologies to structure and control the labour process and surveil workers, as a key strategy. However, I further illustrate how Amazon seeks to balance the harmful effects of digital Taylorism with what I term ‘corporate keynesianism’ (i.e., social welfare benefits) to attain a ‘labour fix’, i.e., the steady supply of precarious, compliant labour needed to sustain the logistics machine.
{"title":"Amazon’s distribution space: constructing a ‘labour fix’ through digital Taylorism and corporate Keynesianism","authors":"Mostafa Henaway","doi":"10.1515/zfw-2022-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zfw-2022-0017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Amazon is one of the largest e-commerce corporations in the world and has built a reputation for fast, low-cost service. To rapidly and efficiently move goods from production to consumption, however, Amazon relies on a logistics network that entails significant investments in infrastructure (physical and human) and these investments present a challenge for capital accumulation. In this paper, I examine the labour practices that Amazon employs within its distribution work spaces to address this challenge. The analysis is based on a case study of Amazon’s distribution facilities (fulfilment centres and delivery stations) in Montreal, Quebec. It draws on ethnographic research as a community organizer and semi-structured interviews with workers (present and former), trade union representatives and public policy experts to identify Amazon’s key strategies. Building on past studies on the platform economy, I illustrate how Amazon relies on ‘digital Taylorism’ (Staab & Nachtwey, 2016), involving the use of digital technologies to structure and control the labour process and surveil workers, as a key strategy. However, I further illustrate how Amazon seeks to balance the harmful effects of digital Taylorism with what I term ‘corporate keynesianism’ (i.e., social welfare benefits) to attain a ‘labour fix’, i.e., the steady supply of precarious, compliant labour needed to sustain the logistics machine.","PeriodicalId":29690,"journal":{"name":"ZFW-Advances in Economic Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73882997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Firms from different provinces in China and their different reactions to the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) are studied in this research. Initial results from 27.547 outward foreign direct investment (FDI) projects by Chinese firms between 2000 and 2015 regarding the home region profile, host country choice, and FDI motives of the investment firms before and in the early years of the launch of the BRI policy are investigated. The findings show that Chinese firms from eastern provinces that have accumulated a large quantity of inward FDI are more likely than firms from western provinces to switch their investments to BRI-involved countries and engage in a more diverse set of outward FDI motives. These findings help interpret the behavior of Chinese multinationals in the current (de)globalization era, namely using the BRI to circumvent FDI barriers imposed by advanced western economies.
{"title":"Impacts of the Belt and Road Initiative on regional outward FDI from China based on evidence from 2000 to 2015","authors":"Yuanyuan Li","doi":"10.1515/zfw-2022-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zfw-2022-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Firms from different provinces in China and their different reactions to the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) are studied in this research. Initial results from 27.547 outward foreign direct investment (FDI) projects by Chinese firms between 2000 and 2015 regarding the home region profile, host country choice, and FDI motives of the investment firms before and in the early years of the launch of the BRI policy are investigated. The findings show that Chinese firms from eastern provinces that have accumulated a large quantity of inward FDI are more likely than firms from western provinces to switch their investments to BRI-involved countries and engage in a more diverse set of outward FDI motives. These findings help interpret the behavior of Chinese multinationals in the current (de)globalization era, namely using the BRI to circumvent FDI barriers imposed by advanced western economies.","PeriodicalId":29690,"journal":{"name":"ZFW-Advances in Economic Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75456037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paper responds to Bathelt and Li’s (2020) call for selecting more appropriate methods and improving their rigour by evaluating the feasibility of using factorial surveys to anticipate future relocation behaviour. By utilising a case study approach, focussing on Brexit and the UK FinTech industry, the paper examines to what extent business managers’ relocation intentions are driven by factors similar to those known to drive actual relocation behaviour and compares business managers’ relocation intentions with their companies’ actual relocation outcomes. We use a factorial survey conducted in 2018, which allows us to quantitatively analyse the impact of different Brexit scenarios and selected company characteristics on business managers’ likelihood to intend to relocate their UK business unit (or some functions thereof) to the EU and/or the US. Additionally, we collected qualitative secondary data on the actual relocation outcomes of the surveyed companies in February 2022 by investigating online platforms, such as LinkedIn, Companies House, and Crunchbase, as well as company webpages. The results of this mixed-methods approach highlight a significant variation in business managers’ intentions, and the importance of geographical and institutional proximity for relocation intentions and outcomes. We show that business managers’ relocation intentions are driven by factors similar to those known to drive actual relocation behaviour, such as their perception of the economic consequences of different Brexit scenarios, their territorial embeddedness, as well as their nationality. Most importantly, our findings indicate that, although factorial surveys are only moderately accurate when predicting the exact extent and destination of actual relocation, they are highly accurate when predicting whether a company relocates or not.
{"title":"Do they do as they say?","authors":"F. Sohns, D. Wójcik","doi":"10.1515/zfw-2021-0049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zfw-2021-0049","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper responds to Bathelt and Li’s (2020) call for selecting more appropriate methods and improving their rigour by evaluating the feasibility of using factorial surveys to anticipate future relocation behaviour. By utilising a case study approach, focussing on Brexit and the UK FinTech industry, the paper examines to what extent business managers’ relocation intentions are driven by factors similar to those known to drive actual relocation behaviour and compares business managers’ relocation intentions with their companies’ actual relocation outcomes. We use a factorial survey conducted in 2018, which allows us to quantitatively analyse the impact of different Brexit scenarios and selected company characteristics on business managers’ likelihood to intend to relocate their UK business unit (or some functions thereof) to the EU and/or the US. Additionally, we collected qualitative secondary data on the actual relocation outcomes of the surveyed companies in February 2022 by investigating online platforms, such as LinkedIn, Companies House, and Crunchbase, as well as company webpages. The results of this mixed-methods approach highlight a significant variation in business managers’ intentions, and the importance of geographical and institutional proximity for relocation intentions and outcomes. We show that business managers’ relocation intentions are driven by factors similar to those known to drive actual relocation behaviour, such as their perception of the economic consequences of different Brexit scenarios, their territorial embeddedness, as well as their nationality. Most importantly, our findings indicate that, although factorial surveys are only moderately accurate when predicting the exact extent and destination of actual relocation, they are highly accurate when predicting whether a company relocates or not.","PeriodicalId":29690,"journal":{"name":"ZFW-Advances in Economic Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82320117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Fuchs, Peter Dannenberg, Tatiana López, Cathrin Wiedemann, Tim Riedler
Abstract Online retail is currently profoundly restructuring the working conditions in the retail sector. Existing studies generally describe the working conditions in the large warehouses of online retail as ‘digital Taylorism’. This article broadens this perspective and draws on the theoretical concept of the local labour control regime. It explores how managements’ technological and social labour control strategies vary spatially between online retail warehouses located in inner and outer metropolitan areas of the four largest German cities. The study uses qualitative methods and is mainly based on expert interviews with executives, representatives of trade unions and works councils, representatives of associations, and further experts. This study gains insights on the spatial variety of labour control and thus is relevant for international research on labour control and for practitioners’ ability to create decent and humane work.
{"title":"Location-specific labour control strategies in online retail","authors":"M. Fuchs, Peter Dannenberg, Tatiana López, Cathrin Wiedemann, Tim Riedler","doi":"10.1515/zfw-2021-0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zfw-2021-0028","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Online retail is currently profoundly restructuring the working conditions in the retail sector. Existing studies generally describe the working conditions in the large warehouses of online retail as ‘digital Taylorism’. This article broadens this perspective and draws on the theoretical concept of the local labour control regime. It explores how managements’ technological and social labour control strategies vary spatially between online retail warehouses located in inner and outer metropolitan areas of the four largest German cities. The study uses qualitative methods and is mainly based on expert interviews with executives, representatives of trade unions and works councils, representatives of associations, and further experts. This study gains insights on the spatial variety of labour control and thus is relevant for international research on labour control and for practitioners’ ability to create decent and humane work.","PeriodicalId":29690,"journal":{"name":"ZFW-Advances in Economic Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79974037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The Uppsala Internationalization Process Model falls short in its ability to explain how emerging market firms internationalize. In this respect, the model needs to be enhanced through theoretical and empirical contributions. In this study, we aimed to increase the relationality of the model by employing the ethnic networks approach. As a case study for emerging market companies, we focused on the internationalization processes of Turkish food companies, which have been relatively little studied until now. Based on data from qualitative interviews, we found that ethnic networks in Germany play an important role in the initial stages of export activities, in location selection, in gaining market information, and in reaching the mainstream retailers and consumers for Turkish food companies. Adopting the ethnic networks approach enables us to see the roles of previously ignored relationships. Our findings show that, in future research, the role of ethnic networks should not be overlooked in the process of applying the Uppsala Internationalization Process Model on emerging market firms.
{"title":"Ethnic networks in the internationalization of Turkish food producers","authors":"U. Bagci, M. Franz, Nuri Yavan","doi":"10.1515/zfw-2021-0052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zfw-2021-0052","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Uppsala Internationalization Process Model falls short in its ability to explain how emerging market firms internationalize. In this respect, the model needs to be enhanced through theoretical and empirical contributions. In this study, we aimed to increase the relationality of the model by employing the ethnic networks approach. As a case study for emerging market companies, we focused on the internationalization processes of Turkish food companies, which have been relatively little studied until now. Based on data from qualitative interviews, we found that ethnic networks in Germany play an important role in the initial stages of export activities, in location selection, in gaining market information, and in reaching the mainstream retailers and consumers for Turkish food companies. Adopting the ethnic networks approach enables us to see the roles of previously ignored relationships. Our findings show that, in future research, the role of ethnic networks should not be overlooked in the process of applying the Uppsala Internationalization Process Model on emerging market firms.","PeriodicalId":29690,"journal":{"name":"ZFW-Advances in Economic Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85539843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In the increasingly volatile global political order, national economic structures and international relations, integrated as they are, are showing concerning signs of strain. Taiwan, whose world-leading semiconductor industry is indispensable in Global Supply Chains and whose economic prosperity and security are critical to a stable global economic system, has received much research interest since the late 1980s. Against the background of a slowing Taiwanese economy, starting in the 2000s, this paper seeks to investigate the causes of Taiwan’s challenges and the linkages to the global economy vis-à-vis China. Based on previous research from different social science disciplines, this paper shows that Taiwan’s economic performance has been undermined by the declining effectiveness of its industrial policy and the general state intervention in the country, which is in turn caused by deep socio-political divisions on issues of national identity and Taiwan-China relations. The paper reveals the dilemma, which results from this.
{"title":"National identities and cross-strait relations: challenges to Taiwan’s economic development","authors":"Hao Wang","doi":"10.1515/zfw-2022-0036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zfw-2022-0036","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the increasingly volatile global political order, national economic structures and international relations, integrated as they are, are showing concerning signs of strain. Taiwan, whose world-leading semiconductor industry is indispensable in Global Supply Chains and whose economic prosperity and security are critical to a stable global economic system, has received much research interest since the late 1980s. Against the background of a slowing Taiwanese economy, starting in the 2000s, this paper seeks to investigate the causes of Taiwan’s challenges and the linkages to the global economy vis-à-vis China. Based on previous research from different social science disciplines, this paper shows that Taiwan’s economic performance has been undermined by the declining effectiveness of its industrial policy and the general state intervention in the country, which is in turn caused by deep socio-political divisions on issues of national identity and Taiwan-China relations. The paper reveals the dilemma, which results from this.","PeriodicalId":29690,"journal":{"name":"ZFW-Advances in Economic Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80379617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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