Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.33318/jpacs.2018.38(1)-3
J. Mani, F. Mani, S. Subbarao, A. Raturi
The quest for a low carbon footprint (CF) has prompted many institutions around the world, such as universities, among others, to take stock of their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The CF assessment and its reporting are seen as a first step towards sustainability through planning for anthropogenic carbon emissions reduction. Carbon emissions–related activities of The University of the South Pacific (USP) Marine Campus) were investigated and then evaluated for potential reduction opportunities. A CF model for the campus’s CO2e emissions was developed. The results from the model estimated the USP Lower Campus CO2e emissions to be 2665.8 tCO2e. The Lower Campus per capita emissions for 2015 amount to about 1.1 tCO2e per equivalent full-time student (EFTS) and 0.07 tCO2e per square meter. Scope 3 emissions held the largest share of the emissions (96%). The emissions within scope 3 were largely from student and staff commuting. Besides commuting category, the largest contributor to the overall campus emission was electricity consumption and was recognized as an important source category. A 50kWp Photovoltaic (PV) rooftop system is proposed as an emission reduction strategy for the base case. This would make the campus electricity 100% renewable and entail an annual emission reduction of 12.9 tCO2e. Other strategies that support environmental and GHG management within the campus are also proposed in this paper.
{"title":"Carbon Footprinting and Mitigation Strategies for the USP Marine Campus","authors":"J. Mani, F. Mani, S. Subbarao, A. Raturi","doi":"10.33318/jpacs.2018.38(1)-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33318/jpacs.2018.38(1)-3","url":null,"abstract":"The quest for a low carbon footprint (CF) has prompted many institutions around the world, such as universities, among others, to take stock of their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The CF assessment and its reporting are seen as a first step towards sustainability through planning for anthropogenic carbon emissions reduction. Carbon emissions–related activities of The University of the South Pacific (USP) Marine Campus) were investigated and then evaluated for potential reduction opportunities. A CF model for the campus’s CO2e emissions was developed. The results from the model estimated the USP Lower Campus CO2e emissions to be 2665.8 tCO2e. The Lower Campus per capita emissions for 2015 amount to about 1.1 tCO2e per equivalent full-time student (EFTS) and 0.07 tCO2e per square meter. Scope 3 emissions held the largest share of the emissions (96%). The emissions within scope 3 were largely from student and staff commuting. Besides commuting category, the largest contributor to the overall campus emission was electricity consumption and was recognized as an important source category. A 50kWp Photovoltaic (PV) rooftop system is proposed as an emission reduction strategy for the base case. This would make the campus electricity 100% renewable and entail an annual emission reduction of 12.9 tCO2e. Other strategies that support environmental and GHG management within the campus are also proposed in this paper.","PeriodicalId":29702,"journal":{"name":"Locale-The Australian-Pacific Journal of Regional Food Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89182018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.33318/jpacs.2018.38(1)-1
G. Burnett
Educational aid projects delivered into the Pacific region from a rim country such as Australia are commonly informed by a range of competing discourses including: altruism, need, self-interest and accountability. Drawing on one example this article critically reflects on how educational aid might ethically position itself in relation to these discourses as well as respond to criticisms of aid from within some sections of the Pacific education community. Reflections include the importance of: quality relationships; negotiation of epistemological, cultural and other differences; selfdetermination; globalisation; and quality teaching and learning. Possible metaphors to guide educational aid towards its goals are suggested. Reflections cover two dimensions: the administrative aspects of partnering and other relationships contingent on successful educational outcomes; and quality teaching and helping students to arrive at a self-determined approach to teaching congruent with local identity and aspirations. Overall, a framework emerges that may provide guidelines for further educational aid delivery in the Pacific region.
{"title":"Toward a Theoretical Framework for Educational Aid and Teacher Education within the Pacific Region","authors":"G. Burnett","doi":"10.33318/jpacs.2018.38(1)-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33318/jpacs.2018.38(1)-1","url":null,"abstract":"Educational aid projects delivered into the Pacific region from a rim country such as Australia are commonly informed by a range of competing discourses including: altruism, need, self-interest and accountability. Drawing on one example this article critically reflects on how educational aid might ethically position itself in relation to these discourses as well as respond to criticisms of aid from within some sections of the Pacific education community. Reflections include the importance of: quality relationships; negotiation of epistemological, cultural and other differences; selfdetermination; globalisation; and quality teaching and learning. Possible metaphors to guide educational aid towards its goals are suggested. Reflections cover two dimensions: the administrative aspects of partnering and other relationships contingent on successful educational outcomes; and quality teaching and helping students to arrive at a self-determined approach to teaching congruent with local identity and aspirations. Overall, a framework emerges that may provide guidelines for further educational aid delivery in the Pacific region.","PeriodicalId":29702,"journal":{"name":"Locale-The Australian-Pacific Journal of Regional Food Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80803207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.33318/jpacs.2017.37(1)-2
M. Abbott, Chun-Wang Wei
Small island nations face a number of challenges in achieving economic development. The small size of these nations means they lack the economic density required to take advantage of economies of scale and specialization, and the distance from larger markets raises transportation costs and limits their ability to be part of global production networks. In meeting these challenges the telecommunications industry has a vital role to play. Telecommunications reform has meant the introduction of competition into parts of the industry (mobile phone, long distance, and Internet). In this paper, the growth of mobile phone use is observed and analysed. The findings are that growth of the sector has taken place at a varied rate across the various nations studied, and that lower mobile phone prices are associated with more competition and independent regulation.
{"title":"Competition and Regulation of Mobile Phones in Small Island Nations","authors":"M. Abbott, Chun-Wang Wei","doi":"10.33318/jpacs.2017.37(1)-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33318/jpacs.2017.37(1)-2","url":null,"abstract":"Small island nations face a number of challenges in achieving economic development. The small size of these nations means they lack the economic density required to take advantage of economies of scale and specialization, and the distance from larger markets raises transportation costs and limits their ability to be part of global production networks. In meeting these challenges the telecommunications industry has a vital role to play. Telecommunications reform has meant the introduction of competition into parts of the industry (mobile phone, long distance, and Internet). In this paper, the growth of mobile phone use is observed and analysed. The findings are that growth of the sector has taken place at a varied rate across the various nations studied, and that lower mobile phone prices are associated with more competition and independent regulation.","PeriodicalId":29702,"journal":{"name":"Locale-The Australian-Pacific Journal of Regional Food Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80486867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.33318/jpacs.2017.37(1)-3
Martha Geary Nichol, J. Overton
Evaluation is intended as an objective activity to assess and learn from development interventions. In practice it is donor driven to meet donor needs and is predicated on donor conceptions of knowledge, evidence and meaning. Rejecting the notion of objectivity and viewing evaluation as a reflection of Western epistemologies, this paper draws from observations of two evaluation exercises and several interviews in Vanuatu to highlight a significant shortcoming of current practice: the failure to recognise contextual factors of kastom, place and language. It questions the fundamental approaches to evaluation in different cultural settings and concludes with a call to focus on relationships as a first step toward more inclusive evaluation.
{"title":"Objecting to Objectivity: Reflecting on Evaluation in Vanuatu","authors":"Martha Geary Nichol, J. Overton","doi":"10.33318/jpacs.2017.37(1)-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33318/jpacs.2017.37(1)-3","url":null,"abstract":"Evaluation is intended as an objective activity to assess and learn from development interventions. In practice it is donor driven to meet donor needs and is predicated on donor conceptions of knowledge, evidence and meaning. Rejecting the notion of objectivity and viewing evaluation as a reflection of Western epistemologies, this paper draws from observations of two evaluation exercises and several interviews in Vanuatu to highlight a significant shortcoming of current practice: the failure to recognise contextual factors of kastom, place and language. It questions the fundamental approaches to evaluation in different cultural settings and concludes with a call to focus on relationships as a first step toward more inclusive evaluation.","PeriodicalId":29702,"journal":{"name":"Locale-The Australian-Pacific Journal of Regional Food Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86020237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.33318/jpacs.2017.37(1)-1
M. Mohanty
Like any other Small Island Developing State (SIDS), Fiji has limited entrepreneurial opportunities. However, these countries have some unique high value niche products that have attracted global attention. Among the limited niche products in Fiji, kava (Piper methysticum) known as ‘yaqona’ or ‘grog’, is a popular agricultural and industrial product. Kava is not only a traditional, ceremonial and social drink in Fiji, but also a product that contributes to social and economic development through export and foreign exchange earnings and provides employment, and livelihoods, and alleviates poverty. As a beverage and pharmaceutical product, Fiji kava is increasing its importance nationally and internationally. The paper analyzes kava in Fiji as an entrepreneurial and business product, its trends in production, trade, ‘niche market’, growth potential, its role, and also explores the issues and challenges associated with kava in Fiji.
{"title":"Fiji Kava: Production, Trade, Role and Challenges","authors":"M. Mohanty","doi":"10.33318/jpacs.2017.37(1)-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33318/jpacs.2017.37(1)-1","url":null,"abstract":"Like any other Small Island Developing State (SIDS), Fiji has limited entrepreneurial opportunities. However, these countries have some unique high value niche products that have attracted global attention. Among the limited niche products in Fiji, kava (Piper methysticum) known as ‘yaqona’ or ‘grog’, is a popular agricultural and industrial product. Kava is not only a traditional, ceremonial and social drink in Fiji, but also a product that contributes to social and economic development through export and foreign exchange earnings and provides employment, and livelihoods, and alleviates poverty. As a beverage and pharmaceutical product, Fiji kava is increasing its importance nationally and internationally. The paper analyzes kava in Fiji as an entrepreneurial and business product, its trends in production, trade, ‘niche market’, growth potential, its role, and also explores the issues and challenges associated with kava in Fiji.","PeriodicalId":29702,"journal":{"name":"Locale-The Australian-Pacific Journal of Regional Food Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73136427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.33318/jpacs.2016.36(2)-3
Neale J. Slack, Gurmeet Singh
The purpose of this paper is to provide an insight into public sector readiness for change from the perspective of four dimensions, namely, change management, change communication, change resistance, and readiness for change; to determine associations between these four dimensions; and to establish a prediction model for readiness for change. Using a structured survey questionnaire, data was collected from the employees of the Maritime Safety Authority of Fiji (MSAF). These research findings suggest statistically significant positive correlations exist between three change variables, namely, change management, change communication, and readiness for change; whereas, negative correlations exist between change resistance and the other 3 variables. The results also show that change management, change communication, and change resistance added statistically significantly to the prediction of readiness for change. This paper makes its theoretical contribution to the scarce theoretical strands relating to change efforts of public enterprises; and practical contribution towards prediction of readiness for change, policy making, and strategic planning at government levels.
{"title":"An insight into public sector readiness for change - the Fiji Experience","authors":"Neale J. Slack, Gurmeet Singh","doi":"10.33318/jpacs.2016.36(2)-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33318/jpacs.2016.36(2)-3","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to provide an insight into public sector readiness for change from the perspective of four dimensions, namely, change management, change communication, change resistance, and readiness for change; to determine associations between these four dimensions; and to establish a prediction model for readiness for change. Using a structured survey questionnaire, data was collected from the employees of the Maritime Safety Authority of Fiji (MSAF). These research findings suggest statistically significant positive correlations exist between three change variables, namely, change management, change communication, and readiness for change; whereas, negative correlations exist between change resistance and the other 3 variables. The results also show that change management, change communication, and change resistance added statistically significantly to the prediction of readiness for change. This paper makes its theoretical contribution to the scarce theoretical strands relating to change efforts of public enterprises; and practical contribution towards prediction of readiness for change, policy making, and strategic planning at government levels.","PeriodicalId":29702,"journal":{"name":"Locale-The Australian-Pacific Journal of Regional Food Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82801946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-08-01DOI: 10.33318/jpacs.2016.36(2)-2
C. Tisdell
Genetic diversity of traditional food crops is declining in the Pacific Islands. Background information on the evolution of the diversity of these crops is provided, socioeconomic reasons for this loss are outlined, the economic consequences of this loss are analysed, and the economic benefits and costs of conserving crop varieties is examined. The potential economic benefits foregone by failing to conserve a crop variety are shown to depend on the nature of the demand function for the crop’s production. The economics associated with the conservation of crop diversity by in situ and ex situ methods are discussed.
{"title":"Genetic Loss in Food Crops in the Pacific: Socio-Economics Causes and Policy Issues","authors":"C. Tisdell","doi":"10.33318/jpacs.2016.36(2)-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33318/jpacs.2016.36(2)-2","url":null,"abstract":"Genetic diversity of traditional food crops is declining in the Pacific Islands. Background information on the evolution of the diversity of these crops is provided, socioeconomic reasons for this loss are outlined, the economic consequences of this loss are analysed, and the economic benefits and costs of conserving crop varieties is examined. The potential economic benefits foregone by failing to conserve a crop variety are shown to depend on the nature of the demand function for the crop’s production. The economics associated with the conservation of crop diversity by in situ and ex situ methods are discussed.","PeriodicalId":29702,"journal":{"name":"Locale-The Australian-Pacific Journal of Regional Food Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77602086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.33318/jpacs.2016.36(1)-8
R. Nicole
The basic argument advanced in this fine book is that since 2009 and Fiji’s suspension from the Pacific Islands Forum (PIF), there has been a “paradigm shift” in the way that Pacific Island states engage with regional and world politics – a “new Pacific diplomacy”. The contributors represent an impressive range of Pacific leaders, senior diplomats, scholars, civil society leaders and other intellectuals, whose work is brought together by two of the region’s most seasoned diplomacy scholars, Greg Fry and Sandra Tarte.
{"title":"Review of the New Pacific Diplomacy","authors":"R. Nicole","doi":"10.33318/jpacs.2016.36(1)-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33318/jpacs.2016.36(1)-8","url":null,"abstract":"The basic argument advanced in this fine book is that since 2009 and Fiji’s suspension from the Pacific Islands Forum (PIF), there has been a “paradigm shift” in the way that Pacific Island states engage with regional and world politics – a “new Pacific diplomacy”. The contributors represent an impressive range of Pacific leaders, senior diplomats, scholars, civil society leaders and other intellectuals, whose work is brought together by two of the region’s most seasoned diplomacy scholars, Greg Fry and Sandra Tarte.","PeriodicalId":29702,"journal":{"name":"Locale-The Australian-Pacific Journal of Regional Food Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75156816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.33318/jpacs.2016.36(2)-7
M. Ahsan
Stress is an unavoidable aspect of modern life and can have serious effects on one’s health and performance. There is an absence of empirical research and literature regarding stress amongst teachers in Fiji. As such, there is an important need for basic research on teacher stress to be carried out in Fiji. The aim of this study was to investigate stress amongst school teachers.Fifty one teachers from the western division of Fiji were selected for this study. The Teacher Work Stress Inventory of G. J. Boyle et al. was used to measure teacher stress. Data was analysed using the IBM SPSS 21. Percentages, means, standard deviations, and t-test were used to describe the data. On the basis of data analysis, the study revealed that female, married, urban, i-Taukei, and secondary school teachers have more stress than their counter parts. It was also noted that all teachers at some point or the other experience different levels of stress, weather moderate, mild or extreme.
压力是现代生活中不可避免的一个方面，它会对一个人的健康和表现产生严重影响。斐济缺乏关于教师压力的实证研究和文献。因此，斐济非常需要对教师压力进行基础研究。本研究的目的是调查学校教师的压力。本次研究选取了来自斐济西部地区的51名教师。采用G. J. Boyle等人的教师工作压力量表来测量教师压力。数据采用IBM SPSS 21进行分析。采用百分比、均值、标准差和t检验来描述数据。在数据分析的基础上，该研究显示，女性、已婚、城市、i-Taukei和中学教师的压力比他们的同行更大。报告还指出，所有教师都在某种程度上经历了不同程度的压力，无论是中度、轻度还是极端。
{"title":"A comparative study of stress amongst teachers of the western division in Fiji","authors":"M. Ahsan","doi":"10.33318/jpacs.2016.36(2)-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33318/jpacs.2016.36(2)-7","url":null,"abstract":"Stress is an unavoidable aspect of modern life and can have serious effects on one’s health and performance. There is an absence of empirical research and literature regarding stress amongst teachers in Fiji. As such, there is an important need for basic research on teacher stress to be carried out in Fiji. The aim of this study was to investigate stress amongst school teachers.Fifty one teachers from the western division of Fiji were selected for this study. The Teacher Work Stress Inventory of G. J. Boyle et al. was used to measure teacher stress. Data was analysed using the IBM SPSS 21. Percentages, means, standard deviations, and t-test were used to describe the data. On the basis of data analysis, the study revealed that female, married, urban, i-Taukei, and secondary school teachers have more stress than their counter parts. It was also noted that all teachers at some point or the other experience different levels of stress, weather moderate, mild or extreme.","PeriodicalId":29702,"journal":{"name":"Locale-The Australian-Pacific Journal of Regional Food Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79017701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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