Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.33318/jpacs.2016.36(2)-1
H. Chen, B. Prasad, Baljeet Singh
The agriculture sector plays an important role in small Pacific Island economies and has significant impacts on the livelihood of households. However, total agricultural production and productivity in these economies are generally low. This, together with limited sources of factor inputs, calls for improving technical efficiency and technology to enhance agriculture production. Based on the Malmquist index approach, this study computes growth of total factor productivity and its components, namely, pure technical efficiency growth, scale efficiency growth and technological growth for the agriculture sector of 15 Pacific Island countries over 1980-2012. Impacts of these productivity growth measures are further quantified by estimating panel data regression models using the generalized method of moments estimators. There is sufficient statistical evidence that agriculture’s total factor productivity growth and its components, which though are slow in Pacific Island countries, contribute significantly to these small economies’ agricultural growth.
{"title":"Impacts of Total Factor Productivity on Agricultural Growth in Pacific Island Countries","authors":"H. Chen, B. Prasad, Baljeet Singh","doi":"10.33318/jpacs.2016.36(2)-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33318/jpacs.2016.36(2)-1","url":null,"abstract":"The agriculture sector plays an important role in small Pacific Island economies and has significant impacts on the livelihood of households. However, total agricultural production and productivity in these economies are generally low. This, together with limited sources of factor inputs, calls for improving technical efficiency and technology to enhance agriculture production. Based on the Malmquist index approach, this study computes growth of total factor productivity and its components, namely, pure technical efficiency growth, scale efficiency growth and technological growth for the agriculture sector of 15 Pacific Island countries over 1980-2012. Impacts of these productivity growth measures are further quantified by estimating panel data regression models using the generalized method of moments estimators. There is sufficient statistical evidence that agriculture’s total factor productivity growth and its components, which though are slow in Pacific Island countries, contribute significantly to these small economies’ agricultural growth.","PeriodicalId":29702,"journal":{"name":"Locale-The Australian-Pacific Journal of Regional Food Studies","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88039766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.33318/jpacs.2016.36(2)-9
P. Nuttall, John Kaitu’u
Shipping is the lifeline of the Pacific. All current sea-transport options are fossil fuel powered and increasingly unsustainable. Globally, a range of renewable energy technologies is emerging with application in commercial shipping, including wind, solar and bio- fuels/gases. Such technologies have, to date, received little attention in the development of alternative energy solutions for Oceania, despite transport being the largest user of fossil fuels by Pacific Island Countries (PICs) and exploration of appropriate technologies for PIC sea-transport is currently embryonic. Anton Flettner invented and proved the Flettner Rotor that utilises the Magnus effect for propulsion in the 1920s as an effective method of reducing fuel use and increasing ship stability for commercial blue water shipping. The then low cost of fossil fuels and the emerging diesel ship propulsion engineering did not see the idea progress past the initial prototypes. The technology was briefly revisited in the 1980s. In the past decade a number of leading shipping designers and researchers have begun seriously reinvestigating modern application of Flettner technology with impressive results. This technical review documents the literature of this technology to make it available to researchers seeking potential means for reducing Oceanic shipping costs for both transport and fishing at all levels of vessel size.
{"title":"The Magnus Effect and the Flettner Rotor: Potential Application for Future Oceanic Shipping","authors":"P. Nuttall, John Kaitu’u","doi":"10.33318/jpacs.2016.36(2)-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33318/jpacs.2016.36(2)-9","url":null,"abstract":"Shipping is the lifeline of the Pacific. All current sea-transport options are fossil fuel powered and increasingly unsustainable. Globally, a range of renewable energy technologies is emerging with application in commercial shipping, including wind, solar and bio- fuels/gases. Such technologies have, to date, received little attention in the development of alternative energy solutions for Oceania, despite transport being the largest user of fossil fuels by Pacific Island Countries (PICs) and exploration of appropriate technologies for PIC sea-transport is currently embryonic. Anton Flettner invented and proved the Flettner Rotor that utilises the Magnus effect for propulsion in the 1920s as an effective method of reducing fuel use and increasing ship stability for commercial blue water shipping. The then low cost of fossil fuels and the emerging diesel ship propulsion engineering did not see the idea progress past the initial prototypes. The technology was briefly revisited in the 1980s. In the past decade a number of leading shipping designers and researchers have begun seriously reinvestigating modern application of Flettner technology with impressive results. This technical review documents the literature of this technology to make it available to researchers seeking potential means for reducing Oceanic shipping costs for both transport and fishing at all levels of vessel size.","PeriodicalId":29702,"journal":{"name":"Locale-The Australian-Pacific Journal of Regional Food Studies","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81701189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.33318/jpacs.2016.36(2)-6
A. Subramani
In his essays “The Burden of History” (1966), “Interpretation in History” (1972), “The Historical Text as Literary Artefact” (1974), “The Value of Narrativity in the Representation of Reality” (1980) and “Getting Out of History” (1982), Hayden White discusses the main tenets of his theory of historiography, narrativity and, inevitably, the relationship between the history and literature. In the essays, White argues for a common constructivist character of history and fiction, and rejects the Rankean notion of a ‘science of history’. Drawing support from the historiographical and literary theories of Claude Lévi-Strauss, R. G. Collingwood and Northrop Frye, White suggests historians must acknowledge history’s basis in the literary arts and treat the historical text as a literary artefact in order for the discipline to regain the prestige that it enjoyed in the early nineteenth century. The kind of eclectic history that White advocates is found in Klaus Neumann’s Not the Way it Really Was, a text that itself rejects a positivist view of history.
在《历史的负担》(1966)、《历史中的阐释》(1972)、《作为文学人工制品的历史文本》(1974)、《叙事性在现实再现中的价值》(1980)和《走出历史》(1982)中，海登·怀特论述了他的史学理论、叙事性以及不可避免的历史与文学之间的关系的主要原则。在这些文章中，怀特主张历史和小说具有共同的建构主义特征，并拒绝了“历史科学”的Rankean概念。在历史学和文学理论的支持下，Claude l -斯特劳斯，r·g·科林伍德和诺斯罗普·弗莱，怀特建议历史学家必须承认历史在文学艺术中的基础，并将历史文本视为文学的人工制品，以便使这门学科重新获得它在19世纪初所享有的声望。怀特提倡的那种折衷主义历史可以在克劳斯·诺伊曼的《事实并非如此》(Not The Way it Really Was)一书中找到，这本书本身就反对实证主义历史观。
{"title":"Hayden White and the Burden of History","authors":"A. Subramani","doi":"10.33318/jpacs.2016.36(2)-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33318/jpacs.2016.36(2)-6","url":null,"abstract":"In his essays “The Burden of History” (1966), “Interpretation in History” (1972), “The Historical Text as Literary Artefact” (1974), “The Value of Narrativity in the Representation of Reality” (1980) and “Getting Out of History” (1982), Hayden White discusses the main tenets of his theory of historiography, narrativity and, inevitably, the relationship between the history and literature. In the essays, White argues for a common constructivist character of history and fiction, and rejects the Rankean notion of a ‘science of history’. Drawing support from the historiographical and literary theories of Claude Lévi-Strauss, R. G. Collingwood and Northrop Frye, White suggests historians must acknowledge history’s basis in the literary arts and treat the historical text as a literary artefact in order for the discipline to regain the prestige that it enjoyed in the early nineteenth century. The kind of eclectic history that White advocates is found in Klaus Neumann’s Not the Way it Really Was, a text that itself rejects a positivist view of history.","PeriodicalId":29702,"journal":{"name":"Locale-The Australian-Pacific Journal of Regional Food Studies","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83751768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.33318/jpacs.2016.36(1)-4
J. Ash, Jillian Campbell
There is growing consensus that voluntary labour migration can promote economic development in migrant sending and receiving countries and can be a positive adaptive response to the effects of climate change. However, for voluntary migration to be a positive form of adaptation, policy commitment and collaboration between migrant sending and receiving countries will be required. In the Pacific, Australia has capacity to collaborate with Pacific Island governments to facilitate voluntary migration; however, Australia has been reluctant to expand migration access to the Pacific. This article makes the case for promoting migration opportunities between Australia and the Pacific as part of the adaptive strategy efforts.
{"title":"Climate change and migration: the case of the Pacific Islands and Australia","authors":"J. Ash, Jillian Campbell","doi":"10.33318/jpacs.2016.36(1)-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33318/jpacs.2016.36(1)-4","url":null,"abstract":"There is growing consensus that voluntary labour migration can promote economic development in migrant sending and receiving countries and can be a positive adaptive response to the effects of climate change. However, for voluntary migration to be a positive form of adaptation, policy commitment and collaboration between migrant sending and receiving countries will be required. In the Pacific, Australia has capacity to collaborate with Pacific Island governments to facilitate voluntary migration; however, Australia has been reluctant to expand migration access to the Pacific. This article makes the case for promoting migration opportunities between Australia and the Pacific as part of the adaptive strategy efforts.","PeriodicalId":29702,"journal":{"name":"Locale-The Australian-Pacific Journal of Regional Food Studies","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89449365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.33318/jpacs.2020.40(1)-3
Sandeep Narayan, Sharlene Biswas
In the face of globalisation and changing economies property valuation, standards have evolved immensely over the years with the majority of the countries – including small pacific island nations – adopting internationally recognised valuation standards. Smaller nations’ attraction to this change is understandable given it enhances users’ confidence in the reports, especially foreign users who have or are looking to make significant investments in the country. However, the data infrastructure and technical expertise in these countries differ significantly from the larger countries that were involved in the design of these standards. This raises the question of whether the International Valuation Standards can be effectively implemented in smaller, Pacific nations. This paper aims to contribute to this discussion by highlighting three key categories of challenges faced by property valuation firms in Fiji, and then discussing how addressing these issues presents an opportunity for the valuation field to implement the International Valuation Standards more effectively, resulting in better property valuation practices.
{"title":"Opportunities and Challenges of Implementing the International Valuation Standards in Fiji","authors":"Sandeep Narayan, Sharlene Biswas","doi":"10.33318/jpacs.2020.40(1)-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33318/jpacs.2020.40(1)-3","url":null,"abstract":"In the face of globalisation and changing economies property valuation, standards\u0000have evolved immensely over the years with the majority of the countries –\u0000including small pacific island nations – adopting internationally recognised\u0000valuation standards. Smaller nations’ attraction to this change is understandable\u0000given it enhances users’ confidence in the reports, especially foreign users who\u0000have or are looking to make significant investments in the country. However, the\u0000data infrastructure and technical expertise in these countries differ significantly\u0000from the larger countries that were involved in the design of these standards. This\u0000raises the question of whether the International Valuation Standards can be\u0000effectively implemented in smaller, Pacific nations. This paper aims to contribute\u0000to this discussion by highlighting three key categories of challenges faced by\u0000property valuation firms in Fiji, and then discussing how addressing these issues\u0000presents an opportunity for the valuation field to implement the International\u0000Valuation Standards more effectively, resulting in better property valuation\u0000practices.","PeriodicalId":29702,"journal":{"name":"Locale-The Australian-Pacific Journal of Regional Food Studies","volume":"47 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75587518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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