Pub Date : 2020-12-18DOI: 10.51231/2667-9507-2021-001-01-37-42
There are many problems when treatment is needed. Such diseases occur in young and old people. The orthosis and their development have lot of problems. One way to solve this problem is to define and apply standard rules and procedures throughout the development process. We show in this work is to develop a methodology to structure the orthosis design process. A case study was used to validate the proposed methodology. It was applied to the development of an orthosis to treat a camptocormia - bent spine syndrome. This disorder is characterized by the anteroflexion of the trunk and especially affects elderly people and young non-health people with difference disease.
{"title":"Relevance Method to Structure of Orthosis","authors":"","doi":"10.51231/2667-9507-2021-001-01-37-42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51231/2667-9507-2021-001-01-37-42","url":null,"abstract":"There are many problems when treatment is needed. Such diseases occur in young and old people. The orthosis and their development have lot of problems. One way to solve this problem is to define and apply standard rules and procedures throughout the development process. We show in this work is to develop a methodology to structure the orthosis design process. A case study was used to validate the proposed methodology. It was applied to the development of an orthosis to treat a camptocormia - bent spine syndrome. This disorder is characterized by the anteroflexion of the trunk and especially affects elderly people and young non-health people with difference disease.","PeriodicalId":29748,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical and Biomedical Science","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86646217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-18DOI: 10.51231/2667-9507-2021-001-01-53-66
In the description of the analytical clinical data of the patients with COVID-19 from difference country. In article shows detailed description of the rheological situation in patients with neuropathic during COVID-19. This data was compared with results of rheological study in analogical disease group patients without COVID-19. The article describes the effect of various anticoagulants on blood rheology, also describing protocols. In vivo, in vitro experiments, that studied a range of rheological parameters different anticoagulants. Measurement of RBC aggregation, RBC deformities, plasma viscosity were study with innovative technologies, quantitative methods. The work presents a scientific focus, after deep and increase research area is able to transport the newest conclusion to the clinical practice to treatment management of COVID-19.
{"title":"Rheologycal Parameters in Patients with Brain Infarct During COVID-19","authors":"","doi":"10.51231/2667-9507-2021-001-01-53-66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51231/2667-9507-2021-001-01-53-66","url":null,"abstract":"In the description of the analytical clinical data of the patients with COVID-19 from difference country. In article shows detailed description of the rheological situation in patients with neuropathic during COVID-19. This data was compared with results of rheological study in analogical disease group patients without COVID-19. The article describes the effect of various anticoagulants on blood rheology, also describing protocols. In vivo, in vitro experiments, that studied a range of rheological parameters different anticoagulants. Measurement of RBC aggregation, RBC deformities, plasma viscosity were study with innovative technologies, quantitative methods. The work presents a scientific focus, after deep and increase research area is able to transport the newest conclusion to the clinical practice to treatment management of COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":29748,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical and Biomedical Science","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73967793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-18DOI: 10.51231/2667-9507-2021-001-01-67-92
The outlook epidemiological auguring an increase considerable the number of subjects with diabetes and cardiological problem during diabet, and the recent progress regis- tered in the explorations and the treatment of coronary are nesessery for continiun researche. Since long been recognized as a factor of risk vascular age, the diabetes can be regarded as a genuine vascular disease in because of the frequency and in the severity. The share growing, observed and expected, of the population of diabetics, whose prognosis life is dominated by the complications coronary up the diabet among the priorities of health public in France. The specific features of diabetic coronary artery disease, marked by the often insidious nature of its development, place silent myocardial ischemia (IMS) and possible atheromatous involvement of the epicardial coronary artery trunks at the center of the diagnostic and therapeutic approach. The progress, drug and instrumentals, the treatment of the inadequacy coronary lead naturally to reconsider the treatment, and therefore the screening early to IMS in the aim of reducing the morbidity and the mortality heart of patients with diabetes
{"title":"Myocardial Ischemia and Diabet. Approaches and Recomendation","authors":"","doi":"10.51231/2667-9507-2021-001-01-67-92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51231/2667-9507-2021-001-01-67-92","url":null,"abstract":"The outlook epidemiological auguring an increase considerable the number of subjects with diabetes and cardiological problem during diabet, and the recent progress regis- tered in the explorations and the treatment of coronary are nesessery for continiun researche. Since long been recognized as a factor of risk vascular age, the diabetes can be regarded as a genuine vascular disease in because of the frequency and in the severity. The share growing, observed and expected, of the population of diabetics, whose prognosis life is dominated by the complications coronary up the diabet among the priorities of health public in France. The specific features of diabetic coronary artery disease, marked by the often insidious nature of its development, place silent myocardial ischemia (IMS) and possible atheromatous involvement of the epicardial coronary artery trunks at the center of the diagnostic and therapeutic approach. The progress, drug and instrumentals, the treatment of the inadequacy coronary lead naturally to reconsider the treatment, and therefore the screening early to IMS in the aim of reducing the morbidity and the mortality heart of patients with diabetes","PeriodicalId":29748,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical and Biomedical Science","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90265370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-18DOI: 10.51231/2667-9507-2021-001-01-19-29
Тhe article shows the physiological significance of resistive arteries in relation to blood flow. The article describes a new non-invasive method for assessing the functional state of resistive arteries, which indicates the resistance of resistive arteries. Microcirculation coefficient - resistance of resistive arteries is an easy-to-use diagnostic method for assessing circulatory problems. The article shows new normative indicators of the microcirculation index in young healthy men. And also shows the rheological indicators for the same group
{"title":"Investigation of Microcirculatory in Resistive Arteries","authors":"","doi":"10.51231/2667-9507-2021-001-01-19-29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51231/2667-9507-2021-001-01-19-29","url":null,"abstract":"Тhe article shows the physiological significance of resistive arteries in relation to blood flow. The article describes a new non-invasive method for assessing the functional state of resistive arteries, which indicates the resistance of resistive arteries. Microcirculation coefficient - resistance of resistive arteries is an easy-to-use diagnostic method for assessing circulatory problems. The article shows new normative indicators of the microcirculation index in young healthy men. And also shows the rheological indicators for the same group","PeriodicalId":29748,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical and Biomedical Science","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77560245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-18DOI: 10.51231/2667-9507-2021-001-01-43-52
DOI 10.51231/2667-9507-2021-001-01-43-52 In the modern world of pandemics, a special place is occupied by the problems of education in the field of medicine. In developed countries, medical education remains combined. Practical training of students in the laboratories of the university is very important. The article describes a biochemistry laboratory class protocol. This protocol is described in order to create an opportunity for students to apply by doing the theoretical concepts underlying biomolecules and vesicles properties, together with the principles of centrifugation and colorimetric methodologies. The aims, objectives, methodology of teaching/learning, and assessment for this laboratory class are indicated. The proposed protocol for a laboratory class described us creates the opportunity for undergraduate students to perform experiments, to reason, and to discuss some related biochemical concepts, namely protein characterization and properties of specific staining reactions; enzyme quantification by enzymatic reaction; composition and biochemical properties of exovesicles; amphiphilic biomolecules properties; and principles and applications of centrifugation methods. This work was supported by Portuguese Ministry of Science and Higher Education (MCES).
{"title":"Details of Laboratory Work for Medical Students","authors":"","doi":"10.51231/2667-9507-2021-001-01-43-52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51231/2667-9507-2021-001-01-43-52","url":null,"abstract":"DOI 10.51231/2667-9507-2021-001-01-43-52\u0000\u0000In the modern world of pandemics, a special place is occupied by the problems of education in the field of medicine. In developed countries, medical education remains combined. Practical training of students in the laboratories of the university is very important. The article describes a biochemistry laboratory class protocol. \u0000This protocol is described in order to create an opportunity for students to apply by doing the theoretical concepts underlying biomolecules and vesicles properties, together with the principles of centrifugation and colorimetric methodologies. The aims, objectives, methodology of teaching/learning, and assessment for this laboratory class are indicated. The proposed protocol for a laboratory class described us creates the opportunity for undergraduate students to perform experiments, to reason, and to discuss some related biochemical concepts, namely protein characterization and properties of specific staining reactions; enzyme quantification by enzymatic reaction; composition and biochemical properties of exovesicles; amphiphilic biomolecules properties; and principles and applications of centrifugation methods. This work was supported by Portuguese Ministry of Science and Higher Education (MCES).","PeriodicalId":29748,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical and Biomedical Science","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82872859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-18DOI: 10.51231/2667-9507-2021-001-01-12-18
The modern theory and practice of medicine, as well as a number of other edological (helping) disciplines and practices, have been supplemented by a very productive area called “evidence-based medicine”. Its occurrence is associated with a large number of bioethical problems, including the problem of the conflict of interests between a doctor and a patient. A conflict of interest is born as a result of conflicting motives of relationships and interactions between the activities of a medical worker. The contradiction of interests and motives of activity is manifested in the phenomena of professional psychological burnout and professional deformations. The article highlights the main motives contributing to the conflict of interest, as well as ways of preventing and correcting conflicts of interest in connection with the implementation of these motives. Among the main motives, one can name the motives associated with the unresolved personal and interpersonal problems of a specialist: his need for power and control, for confirmation and for belonging
{"title":"Some Aspects of Research on Interpersonal Relationships and Motivations of Healthcare Professionals","authors":"","doi":"10.51231/2667-9507-2021-001-01-12-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51231/2667-9507-2021-001-01-12-18","url":null,"abstract":"The modern theory and practice of medicine, as well as a number of other edological (helping) disciplines and practices, have been supplemented by a very productive area called “evidence-based medicine”. Its occurrence is associated with a large number of bioethical problems, including the problem of the conflict of interests between a doctor and a patient. A conflict of interest is born as a result of conflicting motives of relationships and interactions between the activities of a medical worker. The contradiction of interests and motives of activity is manifested in the phenomena of professional psychological burnout and professional deformations. The article highlights the main motives contributing to the conflict of interest, as well as ways of preventing and correcting conflicts of interest in connection with the implementation of these motives. Among the main motives, one can name the motives associated with the unresolved personal and interpersonal problems of a specialist: his need for power and control, for confirmation and for belonging","PeriodicalId":29748,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical and Biomedical Science","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81113983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-18DOI: 10.51231/2667-9507-2021-001-01-30-36
The article presents data on the prerequisites of different countries on the issue of distance education. In the article the percentage valuation of the distance form of education in relation to the full-time traditional form was shown before the pandemic caused by the new coronovirus and after. In connection with the COVID-19 pandemic, a change in these proportions occurred due to an increase in the partial part of distance learning against the background of a suspended full-time traditional education. In a number of countries, distance learning has become the only one, absorbing all other educational approaches and systems. This provided the education system with special significance and attention from state structures and the government. The relevance of the work is caused by the fundamental nature of the issue of education, as such in general and specifically now, in a pandemic situation. Against the background of WHO recommendations on universal social distance and strict restrictions on mass events, which are an integral part of full-time traditional education, the urgency of the emergency transition from full-time traditional education to distance learning is especially great. The relevance of the issue is increasing due to the uncertainty caused by the expectation of the second wave of coronavirus, which is expected in October and coincides with the beginning of the first semester of the 2020/2021 academic year.
{"title":"From Full-Time Traditional Education to a Distant Form \u0000Due the Pandemic Caused by COVID-19","authors":"","doi":"10.51231/2667-9507-2021-001-01-30-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51231/2667-9507-2021-001-01-30-36","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents data on the prerequisites of different countries on the issue of distance education. In the article the percentage valuation of the distance form of education in relation to the full-time traditional form was shown before the pandemic caused by the new coronovirus and after. In connection with the COVID-19 pandemic, a change in these proportions occurred due to an increase in the partial part of distance learning against the background of a suspended full-time traditional education. In a number of countries, distance learning has become the only one, absorbing all other educational approaches and systems. This provided the education system with special significance and attention from state structures and the government. The relevance of the work is caused by the fundamental nature of the issue of education, as such in general and specifically now, in a pandemic situation. Against the background of WHO recommendations on universal social distance and strict restrictions on mass events, which are an integral part of full-time traditional education, the urgency of the emergency transition from full-time traditional education to distance learning is especially great. The relevance of the issue is increasing due to the uncertainty caused by the expectation of the second wave of coronavirus, which is expected in October and coincides with the beginning of the first semester of the 2020/2021 academic year.","PeriodicalId":29748,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical and Biomedical Science","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81424598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial disease. In addition to the precipitating of two proteins betaamyloid peptide and neurofebrillary tangles, which are the main mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis ofAD, other factors such as inflammatory mechanisms and changes in lysosomal enzymes play an important part in the pathogenesis of this disease. Increased and decreased lysosomal proteases, such as cathepsin, can lead to functional impairment and gradual death of neurons. The aim of this review was to investigate the role of cathepsins in the pathogenesis of AD. To conduct this review, relevant articles published between 2000 and 2016, and indexed in reliable databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus and Web of Science were retrieved. After reviewing the articles, 30 articles that directly addressed the subject of this review were included in final analysis. Cathepsins exacerbate intracellular conditions in neurons, by processing beta-amyloid precursor protein and converting it into amyloid beta. They also play a protective role against AD and fight it by catalyzing the decomposition of beta-amyloids and converting them into the cut out forms of the carboxyl C-terminus. In addition, the 24 kDa fragment resulting from the effect of cathepsin D on apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is the second binding to the receptor in the ApoE. This fragment may also be the cause of the pathogenicity of Apo E in AD. Identifying and explaining the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of AD can play a significant role in the prevention and treatment of this disease. Since cathepsins play a pivotal role in the decomposition of beta-amyloid and reduction of the risk of AD, further studies can be considered an effective approach to study AD.Journal of Medical and Biomedical Sciences (2018) 7(1), 1 - 10
阿尔茨海默病是一种多因素疾病。除了β淀粉样蛋白肽和神经纤维缠结这两种蛋白的沉淀是AD发病的主要机制外，炎症机制和溶酶体酶的变化等其他因素在该疾病的发病中也起着重要作用。溶酶体蛋白酶如组织蛋白酶的增加和减少会导致神经元的功能损伤和逐渐死亡。本综述的目的是研究组织蛋白酶在AD发病机制中的作用。为了进行本综述，检索了2000年至2016年间发表的相关文章，并在PubMed、Google Scholar、Scopus和Web of Science等可靠数据库中进行了索引。在审查了这些文章后，最终分析中包括了30篇直接涉及本次审查主题的文章。组织蛋白酶通过处理β-淀粉样蛋白前体蛋白并将其转化为β淀粉样蛋白，加剧神经元的细胞内状况。它们还对AD发挥保护作用，并通过催化β-淀粉样蛋白的分解并将其转化为羧基C-末端的切割形式来对抗AD。此外，由组织蛋白酶D对载脂蛋白E（ApoE）的作用产生的24kDa片段是与ApoE中的受体的第二次结合。该片段也可能是Apo E在AD中致病的原因。识别和解释AD发病机制对该疾病的预防和治疗具有重要作用。由于组织蛋白酶在β淀粉样蛋白的分解和降低AD风险中发挥着关键作用，因此进一步的研究可以被认为是研究AD的有效方法。《医学与生物医学科学杂志》（2018）7（1），1-10
{"title":"Role of cathepsins in Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review","authors":"S. Rastegar, A. Nouri, R. Masoudi, R. Tavakoli","doi":"10.4314/jmbs.v7i1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jmbs.v7i1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial disease. In addition to the precipitating of two proteins betaamyloid peptide and neurofebrillary tangles, which are the main mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis ofAD, other factors such as inflammatory mechanisms and changes in lysosomal enzymes play an important part in the pathogenesis of this disease. Increased and decreased lysosomal proteases, such as cathepsin, can lead to functional impairment and gradual death of neurons. The aim of this review was to investigate the role of cathepsins in the pathogenesis of AD. To conduct this review, relevant articles published between 2000 and 2016, and indexed in reliable databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus and Web of Science were retrieved. After reviewing the articles, 30 articles that directly addressed the subject of this review were included in final analysis. Cathepsins exacerbate intracellular conditions in neurons, by processing beta-amyloid precursor protein and converting it into amyloid beta. They also play a protective role against AD and fight it by catalyzing the decomposition of beta-amyloids and converting them into the cut out forms of the carboxyl C-terminus. In addition, the 24 kDa fragment resulting from the effect of cathepsin D on apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is the second binding to the receptor in the ApoE. This fragment may also be the cause of the pathogenicity of Apo E in AD. Identifying and explaining the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of AD can play a significant role in the prevention and treatment of this disease. Since cathepsins play a pivotal role in the decomposition of beta-amyloid and reduction of the risk of AD, further studies can be considered an effective approach to study AD.Journal of Medical and Biomedical Sciences (2018) 7(1), 1 - 10","PeriodicalId":29748,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical and Biomedical Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42337144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There have been concerns about the influence of the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) on equity and quality of diabetes care in many healthcare settings. This study aimed to assess the effects of NHIS onequity and quality of diabetes care (DC) in Nigeria. A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out among 110 (insured n=42, uninsured=68) consenting type 2-diabetics. Diabetic outpatients on oral hypoglycemic drugs, with at least 4 clinic visits prior to the time of the study were consecutively selected at two NHIS accredited public hospitals in Southwest, Nigeria. Patients’ perceptions of equity and quality of DC were assessed using a validated 27 items questionnaire. The medical care and pharmaceutical care in diabetes were independently assessed using medical chart review and a direct observation of dispensing pharmacists’ activities respectively. Chi-squared test was used to determine associations between variables. Majority (61.8%) of the study participants were uninsured. Females (50.9%) were more than the males (49.1%), 40.0% had post-secondary qualifications. The mean ages for the insured and uninsured were 52.02±11.6 and 58.97± 9.3years respectively. The insured and the uninsured differ in their perceptions of drug availability (p<0.001). The pharmacists’ counselling time (p<0.001) differs between the groups. The quality of medical care provided to the diabetics was generally low. The NHIS did not influence the quality of DC, though it may have engendered inequity in pharmaceutical care in the facilities.Journal of Medical and Biomedical Sciences (2018) 7(1), 11 - 21
{"title":"The effects of National Health Insurance Scheme on equity and quality of diabetes care in secondary healthcare facilities in SouthWest Nigeria","authors":"S. Saka, O. T. Fajemirokun","doi":"10.4314/jmbs.v7i1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jmbs.v7i1.2","url":null,"abstract":"There have been concerns about the influence of the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) on equity and quality of diabetes care in many healthcare settings. This study aimed to assess the effects of NHIS onequity and quality of diabetes care (DC) in Nigeria. A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out among 110 (insured n=42, uninsured=68) consenting type 2-diabetics. Diabetic outpatients on oral hypoglycemic drugs, with at least 4 clinic visits prior to the time of the study were consecutively selected at two NHIS accredited public hospitals in Southwest, Nigeria. Patients’ perceptions of equity and quality of DC were assessed using a validated 27 items questionnaire. The medical care and pharmaceutical care in diabetes were independently assessed using medical chart review and a direct observation of dispensing pharmacists’ activities respectively. Chi-squared test was used to determine associations between variables. Majority (61.8%) of the study participants were uninsured. Females (50.9%) were more than the males (49.1%), 40.0% had post-secondary qualifications. The mean ages for the insured and uninsured were 52.02±11.6 and 58.97± 9.3years respectively. The insured and the uninsured differ in their perceptions of drug availability (p<0.001). The pharmacists’ counselling time (p<0.001) differs between the groups. The quality of medical care provided to the diabetics was generally low. The NHIS did not influence the quality of DC, though it may have engendered inequity in pharmaceutical care in the facilities.Journal of Medical and Biomedical Sciences (2018) 7(1), 11 - 21","PeriodicalId":29748,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical and Biomedical Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42298567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pneumonia, though very much a preventable disease, still remains a tangible threat to the lives of under-5 children. Caregivers’ knowledge of pneumonia is important in effective management. The study determinedthe reported proportion of childhood pneumonia in Kaduna State and assessed caregivers’ knowledge of pneumonia and uptake of pneumococcal vaccine among under-5 children. The mixed method research approach used 500 caregivers of under-five children in urban and rural communities in Kaduna state. Ethical approval and informed consent of participants was obtained before data collection using a pre-tested semistructured questionnaire and a focus group discussion guide. Chi-square statistical test was used to test for association between variables, while data from the focus group discussion was analyzed using thematic coding process. Most respondents were aware of pneumonia, they had local names for it but majority 340 (68%) had poor knowledge of pneumonia. The overall occurrence of pneumonia as reported by respondents among under-five children was 33 (6.6%). The rate of child pneumococcal vaccine uptake as reported by respondents was 105 (21%), the uptake was significantly more among the urban dwellers (p<0.01). The knowledge of pneumonia and uptake of pneumococcal vaccination was poor. Routine and constant health education of the community members on pneumonia is very necessary to preserve lives of under-5 children in our communities.Journal of Medical and Biomedical Sciences (2018) 7(1), 40 - 48
{"title":"Caregivers’ knowledge of pneumonia and uptake of vaccination in under-five children in Kaduna State, Nigeria","authors":"A. Yahaya, B. Ekpenyong, P. Obegu","doi":"10.4314/jmbs.v7i1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jmbs.v7i1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Pneumonia, though very much a preventable disease, still remains a tangible threat to the lives of under-5 children. Caregivers’ knowledge of pneumonia is important in effective management. The study determinedthe reported proportion of childhood pneumonia in Kaduna State and assessed caregivers’ knowledge of pneumonia and uptake of pneumococcal vaccine among under-5 children. The mixed method research approach used 500 caregivers of under-five children in urban and rural communities in Kaduna state. Ethical approval and informed consent of participants was obtained before data collection using a pre-tested semistructured questionnaire and a focus group discussion guide. Chi-square statistical test was used to test for association between variables, while data from the focus group discussion was analyzed using thematic coding process. Most respondents were aware of pneumonia, they had local names for it but majority 340 (68%) had poor knowledge of pneumonia. The overall occurrence of pneumonia as reported by respondents among under-five children was 33 (6.6%). The rate of child pneumococcal vaccine uptake as reported by respondents was 105 (21%), the uptake was significantly more among the urban dwellers (p<0.01). The knowledge of pneumonia and uptake of pneumococcal vaccination was poor. Routine and constant health education of the community members on pneumonia is very necessary to preserve lives of under-5 children in our communities.Journal of Medical and Biomedical Sciences (2018) 7(1), 40 - 48","PeriodicalId":29748,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical and Biomedical Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45504235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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