Journal of the American Nutrition Association最新文献

Objective: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a prevalent condition with substantial morbidity and mortality, and dietary and nutritional factors often play a key role in its progression. Choline, an essential nutrient, has been linked to various health outcomes, including cardiovascular diseases and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. However, the association between dietary choline intake and CKD remains unclear.

Method: Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning 2005 to 2020, this study aimed to investigate the association between dietary choline intake and CKD among 29,094 participants. Dietary choline intake was assessed through two 24-hour recall interviews, and CKD was defined according to the 2021 Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Clinical Practice Guidelines. To analyze the relationship between choline intake and CKD, weighted binary logistic regression models and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis were applied.

Results: The study found that a higher dietary choline intake was inversely associated with the risk of CKD (odds ratio [OR], 0.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.78-0.93; p < 0.001). Participants in the highest quartile of choline intake had a significantly lower risk of CKD than those in the lowest quartile (OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.72-0.98; p < 0.001). RCS analysis revealed a linear relationship between dietary choline intake and the risk of CKD.

Conclusions: This study provides evidence of an inverse relationship between dietary choline intake and CKD risk, suggesting a potential protective role of choline in the prevention and management of CKD. Further longitudinal and molecular studies are required to confirm this hypothesis.

Objective: Trypanosomatidae covers major pathogens of human host including the deadly Leishmania donovani parasite causing visceral leishmaniasis. This study aims to find the commonly expressed proteins among the different trypanosomatidae parasites having therapeutic efficacies and to elucidate the therapeutic potential of naturally occurring dietary compound Ursolic acid (UA) against the common targets and to understand its immunomodulatory effect in terms of L. donovani infection.

Methods: In- silico methods were applied to identify the non-human, commonly expressed protein with high therapeutic efficacies among the five major pathogen of Trypanosomatidae including L. donovani, L. infantum, L. major, Trypanosoma cruzi, and T. brucei. The affinity between the target proteins and UA was investigated through molecular docking. Immunomodulatory and antileishmanial efficacy of UA was studied using different in vitro and in vivo techniques.

Results: Our study identified 13 commonly expressed proteins with therapeutic efficacies across five different trypanosomatidae parasites. Docking analysis revealed that UA had a substantial binding affinity toward potential therapeutic targets of L. donovani. UA was found to be highly effective in killing promastigotes and amastigotes in infected macrophages in vitro. In L. donovani-infected macrophages, UA efficiently increased NO production, which is accompanied by the elevated expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-12, TNF-α) and the downregulation of IL-10 and TGF-β. During in vivo study in infected BALB/c mice, UA shows enhanced T-cell proliferation and IL-2 expression in splenocytes with subsequent decrease in hepato-splenic parasite burden.

Conclusions: The widespread occurrence of UA in common fruits and herbs used in daily life contributes to its potential dietary intake and associated health benefits. Our study further highlighted the immunomodulatory role of UA, potentially influencing both the innate and adaptive immune responses. Overall, the study identified the significant drug targets among the family of trypanosomatidae parasites and demonstrated UA's possible effectiveness against L. donovani infection.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the effect of probiotic supplementation on multiple dimensions of tuberculosis (TB) care, including clinical, humanistic, and safety outcomes.

Method: This study is a prospective cohort study. Data were collected for TB treatment outcome, hematologic inflammatory indices, anti-tuberculosis treatment (ATT)-induced adverse drug reactions (ADRs), and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) using EuroQol 5-Dimension 5-level questionnaire to evaluate the effect of probiotics supplementation.

Results: In all, 177 patients with drug-sensitive pulmonary TB were enrolled. TB treatment success rates in the study group (SG) and the reference group (RG) were 85.1% and 84.6%, respectively (p = 1.000). Among hematologic inflammatory indices, only the systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) showed a statistically significant reduction after probiotic supplementation (p = 0.048). No significant changes were observed in HRQoL scores at various time points. ATT-induced ADRs were significantly lower in the SG than the RG (14.8% vs 61.3%; p < 0.001).

Conclusion: Probiotic supplementation did not significantly influence TB treatment success or HRQoL outcomes. However, it showed a favorable impact on systemic inflammation and a significant reduction in the incidence of ATT-induced ADRs, especially gastrointestinal side effects. These findings suggest a potential role for probiotics as a supportive adjunct to ameliorate ATT-induced ADRs. Future studies should focus on assessing long-term supplementation effects to investigate humanistic outcomes.

Objective: Low-carbohydrate diets (LCDs) and low-fat diets (LFDs) have shown short-term metabolic improvements. However, the associations of different types of LCDs and LFDs with mortality among individuals with hypertension remain unclear when considering the quality of macronutrients and food sources.

Method: The prospective cohort study included 16,379 adults (≥20 years) with hypertension from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999 to 2016 in the United States. Data with at least one dietary recall were utilized to construct overall, healthy, and unhealthy LCD and LFD scores. Mortality outcomes were linked to National Death Index mortality data until December 31, 2019. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of mortality.

Results: Elevated healthy LCD scores were associated with favorable levels of blood triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and blood pressure, while increased healthy LFD scores were linked to reduced levels of blood insulin, Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and diastolic blood pressure at baseline (all p_trend < 0.05). During 167,213 person-years of follow-up, a total of 5010 deaths occurred. The multivariable-adjusted HRs of all-cause mortality for per 25-percentile increment in dietary scores were 0.91 (95% CI, 0.87-0.95; p_trend < 0.05) for healthy LCD scores, 0.95 (95% CI, 0.91-0.98; p_trend < 0.05) for healthy LFD scores, 0.99 (95% CI, 0.95-1.03; p_trend = 0.71) for unhealthy LCD scores, and 1.06 (95% CI, 1.02-1.10; p_trend < 0.05) for unhealthy LFD scores. Isocalorically replacing 5% energy of low-quality carbohydrate or saturated fat with high-quality carbohydrate, plant protein, or unsaturated fat was associated with a 9% to 45% reduced risk of all-cause mortality.

Conclusions: Among individuals with hypertension, healthy LCDs and LFDs are significantly associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality, whereas unhealthy LFDs scores are notably associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality.

The use of phytochemicals as a dietary therapy for colitis has not yet gained sufficient momentum to be widely adopted as a validated therapeutic approach, primarily due to a lack of robust scientific evidence supporting their efficacy. This review aims to investigate, discuss, and evaluate interventional studies conducted on animal models that utilize phytochemicals as a therapeutic intervention for colitis. By doing so, it seeks to enhance our understanding of their mechanisms of action and contribute to the growing body of scientific knowledge, ultimately aiding in the formulation of evidence-based nutritional guidelines for patients with colitis. An extensive literature search was conducted using databases such as PubMed and Web of Science, with a particular focus on the most recent studies published between 2020 and 2024. The search prioritized in vitro and in vivo studies on animal models that explore the mechanisms through which dietary interventions employing phytochemicals alleviate colitis. The findings reveal that various categories of phytochemicals in general and the sub polyphenols category are effective in mitigating colitis through multiple pathways. Notably, studies investigating combinations of phytochemicals have demonstrated greater therapeutic potential, suggesting possible synergistic effects. However, further research is needed to elucidate the precise mechanisms underlying these synergistic interactions. While the majority of interventional studies have utilized animal models, there is a critical need for human clinical trials to validate these findings. Such studies are essential to support the development of reliable nutritional guidelines and to translate preclinical findings into practical dietary recommendations for patients with colitis.

Background and objective: Omentin-1, a novel adipokine with anti-inflammatory properties, may have a role in the pathophysiology of Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCHT). However, its association with antioxidants, vitamin D, and trace elements imbalances in SCHT remain underexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the association between low circulating Omentin-1 with vitamin D, antioxidants, and trace elements imbalances in women with newly diagnosed subclinical hypothyroidism.

Method: Fifty newly diagnosed subclinical hypothyroid females aged 18-50 years and 40 healthy females matched in age with cases are enrolled in the current study. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and Vitamin D were measured using electrochemiluminescence assay. Serum iron (Fe) is analyzed by a photometric measuring unit. Serum zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), and copper (Cu) were quantified using a colorimetric assay. Serum glutathione-s-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were examined by spectrophotometer. Omentin-1 is analyzed by the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).

Result: Omentin-1 levels are markedly reduced in women with SCHT compared with healthy controls. Moreover, there is a substantial decrease in Serum Zn, Mg, SOD, GST, and vitamin D and a significant increase in Cu/Zn and Cu/Mg ratios among SCHT group. Omentin-1 had a substantial positive correlation with CAT, SOD, and Vitamin D, however a significant negative link was observed between omentin-1 and TSH.

Conclusion: The present study concluded that women with newly diagnosed subclinical hypothyroidism demonstrate significant changes in omentin-1, antioxidant enzymes, trace elements, and their ratios. Furthermore, low circulating omenin-1 in women with newly diagnosed SCHT is correlated with deficiencies in vitamin D, antioxidant enzymes, and trace elements imbalances.

Background: Frailty, falls, and disability are related to aging, which involves a decline in biological function. Proper nutrition can reduce frailty. When consumed in significant quantities, phytochemical compounds carry out a variety of biological tasks. Altermor^®, a nutritional supplement containing hesperidin, diosmin and proanthocyanidins, optimizes blood microcirculation. The purpose of the study is to evaluate improvements in cognitive function, balance, fatigue, and some aspects of quality of life by introducing supplementation with Altemor^® in the elderly.

Methods: This is a randomized, crossover-controlled pilot study. Thirty-six elderly patients were randomized into three groups: G-ALT12, G-ALT21, and G-CON. G-ALT12 patients took 1 stick/day of Altemor^® for 8 wk, did 4 wk of wash-out, and then took 2 sticks/day of Altemor^® for another 8 wk; G-Alt21 patients took 2 sticks/day of Altemor^® for 8 wk, did 4 wk of wash-out, and then took 1 stick/day of Altemor^® for another 8 wk. G-CON patients took any supplements beyond their daily routine. All patients were assessed at baseline, after 8 wk, after 12 wk, and after 20 wk for cognitive and motor performance, mood, fatigue, and quality of life. After 1 week and 13 wk, patients were evaluated for attention only.

Results: Both experimental groups showed statistically significant differences from the control group in cognitive function, particularly attention, and fall risk. No domains showed statistically significant differences between the two experimental groups. No significant differences were found in any domain when comparing the two experimental doses (1 stick/day vs. 2 sticks/day).

Conclusion: In the older adults, dietary supplementation with hesperidin, diosmin and proanthocyanidins showed a positive effect on improving cognitive functions (attention, learning, memory) as well as significantly reducing the risk of falling. In the future, the use of Altermor^® should be studied in moderate cognitive impairment and other cognitive disorders.

Trial registration. NCT06352099.

Caffeine is commonly used as an ergogenic aid and has been shown to acutely improve athletic performance. However, research exploring the effects of chronic caffeine use on performance is limited, especially in Division I (DI) collegiate baseball players. The purpose of this observational study was to explore the patterns of caffeine use among collegiate baseball players during their fall season and analyze how chronic caffeine use affected specific measures of sporting performance. A caffeine-focused food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was completed at the end of the season and indicated caffeine use over the final four weeks of the fall season. Weekly performance data was obtained from baseball staff. Results of the caffeine FFQ indicated that there were 3 "low" and 3 "high" caffeine users among pitchers (n = 6). Pitchers who were "high" caffeine users throughout the season trended toward better performance on average than "low" caffeine users, although it was not significant (p = 0.100). These findings show there is potential for chronic caffeine use to positively impact pitching performance among collegiate baseball players. Further research should explore this relationship in controlled supplemental intervention studies to confirm the current findings and determine the true impact of chronic caffeine use among collegiate baseball players on sporting performance.

Objective: To investigate the regulatory role of serum hepcidin-25 on the iron metabolism, antioxidant defense mechanisms, and trace element concentrations in children aged 2-10 years with early iron deficiency (EID) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA), and to evaluate its interface with iron profile, trace elements such as; zinc (Zn), cupper (Cu) and magnesium (Mg) along with antioxidant markers (catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)).

Methods: This study involved 90 children. Based on hemoglobin levels and iron status, they were categorized into control (n = 30), EID (n = 30), and IDA (n = 30). Blood samples were obtained to assess hematological parameters, iron profile, serum hepcidin-25, trace elements, and antioxidant markers.

Results: Serum hepcidin-25 levels were significantly lower in both IDA (3.73 [1.92-6.30] ng/mL) and EID (7.22 [4.32-9.08] ng/mL) groups compared to controls (10.62 [6.69-17.35] ng/mL) (p < 0.0001). Zn, CAT, and SOD levels were also significantly reduced in both EID (Zn: 55.86 ± 14.89 µg/dL; CAT: 10.55 ± 8.17 kU/L; SOD: 0.84[0.71-0.84] U/mL) and IDA (Zn: 55.33 ± 14.63 µg/dL; CAT: 7.68 ± 5.04 kU/L; SOD: 0.83[0.76-0.87]U/mL) groups compared to the control group (Zn: 92.46 ± 26.41 µg/dL; CAT: 15.78 ± 3.26 kU/L; SOD: 1.05[0 .83- 1.20] U/mL) (p < 0.05). Mg and GST levels were significantly decreased in the IDA group (p < 0.05). Serum hepcidin-25 showed significant positive correlations with serum iron (ρ = 0.45), transferrin saturation (ρ = 0.44), Zn (ρ = 0.32), Mg (ρ = 0.24), SOD (ρ = 0.37), and CAT (ρ = 0.28), p < 0.05.

Conclusion: These results support hepcidin-25 biomarker suppression as an indicator for iron deficits and systemic iron deficiency disturbances that affect trace elements and antioxidant activities.