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Nationwide economic analysis of pulmonary tuberculosis in the Brazilian healthcare system over seven years (2015–2022): a population-based study 七年内(2015-2022 年)巴西医疗保健系统中肺结核的全国经济分析:一项基于人口的研究
IF 7 Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2024.100905
Beatriz Barreto-Duarte , Klauss Villalva-Serra , Vanessa M.S. Campos , Marcelo Cordeiro-Santos , Afrânio L. Kritski , Mariana Araújo-Pereira , Moreno M. Rodrigues , Bruno B. Andrade

Background

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global challenge and disproportionately affecting vulnerable populations. This study analyses the economic burden of pulmonary TB in Brazil, focusing on direct healthcare costs. It also evaluates the cost-effectiveness of the Directly Observed Treatment (DOT) strategy and the economic effort required to achieve a 90% probability of cure.

Methods

A nationwide retrospective study utilized data from the Brazilian Information System for Notifiable Diseases (SINAN) between 2015 and 2022. The cost per pulmonary TB case was estimated, encompassing expenses related to healthcare professionals, medication, laboratory exams, and the duration of treatment reported in SINAN. The population was stratified based on the presence of social vulnerabilities or a history of previous anti-TB treatment. Number Needed to Treat (NNT) analyses assessed the effectiveness of DOT implementation. Additionally, the study calculated the cost needed to achieve a 90% probability of cure through binomial regression models.

Findings

The total direct cost for pulmonary TB in Brazil during the seven years exceeded $1.3 billion, with retreatment cases accounting for $23.5 million. The lowest NNT of DOT were homeless (3.0), people who use drugs (3.72), and retreatment (4.56) subpopulations. These groups also presented the highest cost to achieve a 90% probability of cure.

Interpretation

This study highlights the economic impact of pulmonary TB on the Brazilian healthcare system. It underscores the effectiveness of DOT across various patient groups, regardless of their vulnerabilities or previous anti-TB treatment history. NNT analyses highlighted retreatment, homeless, and people who use drugs subpopulations as the most effective for DOT implementation.

Funding

Intramural Research Program-Oswaldo Cruz Foundation.
背景肺结核(TB)仍然是一项全球性挑战,对弱势群体的影响尤为严重。本研究分析了巴西肺结核的经济负担,重点关注直接医疗成本。该研究还评估了直接观察治疗(DOT)策略的成本效益,以及实现 90% 治愈概率所需的经济努力。方法 一项全国范围的回顾性研究利用了巴西应报疾病信息系统 (SINAN) 在 2015 年至 2022 年期间的数据。对每个肺结核病例的成本进行了估算,包括与医护人员、药物、实验室检查以及 SINAN 报告的治疗时间相关的费用。根据是否存在社会脆弱性或既往抗结核治疗史对人群进行了分层。治疗需要量(NNT)分析评估了 DOT 的实施效果。此外,该研究还通过二项回归模型计算了实现 90% 治愈概率所需的成本。研究结果在这七年中,巴西肺结核的直接成本总额超过 13 亿美元,其中再治疗病例的成本为 2350 万美元。无家可归者(3.0)、吸毒者(3.72)和再治疗病例(4.56)是 DOT NNT 最低的亚人群。这项研究强调了肺结核对巴西医疗系统的经济影响。它强调了短期直接治疗在不同患者群体中的有效性,无论他们的易感性或既往抗结核治疗史如何。NNT分析强调了再治疗、无家可归者和吸毒者亚群对实施DOT最有效。
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引用次数: 0
A self-help mobile messaging intervention to improve subthreshold depressive symptoms among older adults in a socioeconomically deprived region of Brazil (PRODIGITAL): a pragmatic, two-arm randomised controlled trial 旨在改善巴西社会经济贫困地区老年人阈值以下抑郁症状的自助式移动信息干预(PRODIGITAL):一项务实的双臂随机对照试验
IF 7 Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2024.100897
Carina Akemi Nakamura , Nadine Seward , Tim J. Peters , Thiago Vinicius Nadaleto Didone , Felipe Azevedo Moretti , Marcelo Oliveira da Costa , Caio Hudson Queiroz de Souza , Gabriel Macias de Oliveira , Monica Souza dos Santos , Luara Aragoni Pereira , Mariana Mendes de Sá Martins , Pepijn van de Ven , William Hollingworth , Ricardo Araya , Marcia Scazufca

Background

Subthreshold depression is a risk factor for major depression and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, especially in older adults. There is emerging evidence that digital interventions, including self-help interventions, may reduce depressive symptoms. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a mobile messaging intervention at reducing subthreshold depressive symptoms among older adults in Brazil.

Methods

PRODIGITAL was a single blind, two-arm, individually randomised controlled trial conducted in 46 primary care clinics in the city of Guarulhos, Brazil. Individuals aged 60+ years were contacted by phone following a randomly ordered list for a screening assessment. Those who presented with anhedonia and/or depressed mood (Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-2≥1), and who subsequently scored between 5 and 9 on the PHQ-9 were invited to participate. The intervention arm received the ‘Viva Vida’ digital self-help intervention consisting of automated multi-media messages sent via WhatsApp. Forty-eight audio and visual messages based on psychoeducation and behavioural activation were automatically delivered over six weeks. The control arm received a single message containing information about depression. The primary outcome was the difference in mean PHQ-9 scores between treatment arms at the three-month follow-up. All primary analyses were performed according to allocated arm with imputed data. The trial is registered with ReBEC, RBR-6c7ghfd.

Findings

Participants were recruited between 8 September 2021 and 19 August 2022. Of the 454 participants enrolled, 223 were randomised to the intervention arm, 231 to the control arm. Participants’ mean age was 65.3 years (SD 5.0) and 64.0% (n = 292) were female. A total of 385 (84.8%) completed the three-month follow-up assessment; no difference in mean PHQ-9 scores between the treatment arms was observed (adjusted difference: −0.61; 95% CI: −1.75, 0.53; p = 0.29).

Interpretation

These results demonstrate that the Viva Vida digital self-help intervention did not help to improve subthreshold depressive symptoms amongst older adults. Further research is needed to understand why this self-help intervention was not effective in this population, and to explore how it might be adapted to achieve this goal.

Funding

São Paulo Research Foundation and UK Joint Global Health Trials.
背景阈值以下抑郁症是重度抑郁症的一个风险因素,与发病率和死亡率的增加有关,尤其是在老年人中。有新的证据表明,数字干预(包括自助干预)可以减轻抑郁症状。我们的目的是评估手机短信干预在减少巴西老年人阈值以下抑郁症状方面的效果。方法PRODIGITAL 是一项单盲、双臂、单独随机对照试验,在巴西瓜鲁柳斯市的 46 家初级保健诊所进行。根据随机排序的名单,60 岁以上的老年人通过电话接受了筛查评估。那些出现失乐症和/或情绪低落(患者健康问卷(PHQ)-2≥1),且随后在 PHQ-9 中得分介于 5 和 9 之间的人被邀请参加。干预组接受 "Viva Vida "数字自助干预,包括通过 WhatsApp 自动发送的多媒体信息。在为期六周的时间里,干预组自动发送了 48 条基于心理教育和行为激活的视听信息。对照组只收到一条包含抑郁症相关信息的信息。主要结果是治疗组之间在三个月随访时 PHQ-9 平均得分的差异。所有主要分析均根据分配给治疗组的数据进行。该试验已在ReBEC注册,编号为RBR-6c7ghfd.研究结果参与者招募时间为2021年9月8日至2022年8月19日。在454名参与者中,223人被随机分配到干预组,231人被随机分配到对照组。参与者的平均年龄为 65.3 岁(标准差 5.0),64.0%(n = 292)为女性。共有 385 人(84.8%)完成了为期三个月的随访评估;治疗组之间的 PHQ-9 平均得分无差异(调整后差异:-0.61;95% CI:-1.75,0.53;P = 0.29)。我们需要进一步研究,以了解这种自助干预对这一人群无效的原因,并探索如何调整这种干预以实现这一目标。
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引用次数: 0
Spatiotemporal patterns and surveillance artifacts in maternal mortality in the United States: a population-based study 美国孕产妇死亡率的时空模式和监测误差:一项基于人口的研究
IF 7 Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2024.100902
K.S. Joseph , Sarka Lisonkova , Amélie Boutin , Giulia M. Muraca , Neda Razaz , Sid John , Yasser Sabr , Sophie Simon , Johanna Kögl , Elizabeth A. Suarez , Wee-Shian Chan , Azar Mehrabadi , Justin S. Brandt , Enrique F. Schisterman , Cande V. Ananth

Background

Reports of high and rising maternal mortality ratios (MMR) in the United States have caused serious concern. We examined spatiotemporal patterns in cause-specific MMRs, in order to obtain insights into the cause for the increase.

Methods

The study included all maternal deaths recorded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from 1999 to 2021. Changes in overall and cause-specific MMRs were quantified nationally; in low-vs high-MMR states (i.e., MMRs <20 vs ≥26 per 100,000 live births in 2018–2021); and in California vs Texas (populous states with low vs high MMRs). Cause-specific MMRs included those due to unambiguous causes (e.g., selected obstetric causes such as pre-eclampsia/eclampsia) and less-specific/potentially incidental causes (e.g., “other specified pregnancy-related conditions”, chronic hypertension, and malignant neoplasms).

Findings

MMRs increased from 9.60 (n = 1543) in 1999–2002 to 23.5 (n = 3478) per 100,000 live births in 2018–2021. The temporal increase in MMRs was smaller in low-MMR states (from 7.82 to 14.1 per 100,000 live births) compared with high-MMR states (from 11.1 to 31.4 per 100,000 live births). MMRs due to selected obstetric causes decreased to a similar extent in low-vs high-MMR states, whereas the increase in MMRs from less-specific/potentially incidental causes was smaller in low- vs high-MMR states (MMR ratio (RR) 5.57, 95% CI 4.28, 7.25 vs 7.07, 95% CI 5.91, 8.46), and in California vs Texas (RR 1.67, 95% CI 1.03, 2.69 vs 10.8, 95% CI 6.55, 17.7). The change in malignant neoplasm-associated MMRs was smaller in California vs Texas (RR 1.21, 95% CI 0.08, 19.3 vs 91.2, 95% CI 89.2, 94.8). MMRs from less-specific/potentially incidental causes increased in all race/ethnicity groups.

Interpretation

Spatiotemporal patterns of cause-specific MMRs, including similar reductions in unambiguous obstetric causes of death and variable increases in less-specific/potentially incidental causes, suggest misclassified maternal deaths and overestimated maternal mortality in some US states.

Funding

This work received no funding.
背景据报道,美国孕产妇死亡率(MMR)居高不下且不断上升,引起了人们的严重关注。我们研究了特定病因的孕产妇死亡率的时空模式,以深入了解孕产妇死亡率上升的原因。方法该研究包括美国疾病控制和预防中心从 1999 年到 2021 年记录的所有孕产妇死亡案例。对全国、低MMR州与高MMR州(即2018-2021年每10万活产的MMR<20 vs ≥26)以及加利福尼亚州与德克萨斯州(低MMR州与高MMR州)的总体和特定原因MMR的变化进行了量化。病因特异性MMR包括由明确病因(如选定的产科病因,如先兆子痫/子痫)和不太特异性/可能偶然的病因(如 "其他特定的妊娠相关疾病"、慢性高血压和恶性肿瘤)引起的MMR.研究结果MMR从1999-2002年的每10万活产9.60例(n=1543)增加到2018-2021年的23.5例(n=3478)。与高MMR州(从每10万活产11.1例增至31.4例)相比,低MMR州(从每10万活产7.82例增至14.1例)MMR的时间增幅较小。在低MMR州与高MMR州中,选定的产科原因导致的MMR下降幅度相似,而在低MMR州与高MMR州中,非特异性/潜在偶然原因导致的MMR增加幅度较小(MMR比值(RR)为5.57,95% CI为4.28,7.25 vs 7.07,95% CI为5.91,8.46),在加利福尼亚州与得克萨斯州中也是如此(RR为1.67,95% CI为1.03,2.69 vs 10.8,95% CI为6.55,17.7)。加利福尼亚州与得克萨斯州相比,恶性肿瘤相关 MMR 的变化较小(RR 1.21,95% CI 0.08,19.3 vs 91.2,95% CI 89.2,94.8)。在所有种族/民族群体中,非特异性/潜在偶发原因导致的孕产妇死亡率均有所上升。释义特异性原因导致的孕产妇死亡率的时空模式,包括非明确产科死因的类似减少和非特异性/潜在偶发原因的不同增加,表明美国一些州对孕产妇死亡进行了错误分类,并高估了孕产妇死亡率。
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引用次数: 0
Transition towards cancer mortality predominance over cardiovascular disease mortality in Brazil, 2000–2019: a population-based study 2000-2019 年巴西癌症死亡率超过心血管疾病死亡率的转变:基于人口的研究
IF 7 Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2024.100904
Beatriz Rache , Rudi Rocha , Luciana Alves de Medeiros , Letícia Martins Okada , Gerson Ferrari , Hongmei Zeng , Alessandro Bigoni , Maria Paula Curado , Catarina M. Azeredo , Leandro F.M. Rezende

Background

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer are the first and second leading causes of death in Brazil and worldwide. However, an ongoing epidemiological transition in which cancer surpasses CVD has been observed in many high and middle-income countries. In this study, we provided a nationwide analysis of the transition towards cancer mortality predominance over CVD mortality in Brazil.

Methods

We leveraged data from 5570 municipalities using the Mortality Information System and classified the causes of death using ICD-10 codes. Age-standardized CVD and cancer mortality rates were calculated annually between 2000 and 2019. Mortality rate ratios (MRRs = CVD rates divided by cancer rates) described the predominance of cancer or CVD mortality across municipalities and states. Choropleth maps displayed state-specific MRRs and the transition in the predominant cause of death over time.

Findings

From 2000 to 2019, CVD mortality rates declined in 25 out of 27 states, whereas cancer mortality increased in 15 states, indicating a shift towards cancer predominance. While in 2000 cancer mortality was lower than CVD in all states and only exceeded the latter in 7% of the municipalities, by 2019 the gap narrowed considerably, with 13% of municipalities displaying higher cancer mortality rates vs CVD mortality rates. Additionally, higher household income correlated with higher mortality from cancer vs CVD.

Interpretation

An ongoing epidemiological transition in which cancer mortality surpasses CVD mortality is occurring in Brazil, particularly in municipalities with higher household incomes. Our findings may provide important information for policymakers and public health practitioners in Brazil.

Funding

National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq).
背景心血管疾病(CVD)和癌症是巴西乃至全球的第一和第二大死因。然而,在许多中高收入国家,癌症超过心血管疾病的流行病学转型正在进行中。在这项研究中,我们在全国范围内分析了巴西癌症死亡率超过心血管疾病死亡率的过渡情况。方法我们利用死亡率信息系统从 5570 个城市获得的数据,并使用 ICD-10 编码对死因进行分类。我们计算了 2000 年至 2019 年期间每年的年龄标准化心血管疾病和癌症死亡率。死亡率比(MRRs = 心血管疾病死亡率除以癌症死亡率)描述了癌症或心血管疾病死亡率在各市和各州的主导地位。研究结果从 2000 年到 2019 年,27 个州中有 25 个州的心血管疾病死亡率有所下降,而 15 个州的癌症死亡率有所上升,这表明癌症已成为主要死因。2000 年,各州的癌症死亡率均低于心血管疾病死亡率,仅有 7% 的城市癌症死亡率高于心血管疾病死亡率,而到 2019 年,这一差距大幅缩小,13% 的城市癌症死亡率高于心血管疾病死亡率。此外,家庭收入越高,癌症死亡率与心血管疾病死亡率之间的相关性也越高。解释:在巴西,癌症死亡率超过心血管疾病死亡率的流行病学转变正在发生,尤其是在家庭收入较高的城市。我们的研究结果可为巴西的政策制定者和公共卫生从业人员提供重要信息。
{"title":"Transition towards cancer mortality predominance over cardiovascular disease mortality in Brazil, 2000–2019: a population-based study","authors":"Beatriz Rache ,&nbsp;Rudi Rocha ,&nbsp;Luciana Alves de Medeiros ,&nbsp;Letícia Martins Okada ,&nbsp;Gerson Ferrari ,&nbsp;Hongmei Zeng ,&nbsp;Alessandro Bigoni ,&nbsp;Maria Paula Curado ,&nbsp;Catarina M. Azeredo ,&nbsp;Leandro F.M. Rezende","doi":"10.1016/j.lana.2024.100904","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lana.2024.100904","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer are the first and second leading causes of death in Brazil and worldwide. However, an ongoing epidemiological transition in which cancer surpasses CVD has been observed in many high and middle-income countries. In this study, we provided a nationwide analysis of the transition towards cancer mortality predominance over CVD mortality in Brazil.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We leveraged data from 5570 municipalities using the Mortality Information System and classified the causes of death using ICD-10 codes. Age-standardized CVD and cancer mortality rates were calculated annually between 2000 and 2019. Mortality rate ratios (MRRs = CVD rates divided by cancer rates) described the predominance of cancer or CVD mortality across municipalities and states. Choropleth maps displayed state-specific MRRs and the transition in the predominant cause of death over time.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>From 2000 to 2019, CVD mortality rates declined in 25 out of 27 states, whereas cancer mortality increased in 15 states, indicating a shift towards cancer predominance. While in 2000 cancer mortality was lower than CVD in all states and only exceeded the latter in 7% of the municipalities, by 2019 the gap narrowed considerably, with 13% of municipalities displaying higher cancer mortality rates vs CVD mortality rates. Additionally, higher household income correlated with higher mortality from cancer vs CVD.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>An ongoing epidemiological transition in which cancer mortality surpasses CVD mortality is occurring in Brazil, particularly in municipalities with higher household incomes. Our findings may provide important information for policymakers and public health practitioners in Brazil.</div></div><div><h3>Funding</h3><div><span>National Council for Scientific and Technological Development</span> (CNPq).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29783,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Regional Health-Americas","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100904"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142428559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Brazil has a problem: therapeutic itinerary, research and data about eating disorders 巴西有问题:有关饮食失调症的治疗行程、研究和数据
IF 7 Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2024.100903
Jônatas de Oliveira , Thais di Stasi Marques dos Santos , João Luiz Coelho Ferro , Ms Isis de Carvalho Stelmo
{"title":"Brazil has a problem: therapeutic itinerary, research and data about eating disorders","authors":"Jônatas de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Thais di Stasi Marques dos Santos ,&nbsp;João Luiz Coelho Ferro ,&nbsp;Ms Isis de Carvalho Stelmo","doi":"10.1016/j.lana.2024.100903","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lana.2024.100903","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29783,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Regional Health-Americas","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100903"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142428557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pamela Serón: bridging evidence-based rehabilitation and community-driven research 帕梅拉-塞隆:在循证康复和社区驱动研究之间架起桥梁
IF 7 Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2024.100907
Taissa Vila
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引用次数: 0
Identifying when racial and ethnic disparities arise along the continuum of transplant care: a national registry study 确定移植护理过程中何时出现种族和民族差异:一项全国登记研究
IF 7 Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2024.100895
Maya N. Clark-Cutaia , Gayathri Menon , Yiting Li , Garyn T. Metoyer , Mary Grace Bowring , Byoungjun Kim , Babak J. Orandi , Stephen P. Wall , Melissa D. Hladek , Tanjala S. Purnell , Dorry L. Segev , Mara A. McAdams-DeMarco

Background

Fewer minoritized patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) receive kidney transplantation (KT); efforts to mitigate disparities have thus far failed. Pinpointing the specific stage(s) within the transplant care continuum (being informed of KT options, joining the waiting list, to receiving KT) where disparities emerge among each minoritized population is pivotal for achieving equity. We therefore quantified racial and ethnic disparities across the KT care continuum.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study (2015–2020), with follow-up through 12/10/2021. Patients with incident dialysis were identified using the US national registry data. The exposure was race and ethnicity (Asian, Black, Hispanic, and White). We used adjusted modified Poisson regression to quantify the adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) of being informed of KT, and cause-specific hazards models to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) of listing, and transplantation after listing.

Findings

Among 637,951 adults initiating dialysis, the mean age (SD) was 63.8 (14.6), 41.8% were female, 5.4% were Asian, 26.3% were Black, 16.6% were Hispanic, and 51.7% were White (median follow-up in years [IQR]:1.92 [0.97–3.39]). Black and Hispanic patients were modestly more likely to be informed of KT (Black: aPR = 1.02, 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.01–1.02; Hispanic: aPR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.02–1.03) relative to White patients. Asian patients were more likely to be listed (aHR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.15–1.21) but less likely to receive KT (aHR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.54–0.58). Both Black and Hispanic patients were less likely to be listed (Black: aHR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.85–0.88; Hispanic: aHR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.85–0.88) and receive KT (Black: aHR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.60–0.63; Hispanic: aHR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.63–0.66).

Interpretation

Improved characterization of the barriers in KT access specific to each racial and ethnic group, and the interventions to address these distinct challenges throughout the KT care continuum are needed; our findings identify specific stages most in need of mitigation.

Funding

National Institutes of Health.
背景少数群体终末期肾病(ESKD)患者接受肾移植(KT)的人数较少;迄今为止,为缩小差距所做的努力均以失败告终。要实现公平,关键在于准确定位移植护理连续体(获知肾移植选择、加入候选名单到接受肾移植)中各少数群体出现差异的具体阶段。因此,我们对整个 KT 治疗过程中的种族和民族差异进行了量化。方法我们进行了一项回顾性队列研究(2015-2020 年),随访至 2021 年 10 月 12 日。通过美国国家登记数据确定了发生透析的患者。种族和民族(亚裔、黑人、西班牙裔和白人)是暴露的因素。我们使用调整后的修正泊松回归来量化获知 KT 的调整患病率比 (aPR),并使用特定病因危险模型来计算列名和列名后移植的调整危险比 (aHR)。研究结果在 637,951 名开始透析的成人中,平均年龄(SD)为 63.8 (14.6),女性占 41.8%,亚裔占 5.4%,黑人占 26.3%,西班牙裔占 16.6%,白人占 51.7%(中位随访年数 [IQR]:1.92 [0.97-3.39])。相对于白人患者,黑人和西班牙裔患者被告知 KT 的可能性略高(黑人:aPR = 1.02,95% 置信区间 [CI]:1.01-1.02;西班牙裔:aPR = 1.03,95% 置信区间 [CI]:1.02-1.03)。亚裔患者更有可能被列名(aHR = 1.18,95% CI:1.15-1.21),但接受 KT 的可能性较低(aHR = 0.56,95% CI:0.54-0.58)。黑人和西班牙裔患者被列入名单(黑人:aHR = 0.87,95% CI:0.85-0.88;西班牙裔:aHR = 0.85,95% CI:0.85-0.88)和接受 KT 的可能性都较低(黑人:aHR = 0.61,95% CI:0.60-0.63;西班牙裔:aHR = 0.64,95% CI:0.63-0.66)。解释需要进一步确定每个种族和族裔群体在接受 KT 方面所面临的障碍,以及在整个 KT 治疗过程中应对这些不同挑战的干预措施;我们的研究结果确定了最需要缓解的特定阶段。
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引用次数: 0
Facilitators of and barriers to buprenorphine initiation in the emergency department: a scoping review 急诊科开始使用丁丙诺啡的促进因素和障碍:范围界定审查
IF 7 Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2024.100899
Nikki Bozinoff , Erin Grennell , Charlene Soobiah , Zahraa Farhan , Terri Rodak , Christine Bucago , Katie Kingston , Michelle Klaiman , Brittany Poynter , Dominick Shelton , Elizabeth Schoenfeld , Csilla Kalocsai
Buprenorphine initiation in the Emergency Department (ED) has been hailed as an evidence-based strategy to mitigate the opioid overdose crisis, but its implementation has been limited. This scoping review synthesizes barriers and facilitators to buprenorphine initiation in the ED, and uses the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research and a critical lens to analyze the literature. Results demonstrate an immense effort across the U.S. and Canada to implement ED-initiated buprenorphine. Facilitators include multidisciplinary addiction teams and co-located, low-barrier, harm reduction-informed services to support transitions. Barriers include a failure to address structural stigma, client complexity, and an increasingly toxic drug supply. The literature also misses the opportunity to include the perspectives of service users, health administrators, and learners. Increased coordination of implementation efforts, and a shift to equitable and inclusive opioid agonist therapy initiation pathways are needed across the U.S. and Canada.
在急诊科(ED)启动丁丙诺啡治疗被誉为缓解阿片类药物过量危机的循证策略,但其实施却十分有限。这篇范围综述综述了在急诊科启动丁丙诺啡的障碍和促进因素,并使用实施研究综合框架和批判性视角对文献进行了分析。研究结果表明,美国和加拿大在实施急诊室启动丁丙诺啡方面做出了巨大努力。促进因素包括多学科戒毒团队和同地、低障碍、减低伤害的服务,以支持过渡。障碍包括未能解决结构性污名化、客户复杂性以及日益有毒的药物供应。文献中也没有纳入服务使用者、健康管理者和学习者的观点。美国和加拿大需要加强对实施工作的协调,并转向公平、包容的阿片类激动剂治疗启动途径。
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引用次数: 0
Ending violence against Indigenous peoples in Canada: a healthcare responsibility 消除加拿大土著人民遭受的暴力:医疗保健的责任
IF 7 Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2024.100893
Jessica Kolopenuk
By foregrounding the embodiment of colonial dispossession–how the body feels colonialism–this article theorises violence against Indigenous peoples in Canada, positioning it firmly within the purview of healthcare. The article critically questions the discourse of reconciliation currently shaping Indigenisation policies and Indigenous health research in the country’s public institutions. It contends that a narrow application of “closing the Indigenous health gap,” described more robustly by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, falls short of addressing the root problem: “ending colonial violence.” Aligning with critical Indigenous studies scholarship, I redirect representations of Indigenous health away from the presumption of deficit. I argue that health care in Canada is responsible for recognising and confronting colonial violence as a matter of public health. As a starting point, this responsibility involves implementing the relevant Calls for Justice outlined in Reclaiming Power and Place: The Final Report of the National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls.
通过强调殖民剥夺的体现--身体如何感受殖民主义--这篇文章从理论上论述了加拿大土著居民遭受的暴力,并将其牢牢地定位在医疗保健的范畴内。文章对目前影响加拿大公共机构土著化政策和土著健康研究的和解话语提出了批判性质疑。文章认为,狭隘地应用加拿大真相与和解委员会(Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada)所描述的 "缩小土著人健康差距",并不能解决根本问题:"结束殖民暴力"。根据批判性土著研究的学术观点,我将土著健康的表述从赤字假定中重新定位。我认为,加拿大的医疗保健机构有责任承认并正视殖民暴力,将其视为公共卫生问题。作为起点,这一责任包括落实《重获权力与地位》中概述的相关正义呼吁:失踪和遇害土著妇女和女童全国调查最终报告》中概述的相关正义呼吁。
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引用次数: 0
Burning amazon: the dire consequences of climate inaction 燃烧的亚马逊:气候不作为的可怕后果
IF 7 Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2024.100918
The Lancet Regional Health – Americas
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引用次数: 0
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Lancet Regional Health-Americas
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