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Active shooters and gun-free zones: emotional versus legal motivations – author's reply 主动枪手和无枪区:情感动机与法律动机--作者的回复
IF 7 Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2024.100929
Paul M. Reeping
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引用次数: 0
Alignment of countries in the Americas with the latest WHO guidelines for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection: a review 美洲国家与世界卫生组织最新乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染指南的一致性:综述
IF 7 Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2024.100925
Hugo Perazzo, Estevão Portela Nunes, Sandra W. Cardoso, Valdilea G. Veloso, Beatriz Grinsztejn
Evidence is lacking on alignment of current guidance from the Region of the Americas (AMR) countries with the new guidelines for people with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection published by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2024. We gathered the most updated guidance on HBV infection from organisations/societies and seven countries from AMR. Most guidelines were aligned with the new WHO recommendation to treat persons with elevated ALT and HBV-DNA levels ≥2,000 IU/ml or with HIV-coinfection, hepatocellular carcinoma family history, extra-hepatic manifestations, or immunosuppression. The new WHO 2024 guidelines introduced treatment for persistently abnormal ALT in the absence of HBV-DNA, with TDF and/or entecavir as first-line therapy. TDF in pregnant women with high HBV-DNA levels was recommended to prevent mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). These guidelines advised prophylaxis to pregnant women with positive HBsAg where HBV-DNA is unavailable. WHO 2024 and updated guidelines from most AMR countries had simplified and expanded criteria for HBV treatment and MTCT prevention.
美洲地区(AMR)国家的现行指南与世界卫生组织(WHO)于 2024 年 3 月发布的乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染者新指南的一致性缺乏证据。我们收集了美洲地区七个国家的组织/协会提供的有关 HBV 感染的最新指南。大多数指南都与世卫组织的新建议保持一致,即对谷丙转氨酶(ALT)升高、HBV-DNA 水平≥2,000 IU/ml 或合并 HIV 感染、肝细胞癌家族史、肝外表现或免疫抑制的患者进行治疗。世卫组织 2024 年新指南引入了对无 HBV DNA 的 ALT 持续异常的治疗,将 TDF 和/或恩替卡韦作为一线疗法。建议对 HBV DNA 水平较高的孕妇使用 TDF,以预防母婴传播(MTCT)。这些指南建议,在没有 HBV-DNA 的情况下,对 HBsAg 阳性的孕妇进行预防治疗。世卫组织 2024 年指导方针和大多数 AMR 国家更新的指导方针简化并扩大了 HBV 治疗和母婴传播预防的标准。
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引用次数: 0
Burden of infant group B Streptococcus disease and impact of maternal screening and antibiotic prophylaxis in Ontario, Canada: a population-based cohort study 加拿大安大略省婴儿 B 群链球菌疾病负担及产妇筛查和抗生素预防的影响:基于人群的队列研究
IF 7 Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2024.100914
Romina Fakhraei , Deshayne B. Fell , Darine El-Chaâr , Nisha Thampi , Beate Sander , Kevin Antoine Brown , Natasha Crowcroft , Shelly Bolotin , Jon Barrett , Elizabeth K. Darling , Nahuel Fittipaldi , Theresa Lamagni , Allison McGeer , Michelle Murti , Manish Sadarangani , Kevin L. Schwartz , Abdool Yasseen , Matthew Tunis , William Petrcich , Kumanan Wilson

Background

Group B Streptococcus (GBS) significantly contributes to neonatal sepsis and meningitis, with varying disease rates reported globally and limited population-based data. We estimated infant GBS disease burden in Ontario, Canada and assessed the association of maternal GBS screening (35–37 weeks' gestation) and intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) provision with infant disease rates.

Methods

Our population-based cohort study included pregnant individuals and their offspring from April 2012 to March 2018, utilising the provincial birth registry linked to health administrative data. GBS cases were ascertained through culture results and diagnostic codes. We calculated incidence rates for early-onset disease (EOD: 0–6 days), late-onset disease (LOD: 7–89 days), and ultra-LOD (ULOD: 90–365 days). Adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRR) were derived via log-binomial regression to compare infant GBS rates according to screening and IAP-receipt.

Findings

Among 776,148 liveborn infants, we identified 803 with GBS, with multiples exhibiting a threefold incidence increase. Incidence rates of EOD, LOD and ULOD were 0.49, 0.46 and 0.07 per 1000 livebirths, respectively. Of eligible pregnancies, 94% were screened; 23% screened positive, and 81% of them received IAP. Nearly 12% of term EOD infants had mothers who missed IAP despite screening positive. Maternal screening was associated with lower rates of any infant GBS disease (aIRR: 0.60; 95% CI: 0.45, 0.80). Among screen-positive births, IAP-receipt was associated with reduced rates of EOD (aIRR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.48, 1.29) and LOD/ULOD (aIRR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.46, 1.05), but confidence intervals included 1.0.

Interpretation

Our study, the largest Canadian investigation into infant GBS disease, highlights both widespread adoption and ongoing challenges of the current prevention strategy.

Funding

Canadian Institutes of Health Research.
背景B群链球菌(GBS)是新生儿败血症和脑膜炎的重要致病菌,全球报告的发病率各不相同,基于人群的数据也很有限。我们估算了加拿大安大略省的婴儿 GBS 疾病负担,并评估了孕产妇 GBS 筛查(妊娠 35-37 周)和产前抗生素预防(IAP)与婴儿患病率的关系。通过培养结果和诊断代码确定了 GBS 病例。我们计算了早发症(EOD:0-6 天)、晚发症(LOD:7-89 天)和超晚发症(ULOD:90-365 天)的发病率。通过对数二项式回归得出调整后的发病率比 (aIRR),以比较筛查和接受 IAP 的婴儿 GBS 发病率。EOD、LOD 和 ULOD 的发病率分别为每 1000 例活产 0.49、0.46 和 0.07。在符合条件的孕妇中,94%接受了筛查;23%筛查结果呈阳性,其中81%接受了IAP。尽管筛查结果呈阳性,但近 12% 的足月排卵期婴儿的母亲错过了 IAP。母体筛查与较低的婴儿 GBS 患病率相关(aIRR:0.60;95% CI:0.45,0.80)。在筛查呈阳性的新生儿中,接受 IAP 与 EOD(aIRR:0.72;95% CI:0.48;1.29)和 LOD/ULOD (aIRR:0.69;95% CI:0.46;1.05)发病率的降低有关,但置信区间包括 1.0。
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引用次数: 0
Clinical and functional assessment of SARS-CoV-2 sequelae among young marines – a panel study 年轻海军陆战队员 SARS-CoV-2 后遗症的临床和功能评估 - 小组研究
IF 7 Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2024.100909
Chad K. Porter , Charmagne G. Beckett , Elizabeth Cooper , Lindsey White , David Wallace , Silvia Jakubski , David Boulifard , Megan Schilling , Peifang Sun , Jan Marayag , Amethyst Marrone , Edgar O. Nunez-Hernandez , Sindhu Vangeti , Clare Miller , Yongchao Ge , Irene Ramos , Carl Goforth , Stuart C. Sealfon , Andrew G. Letizia

Background

Long-term SARS-CoV-2 adverse health outcomes are of significant concern, especially among young adults with the potential for the greatest long-term morbidity. We sought to assess and characterize these outcomes in a cohort of Marines.

Methods

We used a cohort of US Marines from a previous longitudinal, prospective observational study of acute SARS-CoV-2, most of whom were enrolled prior to infection. A panel study was established to assess for post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC), defined as symptoms at least 4 weeks after symptom onset or diagnosis. Symptoms were assessed through questionnaires and validated quality of health metrics. Periodic US Marine Corps fitness testing metrics provided an additional standardized functional assessment and were compared to a pre-pandemic cohort.

Findings

Globally dispersed Marine participants (n = 899) seen an average of 330 days following initial enrollment were predominately male (n = 825, 91.7%), White (n = 613, 71.6%) or Black (n = 149, 17.4%) with a median age of 18 years (interquartile range: 18–19). Among 798 SARS-CoV-2 infected participants, 197 (24.7%) developed PASC. The most prevalent symptoms were loss of taste and/or smell (n = 82; 41.6%), shortness of breath (n = 74; 37.6%), and cough (n = 45; 22.8%). Those with PASC had higher rates and severity of somatic (p < 0.0001), general depressive (p < 0.0001), and anxiety (p = 0.005) symptoms. Compared to a historic cohort of Marines, participants with PASC scored worse on their physical fitness assessments due to slower run times (p = 0.002). Those with PASC continued to have decreased physical performance one year after completing initial training.

Interpretation

In this population of healthy young adult US Marines with mostly either asymptomatic or mild acute COVID-19, one fourth reported physical, cognitive, or psychiatric long-term sequelae of infection. The Marines affected with PASC showed evidence of long-term decrease in functional performance suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 infection may negatively affect health for a significant proportion of young adults.

Funding

Defense Health Agency and Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency.
背景SARS-CoV-2对健康造成的长期不利影响令人深感忧虑,尤其是在可能造成最大长期发病率的年轻成年人中。我们试图对海军陆战队队列中的这些结果进行评估和描述。方法我们使用了以前对急性 SARS-CoV-2 进行的纵向前瞻性观察研究中的美国海军陆战队队列,其中大多数人是在感染之前加入的。为了评估 COVID-19 急性后遗症 (PASC),我们开展了一项小组研究,PASC 的定义是症状出现或确诊后至少 4 周出现的症状。症状通过调查问卷和经过验证的健康质量指标进行评估。定期进行的美国海军陆战队体能测试指标提供了额外的标准化功能评估,并与疫情发生前的队列进行了比较。研究结果全球分散的海军陆战队参与者(n = 899)在首次注册后平均 330 天就诊,他们主要为男性(n = 825,91.7%)、白人(n = 613,71.6%)或黑人(n = 149,17.4%),中位年龄为 18 岁(四分位间范围:18-19)。在 798 名感染 SARS-CoV-2 的参与者中,197 人(24.7%)出现 PASC。最常见的症状是味觉和/或嗅觉丧失(82 人;41.6%)、呼吸急促(74 人;37.6%)和咳嗽(45 人;22.8%)。PASC 患者的躯体症状(p < 0.0001)、一般抑郁症状(p < 0.0001)和焦虑症状(p = 0.005)的发生率和严重程度都较高。与历史上的海军陆战队队列相比,患有 PASC 的参与者在体能评估中得分较低,因为跑步时间较慢(p = 0.002)。在这群健康的年轻成年美国海军陆战队员中,大部分人都患有无症状或轻度急性 COVID-19,其中四分之一的人报告了身体、认知或精神方面的长期感染后遗症。感染 PASC 的海军陆战队员显示出功能表现长期下降的证据,这表明 SARS-CoV-2 感染可能会对相当一部分年轻人的健康产生负面影响。
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引用次数: 0
Elimination of lymphatic filariasis in Brazil: a public health milestone for citizenship 在巴西消灭淋巴丝虫病:公民公共卫生的里程碑
IF 7 Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2024.100922
Carlos Dornels Freire de Souza , Rodrigo Feliciano do Carmo
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引用次数: 0
Teleconsultation on patients with type 2 diabetes in the Brazilian public health system: a randomised, pragmatic, open-label, phase 2, non-inferiority trial (TELECONSULTA diabetes trial) 巴西公共卫生系统中 2 型糖尿病患者的远程会诊:随机、实用、开放标签、第 2 阶段、非劣效试验(TELECONSULTA 糖尿病试验)
IF 7 Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2024.100923
Daniela Laranja Gomes Rodrigues , Gisele Silvestre Belber , Frederica Valle de Queiroz Padilha , Lucas Bassolli de Oliveira Alves , Álvaro Avezum , Marcos Aurélio Maeyama , Alexsandra Vitti , Greta Barriquel Pompermaier , Tanise Balvedi Damas , Mariana Selbach Selbach Otero , Raquel Souza de Aguiar , Renata Almeida de Andrade , Ligia Fonseca Spinel , Ana Paula Neves Marques Pinho , Haliton Alves de Oliveira Junior

Background

This study addresses the rising burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and explores the potential of teleconsultation, as an alternative for diabetes management. The primary objective was to test the hypothesis that teleconsultation is non-inferior to face-to-face consultation in terms of glycaemic control measured as glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) (non-inferiority margin for the upper confidence interval for the difference between groups of 0,5% in HbA1c) for type 2 diabetes mellitus patients referred from Primary Healthcare to Specialized Care within the SUS.

Methods

TELECONSULTA, is a randomized, pragmatic, phase 2, single-centre, open-label, non-inferiority trial conducted in Joinville, Brazil. A total of 278 participants diagnosed with type 2 diabetes were randomized through mandatory teleconsulting services from primary care health units. The randomization was 1:1 to teleconsultation or face to face consultation. The study was registered at the Brazilian Clinical Trial Register—REBEC, under the code RBR-8gpgyd. Study status is “Completed”.

Findings

This study included 278 participants in the intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis. The median age was 61 (54–68) years, 167 (60%) were women. The between-groups comparative average reduction in HbA1c was −0.6% (90% CI −1.0; −0.1) at 3-months and −0.5% (90% CI −0.9; 0.0) at 6-months in Modified Intention-to-Treat (mITT) population with imputed data, showing the non-inferiority of teleconsultation. Results with no missing data imputation and in the per protocol population were similar. The frequency of hypoglycaemia and other adverse events was well balanced between groups.

Interpretation

The results underscore the transformative potential of telemedicine in addressing the complexities of diabetes management within the framework of a universal healthcare system, contributing with valuable insights for healthcare policymakers and practitioners seeking innovative solutions to tackle the growing diabetes epidemic.

Funding

This study was funded by the Brazilian Ministry of Health, through the Unified Health SystemInstitutional Development Support Program (PROADI-SUS).
背景本研究针对 2 型糖尿病日益加重的负担,探讨了远程会诊作为糖尿病管理替代方法的潜力。研究的主要目的是验证一个假设,即对于从初级医疗机构转诊到统一卫生系统内专科医疗机构的 2 型糖尿病患者,在以糖化血红蛋白 (HbA1c) 为指标的血糖控制方面,远程会诊并不优于面对面会诊(两组间 HbA1c 差异的置信区间上限为 0.5%)。方法TELECONSULTA 是一项随机、务实、第 2 阶段、单中心、开放标签、非劣效试验,在巴西儒安维尔进行。共有 278 名确诊为 2 型糖尿病的患者通过初级保健医疗单位的强制性远程咨询服务接受了随机治疗。远程会诊或面对面会诊的随机分配比例为 1:1。该研究已在巴西临床试验注册中心注册,代码为 RBR-8gpgyd。研究状态为 "已完成"。研究结果这项研究的意向治疗(ITT)分析包括 278 名参与者。中位年龄为 61(54-68)岁,167(60%)人为女性。在修正意向治疗(mITT)人群中,组间比较的 HbA1c 平均降幅在 3 个月时为 -0.6% (90% CI -1.0; -0.1),在 6 个月时为 -0.5% (90% CI -0.9; 0.0)。无缺失数据估算和按方案人群的结果相似。结果强调了远程医疗在全民医疗保健系统框架内解决糖尿病管理复杂问题的变革潜力,为医疗保健政策制定者和从业人员寻求创新解决方案以应对日益严重的糖尿病流行病提供了宝贵的见解。
{"title":"Teleconsultation on patients with type 2 diabetes in the Brazilian public health system: a randomised, pragmatic, open-label, phase 2, non-inferiority trial (TELECONSULTA diabetes trial)","authors":"Daniela Laranja Gomes Rodrigues ,&nbsp;Gisele Silvestre Belber ,&nbsp;Frederica Valle de Queiroz Padilha ,&nbsp;Lucas Bassolli de Oliveira Alves ,&nbsp;Álvaro Avezum ,&nbsp;Marcos Aurélio Maeyama ,&nbsp;Alexsandra Vitti ,&nbsp;Greta Barriquel Pompermaier ,&nbsp;Tanise Balvedi Damas ,&nbsp;Mariana Selbach Selbach Otero ,&nbsp;Raquel Souza de Aguiar ,&nbsp;Renata Almeida de Andrade ,&nbsp;Ligia Fonseca Spinel ,&nbsp;Ana Paula Neves Marques Pinho ,&nbsp;Haliton Alves de Oliveira Junior","doi":"10.1016/j.lana.2024.100923","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lana.2024.100923","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>This study addresses the rising burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and explores the potential of teleconsultation, as an alternative for diabetes management. The primary objective was to test the hypothesis that teleconsultation is non-inferior to face-to-face consultation in terms of glycaemic control measured as glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) (non-inferiority margin for the upper confidence interval for the difference between groups of 0,5% in HbA1c) for type 2 diabetes mellitus patients referred from Primary Healthcare to Specialized Care within the SUS.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>TELECONSULTA, is a randomized, pragmatic, phase 2, single-centre, open-label, non-inferiority trial conducted in Joinville, Brazil. A total of 278 participants diagnosed with type 2 diabetes were randomized through mandatory teleconsulting services from primary care health units. The randomization was 1:1 to teleconsultation or face to face consultation. The study was registered at the Brazilian Clinical Trial Register—REBEC, under the code RBR-8gpgyd. Study status is “Completed”.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>This study included 278 participants in the intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis. The median age was 61 (54–68) years, 167 (60%) were women. The between-groups comparative average reduction in HbA1c was −0.6% (90% CI −1.0; −0.1) at 3-months and −0.5% (90% CI −0.9; 0.0) at 6-months in Modified Intention-to-Treat (mITT) population with imputed data, showing the non-inferiority of teleconsultation. Results with no missing data imputation and in the per protocol population were similar. The frequency of hypoglycaemia and other adverse events was well balanced between groups.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>The results underscore the transformative potential of telemedicine in addressing the complexities of diabetes management within the framework of a universal healthcare system, contributing with valuable insights for healthcare policymakers and practitioners seeking innovative solutions to tackle the growing diabetes epidemic.</div></div><div><h3>Funding</h3><div>This study was funded by the <span>Brazilian Ministry of Health</span>, through the <span>Unified Health System</span>–<span>Institutional Development Support Program</span> (PROADI-SUS).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29783,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Regional Health-Americas","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100923"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Active shooters and gun-free zones: emotional versus legal motivations 主动开枪者和无枪区:情感动机与法律动机
IF 7 Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2024.100928
Joshua E. Lane , Yisong Geng
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引用次数: 0
Strengthening perinatal mental health is a requirement to reduce maternal and newborn mortality 加强围产期心理健康是降低孕产妇和新生儿死亡率的必要条件
IF 7 Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2024.100912
Malia Duffy , Robyn Churchill , Lily P. Kak , Maura Reap , Jerome T. Galea , Kathleen O'Donnell Burrows , Jennifer Yourkavitch
{"title":"Strengthening perinatal mental health is a requirement to reduce maternal and newborn mortality","authors":"Malia Duffy ,&nbsp;Robyn Churchill ,&nbsp;Lily P. Kak ,&nbsp;Maura Reap ,&nbsp;Jerome T. Galea ,&nbsp;Kathleen O'Donnell Burrows ,&nbsp;Jennifer Yourkavitch","doi":"10.1016/j.lana.2024.100912","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lana.2024.100912","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29783,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Regional Health-Americas","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100912"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Averting flood-related deaths and injuries from hurricanes: enhancing hospital resilience 避免飓风造成与洪水有关的伤亡:提高医院的抗灾能力
IF 7 Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2024.100930
Attila J. Hertelendy , Gregory R. Ciottone
{"title":"Averting flood-related deaths and injuries from hurricanes: enhancing hospital resilience","authors":"Attila J. Hertelendy ,&nbsp;Gregory R. Ciottone","doi":"10.1016/j.lana.2024.100930","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lana.2024.100930","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29783,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Regional Health-Americas","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100930"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142527490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Women's attitudes towards intimate partner violence in Guyana: a population-based study 圭亚那妇女对亲密伴侣暴力的态度:基于人口的研究
IF 7 Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2024.100920
Gary Joseph , Charles C. Branas , Sandra Rupnarain , Monica Riutort , Christopher N. Morrison

Background

Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women is a global health issue and a breach of human rights. However, the literature lacks understanding of how socioeconomic and geographic disparities influence women's attitudes toward IPV in Guyana over time. This study aimed to assess trends in women's attitudes about IPV in Guyana.

Methods

Data from three nationally representative surveys from 2009, 2014 to 2019 were analysed. The prevalence of women's attitudes about IPV was assessed, specifically in response to going out without telling their partners, neglecting their children, arguing with their partner, refusing sex with their partner, or burning food prepared for family meals. A series of stratified subgroup analyses were also completed. We assessed trends in IPV using the slope index of inequality (SII) and the concentration index of inequality (CIX). We used multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression to assess factors associated with women's attitudes justifying IPV.

Findings

The prevalence of women's attitudes justifying IPV for any of the five reasons declined from 16.4% (95% CI: 15.1–17.8) in 2009 to 10.8% (95% CI: 9.7–12.0) in 2019. Marked geographic and socioeconomic inequalities were observed among subgroups. The SII for any of the five reasons decreased from −20.02 to −14.28, while the CIX remained constant over time. Key factors associated with women's attitudes about IPV were area of residence, sex of the household head, marital status, respondent's level of education, wealth index quintile, and the frequency of reading newspapers/magazines.

Interpretation

From 2009 to 2019, Guyana was able to reduce women's attitudes justifying IPV against women by 34.1% and shortened subgroup inequalities. However, the prevalence remained high in 2019, with persisted inequalities among subgroups. Effective strategies, including the use of media to raise awareness, promotion of community-based approaches, and educational campaigns focusing on geographic and socioeconomic disparities, are essential for continuing to reduce the prevalence of IPV and associated inequalities.

Funding

The study was funded in part by the National Institutes of Health, Fogarty International Center grant number D43TW012189.
背景针对妇女的亲密伴侣暴力(IPV)是一个全球性的健康问题,也是对人权的侵犯。然而,文献缺乏对圭亚那社会经济和地理差异如何随着时间的推移影响妇女对 IPV 的态度的了解。本研究旨在评估圭亚那妇女对 IPV 的态度趋势。方法分析了 2009 年、2014 年和 2019 年三次全国代表性调查的数据。评估了妇女对 IPV 的普遍态度,特别是对瞒着伴侣外出、忽视孩子、与伴侣争吵、拒绝与伴侣发生性关系或烧毁为家庭聚餐准备的食物的态度。我们还完成了一系列分层分组分析。我们使用不平等斜率指数(SII)和不平等集中指数(CIX)评估了 IPV 的趋势。我们使用多层次混合效应逻辑回归来评估与妇女为 IPV 开脱的态度相关的因素。研究结果妇女为 IPV 开脱的态度从 2009 年的 16.4%(95% CI:15.1-17.8)下降到 2019 年的 10.8%(95% CI:9.7-12.0)。亚群体之间存在明显的地域和社会经济不平等。五种原因中任何一种原因的 SII 从-20.02 降至-14.28,而 CIX 随时间变化保持不变。与妇女对 IPV 的态度相关的主要因素包括居住地区、户主性别、婚姻状况、受访者教育水平、财富指数五分位数以及阅读报纸/杂志的频率。然而,2019 年的流行率仍然很高,亚群体之间的不平等持续存在。有效的策略,包括利用媒体提高认识、推广基于社区的方法以及开展以地理和社会经济差异为重点的教育活动,对于继续降低 IPV 的流行率和相关的不平等现象至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Lancet Regional Health-Americas
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