Pub Date : 2024-02-21DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00060
Armen G. Beck, Matthew Muhoberac, Caitlin E. Randolph, Connor H. Beveridge, Prageeth R. Wijewardhane, Hilkka I. Kenttämaa and Gaurav Chopra*,
Statistical analysis and modeling of mass spectrometry (MS) data have a long and rich history with several modern MS-based applications using statistical and chemometric methods. Recently, machine learning (ML) has experienced a renaissance due to advents in computational hardware and the development of new algorithms for artificial neural networks (ANN) and deep learning architectures. Moreover, recent successes of new ANN and deep learning architectures in several areas of science, engineering, and society have further strengthened the ML field. Importantly, modern ML methods and architectures have enabled new approaches for tasks related to MS that are now widely adopted in several popular MS-based subdisciplines, such as mass spectrometry imaging and proteomics. Herein, we aim to provide an introductory summary of the practical aspects of ML methodology relevant to MS. Additionally, we seek to provide an up-to-date review of the most recent developments in ML integration with MS-based techniques while also providing critical insights into the future direction of the field.
质谱(MS)数据的统计分析和建模有着悠久而丰富的历史,一些基于质谱的现代应用都使用了统计和化学计量方法。最近,由于计算硬件的进步以及人工神经网络(ANN)和深度学习架构新算法的开发,机器学习(ML)经历了一次复兴。此外,新的人工神经网络和深度学习架构最近在科学、工程和社会的多个领域取得了成功,进一步加强了 ML 领域。重要的是,现代 ML 方法和架构为 MS 相关任务提供了新的方法,这些方法目前已在质谱成像和蛋白质组学等多个基于 MS 的热门子学科中被广泛采用。在此,我们旨在对与 MS 相关的 ML 方法的实际方面进行介绍性总结。此外,我们还将对 ML 与基于 MS 的技术相结合方面的最新发展进行综述,同时对该领域的未来发展方向提出重要见解。
{"title":"Recent Developments in Machine Learning for Mass Spectrometry","authors":"Armen G. Beck, Matthew Muhoberac, Caitlin E. Randolph, Connor H. Beveridge, Prageeth R. Wijewardhane, Hilkka I. Kenttämaa and Gaurav Chopra*, ","doi":"10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00060","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00060","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Statistical analysis and modeling of mass spectrometry (MS) data have a long and rich history with several modern MS-based applications using statistical and chemometric methods. Recently, machine learning (ML) has experienced a renaissance due to advents in computational hardware and the development of new algorithms for artificial neural networks (ANN) and deep learning architectures. Moreover, recent successes of new ANN and deep learning architectures in several areas of science, engineering, and society have further strengthened the ML field. Importantly, modern ML methods and architectures have enabled new approaches for tasks related to MS that are now widely adopted in several popular MS-based subdisciplines, such as mass spectrometry imaging and proteomics. Herein, we aim to provide an introductory summary of the practical aspects of ML methodology relevant to MS. Additionally, we seek to provide an up-to-date review of the most recent developments in ML integration with MS-based techniques while also providing critical insights into the future direction of the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":29800,"journal":{"name":"ACS Measurement Science Au","volume":"4 3","pages":"233–246"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00060","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139924536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-14DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00071
Marc Safferthal, Leïla Bechtella, Andreas Zappe, Gaël M. Vos and Kevin Pagel*,
O-glycosylation is a common post-translational modification that is essential for the defensive properties of mucus barriers. Incomplete and altered O-glycosylation is often linked to severe diseases, such as cancer, cystic fibrosis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Originating from a nontemplate-driven biosynthesis, mucin-type O-glycan structures are very complex. They are often present as heterogeneous mixtures containing multiple isomers. Therefore, the analysis of complex O-glycan mixtures usually requires hyphenation of orthogonal techniques such as liquid chromatography (LC), ion mobility spectrometry, and mass spectrometry (MS). However, MS-based techniques are mainly qualitative. Moreover, LC separation of O-glycans often lacks reproducibility and requires sophisticated data treatment and analysis. Here we present a mucin-type O-glycomics analysis workflow that utilizes hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography for separation and fluorescence labeling for detection and quantification. In combination with mass spectrometry, a detailed analysis on the relative abundance of specific mucin-type O-glycan compositions and features, such as fucose, sialic acids, and sulfates, is performed. Furthermore, the average number of monosaccharide units of O-glycans in different samples was determined. To demonstrate universal applicability, the method was tested on mucins from different tissue types and mammals, such as bovine submaxillary mucins, porcine gastric mucins, and human milk mucins. To account for day-to-day retention time shifts in O-glycan separations and increase the comparability between different instruments and laboratories, we included fluorescently labeled dextran ladders in our workflow. In addition, we set up a library of glucose unit values for all identified O-glycans, which can be used to simplify the identification process of glycans in future analyses.
O 型糖基化是一种常见的翻译后修饰,对粘液屏障的防御特性至关重要。O-糖基化不完全或发生改变往往与癌症、囊性纤维化和慢性阻塞性肺病等严重疾病有关。源自非模板驱动的生物合成,粘蛋白型 O 型糖结构非常复杂。它们通常是含有多种异构体的异质混合物。因此,分析复杂的 O-聚糖混合物通常需要采用正交技术,如液相色谱法(LC)、离子迁移谱法和质谱法(MS)。然而,基于质谱的技术主要是定性的。此外,液相色谱分离 O 型糖往往缺乏重现性,需要复杂的数据处理和分析。在此,我们介绍一种利用亲水相互作用液相色谱进行分离、利用荧光标记进行检测和定量的粘蛋白型 O-聚糖分析工作流程。结合质谱法,我们可以详细分析特定粘蛋白型 O-糖组成和特征(如岩藻糖、硅酸和硫酸盐)的相对丰度。此外,还测定了不同样本中 O 型聚糖单糖单位的平均数量。为了证明该方法的普遍适用性,对来自不同组织类型和哺乳动物的粘蛋白(如牛颌下腺粘蛋白、猪胃粘蛋白和人奶粘蛋白)进行了测试。为了考虑到O-糖分离过程中每天的保留时间变化,并提高不同仪器和实验室之间的可比性,我们在工作流程中加入了荧光标记的葡聚糖阶梯。此外,我们还为所有已鉴定的 O 型聚糖建立了葡萄糖单位值库,可用于简化今后分析中聚糖的鉴定过程。
{"title":"Labeling of Mucin-Type O-Glycans for Quantification Using Liquid Chromatography and Fluorescence Detection","authors":"Marc Safferthal, Leïla Bechtella, Andreas Zappe, Gaël M. Vos and Kevin Pagel*, ","doi":"10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00071","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00071","url":null,"abstract":"<p ><i>O</i>-glycosylation is a common post-translational modification that is essential for the defensive properties of mucus barriers. Incomplete and altered <i>O</i>-glycosylation is often linked to severe diseases, such as cancer, cystic fibrosis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Originating from a nontemplate-driven biosynthesis, mucin-type <i>O</i>-glycan structures are very complex. They are often present as heterogeneous mixtures containing multiple isomers. Therefore, the analysis of complex <i>O</i>-glycan mixtures usually requires hyphenation of orthogonal techniques such as liquid chromatography (LC), ion mobility spectrometry, and mass spectrometry (MS). However, MS-based techniques are mainly qualitative. Moreover, LC separation of <i>O</i>-glycans often lacks reproducibility and requires sophisticated data treatment and analysis. Here we present a mucin-type <i>O</i>-glycomics analysis workflow that utilizes hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography for separation and fluorescence labeling for detection and quantification. In combination with mass spectrometry, a detailed analysis on the relative abundance of specific mucin-type <i>O</i>-glycan compositions and features, such as fucose, sialic acids, and sulfates, is performed. Furthermore, the average number of monosaccharide units of <i>O</i>-glycans in different samples was determined. To demonstrate universal applicability, the method was tested on mucins from different tissue types and mammals, such as bovine submaxillary mucins, porcine gastric mucins, and human milk mucins. To account for day-to-day retention time shifts in <i>O</i>-glycan separations and increase the comparability between different instruments and laboratories, we included fluorescently labeled dextran ladders in our workflow. In addition, we set up a library of glucose unit values for all identified <i>O</i>-glycans, which can be used to simplify the identification process of glycans in future analyses.</p>","PeriodicalId":29800,"journal":{"name":"ACS Measurement Science Au","volume":"4 2","pages":"223–230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00071","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139755302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-05DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00053
Johannes Glöckler, Carsten Jaeschke, Marta Padilla, Jan Mitrovics and Boris Mizaikoff*,
This proof-of-principle study presents the ability of the recently developed iLovEnose to measure ultratrace levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in simulated human breath based on the combination of multiple gas sensors. The iLovEnose was developed by our research team as a test bed for gas sensors that can be hosted in three serially connected compact low-volume and temperature-controlled compartments. Herein, the eNose system was equipped with conventional semiconducting metal oxide (MOX) gas sensors using a variety of base technologies providing 11 different sensor signals that were evaluated to determine six VOCs of interest at eight low to ultralow concentration levels (i.e., ranging from 3 to 0.075 ppm) at humid conditions (90% rh at 22 °C). The measurements were randomized and performed four times over a period of 2 weeks. Partial least-squares regression analysis was applied to estimate the concentration of these six analytes. It was shown that the iLovEnose system is able to discriminate between these VOCs and provide reliable quantitative information relevant for future applications in exhaled breath analysis as a diagnostic disease detection or monitoring device.
{"title":"Ultratrace eNose Sensing of VOCs toward Breath Analysis Applications Utilizing an eNose-Based Analyzer","authors":"Johannes Glöckler, Carsten Jaeschke, Marta Padilla, Jan Mitrovics and Boris Mizaikoff*, ","doi":"10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00053","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00053","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This proof-of-principle study presents the ability of the recently developed iLovEnose to measure ultratrace levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in simulated human breath based on the combination of multiple gas sensors. The iLovEnose was developed by our research team as a test bed for gas sensors that can be hosted in three serially connected compact low-volume and temperature-controlled compartments. Herein, the eNose system was equipped with conventional semiconducting metal oxide (MOX) gas sensors using a variety of base technologies providing 11 different sensor signals that were evaluated to determine six VOCs of interest at eight low to ultralow concentration levels (i.e., ranging from 3 to 0.075 ppm) at humid conditions (90% rh at 22 °C). The measurements were randomized and performed four times over a period of 2 weeks. Partial least-squares regression analysis was applied to estimate the concentration of these six analytes. It was shown that the iLovEnose system is able to discriminate between these VOCs and provide reliable quantitative information relevant for future applications in exhaled breath analysis as a diagnostic disease detection or monitoring device.</p>","PeriodicalId":29800,"journal":{"name":"ACS Measurement Science Au","volume":"4 2","pages":"184–187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00053","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139772888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00048
Ruchir Gupta, and , Sachin Dev Verma*,
Relaxation rate dispersion, i.e., nonexponential or multicomponent kinetics, is observed in complex systems when measuring relaxation kinetics. Often, the origin of rate dispersion is associated with the heterogeneity in the system. However, both homogeneous (where all molecules experience the same rate but inherently nonexponential) and heterogeneous (where all molecules experience different rates) systems can exhibit rate dispersion. A multidimensional correlation analysis method has been demonstrated to detect and quantify rate dispersion observed in molecular rotation, diffusion, solvation, and reaction kinetics. One-dimensional (1D) autocorrelation function detects rate dispersion and measures its extent. Two-dimensional (2D) autocorrelation function measures the origin of rate dispersion and distinguishes homogeneous from heterogeneous. In a heterogeneous system, implicitly there exist subensembles of molecules experiencing different rates. A three-dimensional (3D) autocorrelation function measures subensemble exchange if present and reveals if the system possesses static or dynamic heterogeneity. This perspective discusses the principles, applications, and potential and also presents a future outlook of two-dimensional fluctuation correlation spectroscopy (2D-FlucCS). The method is applicable to any experiment or simulation where a time series of fluctuation in an observable (emission, scattering, current, etc.) around a mean value can be obtained in steady state (equilibrium or nonequilibrium), provided the system is ergodic.
{"title":"Two-Dimensional Fluctuation Correlation Spectroscopy (2D-FlucCS): A Method to Determine the Origin of Relaxation Rate Dispersion","authors":"Ruchir Gupta, and , Sachin Dev Verma*, ","doi":"10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00048","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00048","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Relaxation rate dispersion, i.e., nonexponential or multicomponent kinetics, is observed in complex systems when measuring relaxation kinetics. Often, the origin of rate dispersion is associated with the heterogeneity in the system. However, both homogeneous (where all molecules experience the same rate but inherently nonexponential) and heterogeneous (where all molecules experience different rates) systems can exhibit rate dispersion. A multidimensional correlation analysis method has been demonstrated to detect and quantify rate dispersion observed in molecular rotation, diffusion, solvation, and reaction kinetics. One-dimensional (1D) autocorrelation function detects rate dispersion and measures its extent. Two-dimensional (2D) autocorrelation function measures the origin of rate dispersion and distinguishes homogeneous from heterogeneous. In a heterogeneous system, implicitly there exist subensembles of molecules experiencing different rates. A three-dimensional (3D) autocorrelation function measures subensemble exchange if present and reveals if the system possesses static or dynamic heterogeneity. This perspective discusses the principles, applications, and potential and also presents a future outlook of two-dimensional fluctuation correlation spectroscopy (2D-FlucCS). The method is applicable to any experiment or simulation where a time series of fluctuation in an observable (emission, scattering, current, etc.) around a mean value can be obtained in steady state (equilibrium or nonequilibrium), provided the system is ergodic.</p>","PeriodicalId":29800,"journal":{"name":"ACS Measurement Science Au","volume":"4 2","pages":"153–162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00048","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139657710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The development of artificial receptors has great significance in measurement science and technology. The need for a robust version of natural receptors is getting increased attention because the cost of natural receptors is still high along with storage difficulties. Aptamers, imprinted polymers, and nanozymes are some of the matured artificial receptors in analytical chemistry. Recently, a new direction has been discovered by organic chemists, who can synthesize robust, activity-based, self-immolative organic molecules that have artificial receptor properties for the targeted analytes. Specifically designed trigger moieties implant selectivity and sensitivity. These latent electrochemical redox substrates are highly stable, mass-producible, inexpensive, and eco-friendly. Combining redox substrates with the merits of electrochemical techniques is a good opportunity to establish a new direction in artificial receptors. This Review provides an overview of electrochemical redox substrate design, anatomy, benefits, and biosensing potential. A proper understanding of molecular design can lead to the development of a library of novel self-immolative redox molecules that would have huge implications for measurement science and technology.
{"title":"Self-Immolative Electrochemical Redox Substrates: Emerging Artificial Receptors in Sensing and Biosensing","authors":"Kesavan Manibalan, Ponnusamy Arul, Hsin-Jay Wu, Sheng-Tung Huang* and Veerappan Mani*, ","doi":"10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00057","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00057","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The development of artificial receptors has great significance in measurement science and technology. The need for a robust version of natural receptors is getting increased attention because the cost of natural receptors is still high along with storage difficulties. Aptamers, imprinted polymers, and nanozymes are some of the matured artificial receptors in analytical chemistry. Recently, a new direction has been discovered by organic chemists, who can synthesize robust, activity-based, self-immolative organic molecules that have artificial receptor properties for the targeted analytes. Specifically designed trigger moieties implant selectivity and sensitivity. These latent electrochemical redox substrates are highly stable, mass-producible, inexpensive, and eco-friendly. Combining redox substrates with the merits of electrochemical techniques is a good opportunity to establish a new direction in artificial receptors. This Review provides an overview of electrochemical redox substrate design, anatomy, benefits, and biosensing potential. A proper understanding of <i>molecular design</i> can lead to the development of a library of novel self-immolative redox molecules that would have huge implications for measurement science and technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":29800,"journal":{"name":"ACS Measurement Science Au","volume":"4 2","pages":"163–183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00057","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139495709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-11DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00062
Tingyuan Yang, Shuli Tang, Jiaxin Feng and Xin Yan*,
Changes in the levels of lipid sn-positional isomers are associated with perturbation of the physiological environment within the biological system. Consequently, knowing the concentrations of these lipids holds significant importance for unraveling their involvement in disease diagnosis and pathological mechanisms. However, existing methods for lipid quantification often fall short in accuracy due to the structural diversity and isomeric forms of lipids. To address this challenge, we have developed an aziridine-based isobaric tag labeling strategy that allows (i) differentiation and (ii) enhanced relative quantification of lipid sn-positional isomers from distinct samples in a single run. The methodology enabled by aziridination, isobaric tag labeling, and lithiation has been applied to various phospholipids, enabling the determination of the sn-positions of fatty acyl chains and enhanced relative quantification. The analysis of Escherichia coli lipid extracts demonstrated the enhanced determination of the concentration ratios of lipid isomers by measuring the intensity ratios of mass reporters released from sn-positional diagnostic ions. Moreover, we applied the method to the analysis of human colon cancer plasma. Intriguingly, 17 PC lipid sn-positional isomers were identified and quantified simultaneously, and among them, 7 showed significant abundance changes in the colon cancer plasma, which can be used as potential plasma markers for diagnosis of human colon cancer.
脂质 Sn 位异构体水平的变化与生物系统内生理环境的干扰有关。因此,了解这些脂质的浓度对于揭示它们在疾病诊断和病理机制中的参与具有重要意义。然而,由于脂质的结构多样性和异构形式,现有的脂质定量方法往往不够准确。为了应对这一挑战,我们开发了一种基于氮丙啶的异构体标签标记策略,可在一次运行中(i)区分和(ii)增强来自不同样本的脂质 Sn-位置异构体的相对定量。氮丙啶化、同位标签标记和石碳酸化方法已应用于多种磷脂,可确定脂肪酰基链的 sn 位置并提高相对定量。对大肠杆菌脂质提取物的分析表明,通过测量 Sn 位置诊断离子释放的质量报告强度比,可以更好地确定脂质异构体的浓度比。此外,我们还将该方法应用于人类结肠癌血浆的分析。有趣的是,我们同时鉴定并定量了17种PC脂质sn-定位异构体,其中7种在结肠癌血浆中显示出显著的丰度变化,可作为诊断人类结肠癌的潜在血浆标记物。
{"title":"Lipid Isobaric Mass Tagging for Enhanced Relative Quantification of Unsaturated sn-Positional Isomers","authors":"Tingyuan Yang, Shuli Tang, Jiaxin Feng and Xin Yan*, ","doi":"10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00062","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00062","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Changes in the levels of lipid <i>sn</i>-positional isomers are associated with perturbation of the physiological environment within the biological system. Consequently, knowing the concentrations of these lipids holds significant importance for unraveling their involvement in disease diagnosis and pathological mechanisms. However, existing methods for lipid quantification often fall short in accuracy due to the structural diversity and isomeric forms of lipids. To address this challenge, we have developed an aziridine-based isobaric tag labeling strategy that allows (i) differentiation and (ii) enhanced relative quantification of lipid <i>sn</i>-positional isomers from distinct samples in a single run. The methodology enabled by aziridination, isobaric tag labeling, and lithiation has been applied to various phospholipids, enabling the determination of the <i>sn</i>-positions of fatty acyl chains and enhanced relative quantification. The analysis of <i>Escherichia coli</i> lipid extracts demonstrated the enhanced determination of the concentration ratios of lipid isomers by measuring the intensity ratios of mass reporters released from <i>sn</i>-positional diagnostic ions. Moreover, we applied the method to the analysis of human colon cancer plasma. Intriguingly, 17 PC lipid <i>sn</i>-positional isomers were identified and quantified simultaneously, and among them, 7 showed significant abundance changes in the colon cancer plasma, which can be used as potential plasma markers for diagnosis of human colon cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":29800,"journal":{"name":"ACS Measurement Science Au","volume":"4 2","pages":"213–222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00062","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139420672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00066
Jingqin Mao, Yahya Atwa, Zhenxun Wu, David McNeill and Hamza Shakeel*,
In this study, a micro helium dielectric barrier discharge (μHDBD) plasma device fabricated using 3D printing and molding techniques was coupled with a mini spectrometer to detect and identify different classes of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using optical emission spectrometry (OES). We tested 11 VOCs belonging to three different classes (straight-chain alkanes, aromatics, and polar organic compounds). Our results clearly demonstrate that the optical emission spectra of different classes of VOCs show clear differences, and therefore, can be used for identification. Additionally, the emission spectra of VOCs with a similar structure (such as n-pentane, n-hexane, n-heptane, n-octane, and n-nonane) have similar optical emission spectrum shape. Acetone and ethanol also have similar emission wavelengths, but they show different line intensities for the same concentrations. We also found that the side-chain group of aromatics will also affect the emission spectra even though they have a similar structure (all have a benzene ring). Moreover, our μHDBD-OES system can also identify multiple compounds in VOC mixtures. Our work also demonstrates the possibility of identifying different classes of VOCs by the OES shape.
在这项研究中,利用三维打印和成型技术制造的微型氦介质阻挡放电(μHDBD)等离子体装置与微型光谱仪相结合,使用光学发射光谱法(OES)检测和识别不同类别的挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)。我们测试了属于三个不同类别(直链烷烃、芳烃和极性化合物)的 11 种挥发性有机化合物。我们的结果清楚地表明,不同类别的挥发性有机化合物的光学发射光谱显示出明显的差异,因此可用于识别。此外,具有相似结构的挥发性有机化合物(如正戊烷、正己烷、正庚烷、正辛烷和正壬烷)的发射光谱具有相似的光学发射光谱形状。丙酮和乙醇也具有相似的发射波长,但在浓度相同的情况下,它们显示出不同的线强度。我们还发现,芳烃的侧链基团也会影响发射光谱,尽管它们具有相似的结构(都有一个苯环)。此外,我们的 μHDBD-OES 系统还能识别挥发性有机化合物混合物中的多种化合物。我们的工作还证明了通过 OES 形状识别不同类别挥发性有机化合物的可能性。
{"title":"Identification of Different Classes of VOCs Based on Optical Emission Spectra Using a Dielectric Barrier Helium Plasma Coupled with a Mini Spectrometer","authors":"Jingqin Mao, Yahya Atwa, Zhenxun Wu, David McNeill and Hamza Shakeel*, ","doi":"10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00066","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00066","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In this study, a micro helium dielectric barrier discharge (μHDBD) plasma device fabricated using 3D printing and molding techniques was coupled with a mini spectrometer to detect and identify different classes of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using optical emission spectrometry (OES). We tested 11 VOCs belonging to three different classes (straight-chain alkanes, aromatics, and polar organic compounds). Our results clearly demonstrate that the optical emission spectra of different classes of VOCs show clear differences, and therefore, can be used for identification. Additionally, the emission spectra of VOCs with a similar structure (such as <i>n</i>-pentane, <i>n</i>-hexane, <i>n</i>-heptane, <i>n</i>-octane, and <i>n</i>-nonane) have similar optical emission spectrum shape. Acetone and ethanol also have similar emission wavelengths, but they show different line intensities for the same concentrations. We also found that the side-chain group of aromatics will also affect the emission spectra even though they have a similar structure (all have a benzene ring). Moreover, our μHDBD-OES system can also identify multiple compounds in VOC mixtures. Our work also demonstrates the possibility of identifying different classes of VOCs by the OES shape.</p>","PeriodicalId":29800,"journal":{"name":"ACS Measurement Science Au","volume":"4 2","pages":"201–212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00066","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139078672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-28DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00064
Jacob Heiss, and , Hossein Tavana*,
The main cause of mortality among cancer patients is metastatic disease. Metastasis develops from cancer cells that invade the stromal tissue and intravasate the circulatory or lymphatic systems to eventually form new tumors in other organs. Blocking cancer cell invasion can potentially prevent or reduce the metastatic progression of cancers. Testing different chemical compounds against cell invasion in three-dimensional cultures is a common laboratory technique. The efficacy of the treatments is often evaluated from confocal microscopic images of the cells using image processing. However, the analysis approaches are often subject to variations and inconsistencies due to user decisions that must be made while processing each image. To overcome this limitation, we developed a fully automated method to quantify the invasion of cancer cells from a 3D tumor spheroid into the surrounding extracellular matrix. We demonstrated that this method resolves cell invasion from spheroids of different shapes and sizes and from cells that invade as a cluster or individually. We also showed that this approach can help quantify the dose-dependent anti-invasive effects of a commonly used chemotherapy drug. Our automated method significantly reduces the time and increases the consistency and accuracy of cancer cell invasion analysis in three-dimensional cultures.
{"title":"Automated Analysis of Extracellular Matrix Invasion of Cancer Cells from Tumor Spheroids","authors":"Jacob Heiss, and , Hossein Tavana*, ","doi":"10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00064","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00064","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The main cause of mortality among cancer patients is metastatic disease. Metastasis develops from cancer cells that invade the stromal tissue and intravasate the circulatory or lymphatic systems to eventually form new tumors in other organs. Blocking cancer cell invasion can potentially prevent or reduce the metastatic progression of cancers. Testing different chemical compounds against cell invasion in three-dimensional cultures is a common laboratory technique. The efficacy of the treatments is often evaluated from confocal microscopic images of the cells using image processing. However, the analysis approaches are often subject to variations and inconsistencies due to user decisions that must be made while processing each image. To overcome this limitation, we developed a fully automated method to quantify the invasion of cancer cells from a 3D tumor spheroid into the surrounding extracellular matrix. We demonstrated that this method resolves cell invasion from spheroids of different shapes and sizes and from cells that invade as a cluster or individually. We also showed that this approach can help quantify the dose-dependent anti-invasive effects of a commonly used chemotherapy drug. Our automated method significantly reduces the time and increases the consistency and accuracy of cancer cell invasion analysis in three-dimensional cultures.</p>","PeriodicalId":29800,"journal":{"name":"ACS Measurement Science Au","volume":"4 3","pages":"260–266"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00064","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139055641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00063
Jaqueline F. Rocha, Julia C. de Oliveira, Jefferson Bettini, Mathias Strauss, Guilherme S. Selmi, Anderson K. Okazaki, Rafael F. de Oliveira, Renato S. Lima and Murilo Santhiago*,
Electrochemical paper-based analytical devices represent an important platform for portable, low-cost, affordable, and decentralized diagnostics. For this kind of application, chemical functionalization plays a pivotal role to ensure high clinical performance by tuning surface properties and the area of electrodes. However, controlling different surface properties of electrodes by using a single functionalization route is still challenging. In this work, we attempted to tune the wettability, chemical composition, and electroactive area of carbon-paper-based devices by thermally treating polydopamine (PDA) at different temperatures. PDA films were deposited onto pyrolyzed paper (PP) electrodes and thermally treated in the range of 300–1000 °C. After deposition of PDA, the surface is rich in nitrogen and oxygen, it is superhydrophilic, and it has a high electroactive area. As the temperature increases, the surface becomes hydrophobic, and the electroactive area decreases. The surface modifications were followed by Raman, X-ray photoelectron microscopy (XPS), laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), contact angle, scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS), electrical measurements, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and electrochemical experiments. In addition, the chemical composition of nitrogen species can be tuned on the surface. As a proof of concept, we employed PDA-treated surfaces to anchor [AuCl4]− ions. After electrochemical reduction, we observed that it is possible to control the size of the nanoparticles on the surface. Our route opens a new avenue to add versatility to electrochemical interfaces in the field of paper-based electrochemical biosensors.
{"title":"Tuning the Chemical and Electrochemical Properties of Paper-Based Carbon Electrodes by Pyrolysis of Polydopamine","authors":"Jaqueline F. Rocha, Julia C. de Oliveira, Jefferson Bettini, Mathias Strauss, Guilherme S. Selmi, Anderson K. Okazaki, Rafael F. de Oliveira, Renato S. Lima and Murilo Santhiago*, ","doi":"10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00063","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00063","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Electrochemical paper-based analytical devices represent an important platform for portable, low-cost, affordable, and decentralized diagnostics. For this kind of application, chemical functionalization plays a pivotal role to ensure high clinical performance by tuning surface properties and the area of electrodes. However, controlling different surface properties of electrodes by using a single functionalization route is still challenging. In this work, we attempted to tune the wettability, chemical composition, and electroactive area of carbon-paper-based devices by thermally treating polydopamine (PDA) at different temperatures. PDA films were deposited onto pyrolyzed paper (PP) electrodes and thermally treated in the range of 300–1000 °C. After deposition of PDA, the surface is rich in nitrogen and oxygen, it is superhydrophilic, and it has a high electroactive area. As the temperature increases, the surface becomes hydrophobic, and the electroactive area decreases. The surface modifications were followed by Raman, X-ray photoelectron microscopy (XPS), laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), contact angle, scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS), electrical measurements, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and electrochemical experiments. In addition, the chemical composition of nitrogen species can be tuned on the surface. As a proof of concept, we employed PDA-treated surfaces to anchor [AuCl<sub>4</sub>]<sup>−</sup> ions. After electrochemical reduction, we observed that it is possible to control the size of the nanoparticles on the surface. Our route opens a new avenue to add versatility to electrochemical interfaces in the field of paper-based electrochemical biosensors.</p>","PeriodicalId":29800,"journal":{"name":"ACS Measurement Science Au","volume":"4 2","pages":"188–200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00063","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138681741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-12DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00050
Ada Raucci, Antonella Miglione, Wanda Cimmino, Alessia Cioffi, Sima Singh, Michele Spinelli, Angela Amoresano, Giacomo Musile* and Stefano Cinti*,
Nitrite is a compound used as a food additive for its preservative action and coloring capability, as well as an industrial agent for its antifreezing action and for preventing corrosion, and it is also used as a pharmaceutical in cyanide detoxification therapy. However, even recently, because of its high toxicity, it has been used as a murder and suicidal agent due to its affordability and ready availability. In this technical report, we describe an electrochemical paper-based device for selectively determining nitrite in complex biofluids, such as blood, cadaveric blood, vitreous humor, serum, plasma, and urine. The approach was validated in terms of the linearity of response, selectivity, and sensitivity, and the accuracy of the determination was verified by comparing the results with a chromatographic instrumental method. A linear response was observed in the micromolar range; the sensitivity of the method expressed as the limit of detection was 0.4 μM in buffer measurements. The simplicity of use, the portability of the device, and the performance shown make the approach suitable for detecting nitrite in complex biofluids, including contexts of forensic interest, such as murders or suicides in which nitrite is used as a toxic agent. Limits of detection of ca. 1, 2, 4, 5, 3, and 4 μM were obtained in vitreous humor, urine, serum and plasma, blood, and cadaveric blood, also highlighting a satisfactory accuracy comprised between 91 and 112%.
{"title":"Technical Evaluation of a Paper-Based Electrochemical Strip to Measure Nitrite Ions in the Forensic Field","authors":"Ada Raucci, Antonella Miglione, Wanda Cimmino, Alessia Cioffi, Sima Singh, Michele Spinelli, Angela Amoresano, Giacomo Musile* and Stefano Cinti*, ","doi":"10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00050","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00050","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Nitrite is a compound used as a food additive for its preservative action and coloring capability, as well as an industrial agent for its antifreezing action and for preventing corrosion, and it is also used as a pharmaceutical in cyanide detoxification therapy. However, even recently, because of its high toxicity, it has been used as a murder and suicidal agent due to its affordability and ready availability. In this technical report, we describe an electrochemical paper-based device for selectively determining nitrite in complex biofluids, such as blood, cadaveric blood, vitreous humor, serum, plasma, and urine. The approach was validated in terms of the linearity of response, selectivity, and sensitivity, and the accuracy of the determination was verified by comparing the results with a chromatographic instrumental method. A linear response was observed in the micromolar range; the sensitivity of the method expressed as the limit of detection was 0.4 μM in buffer measurements. The simplicity of use, the portability of the device, and the performance shown make the approach suitable for detecting nitrite in complex biofluids, including contexts of forensic interest, such as murders or suicides in which nitrite is used as a toxic agent. Limits of detection of ca. 1, 2, 4, 5, 3, and 4 μM were obtained in vitreous humor, urine, serum and plasma, blood, and cadaveric blood, also highlighting a satisfactory accuracy comprised between 91 and 112%.</p>","PeriodicalId":29800,"journal":{"name":"ACS Measurement Science Au","volume":"4 1","pages":"136–143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00050","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138580771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}