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Recent Developments in Machine Learning for Mass Spectrometry 质谱分析机器学习的最新进展
Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Pub Date : 2024-02-21 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00060
Armen G. Beck, Matthew Muhoberac, Caitlin E. Randolph, Connor H. Beveridge, Prageeth R. Wijewardhane, Hilkka I. Kenttämaa and Gaurav Chopra*, 

Statistical analysis and modeling of mass spectrometry (MS) data have a long and rich history with several modern MS-based applications using statistical and chemometric methods. Recently, machine learning (ML) has experienced a renaissance due to advents in computational hardware and the development of new algorithms for artificial neural networks (ANN) and deep learning architectures. Moreover, recent successes of new ANN and deep learning architectures in several areas of science, engineering, and society have further strengthened the ML field. Importantly, modern ML methods and architectures have enabled new approaches for tasks related to MS that are now widely adopted in several popular MS-based subdisciplines, such as mass spectrometry imaging and proteomics. Herein, we aim to provide an introductory summary of the practical aspects of ML methodology relevant to MS. Additionally, we seek to provide an up-to-date review of the most recent developments in ML integration with MS-based techniques while also providing critical insights into the future direction of the field.

质谱(MS)数据的统计分析和建模有着悠久而丰富的历史,一些基于质谱的现代应用都使用了统计和化学计量方法。最近,由于计算硬件的进步以及人工神经网络(ANN)和深度学习架构新算法的开发,机器学习(ML)经历了一次复兴。此外,新的人工神经网络和深度学习架构最近在科学、工程和社会的多个领域取得了成功,进一步加强了 ML 领域。重要的是,现代 ML 方法和架构为 MS 相关任务提供了新的方法,这些方法目前已在质谱成像和蛋白质组学等多个基于 MS 的热门子学科中被广泛采用。在此,我们旨在对与 MS 相关的 ML 方法的实际方面进行介绍性总结。此外,我们还将对 ML 与基于 MS 的技术相结合方面的最新发展进行综述,同时对该领域的未来发展方向提出重要见解。
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引用次数: 0
Labeling of Mucin-Type O-Glycans for Quantification Using Liquid Chromatography and Fluorescence Detection 利用液相色谱法和荧光检测法标记粘蛋白型 O-糖以进行定量分析
Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Pub Date : 2024-02-14 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00071
Marc Safferthal, Leïla Bechtella, Andreas Zappe, Gaël M. Vos and Kevin Pagel*, 

O-glycosylation is a common post-translational modification that is essential for the defensive properties of mucus barriers. Incomplete and altered O-glycosylation is often linked to severe diseases, such as cancer, cystic fibrosis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Originating from a nontemplate-driven biosynthesis, mucin-type O-glycan structures are very complex. They are often present as heterogeneous mixtures containing multiple isomers. Therefore, the analysis of complex O-glycan mixtures usually requires hyphenation of orthogonal techniques such as liquid chromatography (LC), ion mobility spectrometry, and mass spectrometry (MS). However, MS-based techniques are mainly qualitative. Moreover, LC separation of O-glycans often lacks reproducibility and requires sophisticated data treatment and analysis. Here we present a mucin-type O-glycomics analysis workflow that utilizes hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography for separation and fluorescence labeling for detection and quantification. In combination with mass spectrometry, a detailed analysis on the relative abundance of specific mucin-type O-glycan compositions and features, such as fucose, sialic acids, and sulfates, is performed. Furthermore, the average number of monosaccharide units of O-glycans in different samples was determined. To demonstrate universal applicability, the method was tested on mucins from different tissue types and mammals, such as bovine submaxillary mucins, porcine gastric mucins, and human milk mucins. To account for day-to-day retention time shifts in O-glycan separations and increase the comparability between different instruments and laboratories, we included fluorescently labeled dextran ladders in our workflow. In addition, we set up a library of glucose unit values for all identified O-glycans, which can be used to simplify the identification process of glycans in future analyses.

O 型糖基化是一种常见的翻译后修饰,对粘液屏障的防御特性至关重要。O-糖基化不完全或发生改变往往与癌症、囊性纤维化和慢性阻塞性肺病等严重疾病有关。源自非模板驱动的生物合成,粘蛋白型 O 型糖结构非常复杂。它们通常是含有多种异构体的异质混合物。因此,分析复杂的 O-聚糖混合物通常需要采用正交技术,如液相色谱法(LC)、离子迁移谱法和质谱法(MS)。然而,基于质谱的技术主要是定性的。此外,液相色谱分离 O 型糖往往缺乏重现性,需要复杂的数据处理和分析。在此,我们介绍一种利用亲水相互作用液相色谱进行分离、利用荧光标记进行检测和定量的粘蛋白型 O-聚糖分析工作流程。结合质谱法,我们可以详细分析特定粘蛋白型 O-糖组成和特征(如岩藻糖、硅酸和硫酸盐)的相对丰度。此外,还测定了不同样本中 O 型聚糖单糖单位的平均数量。为了证明该方法的普遍适用性,对来自不同组织类型和哺乳动物的粘蛋白(如牛颌下腺粘蛋白、猪胃粘蛋白和人奶粘蛋白)进行了测试。为了考虑到O-糖分离过程中每天的保留时间变化,并提高不同仪器和实验室之间的可比性,我们在工作流程中加入了荧光标记的葡聚糖阶梯。此外,我们还为所有已鉴定的 O 型聚糖建立了葡萄糖单位值库,可用于简化今后分析中聚糖的鉴定过程。
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引用次数: 0
Ultratrace eNose Sensing of VOCs toward Breath Analysis Applications Utilizing an eNose-Based Analyzer 利用基于电子鼻的分析仪对挥发性有机化合物进行超痕量电子鼻传感,以实现呼吸分析应用
Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Pub Date : 2024-02-05 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00053
Johannes Glöckler, Carsten Jaeschke, Marta Padilla, Jan Mitrovics and Boris Mizaikoff*, 

This proof-of-principle study presents the ability of the recently developed iLovEnose to measure ultratrace levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in simulated human breath based on the combination of multiple gas sensors. The iLovEnose was developed by our research team as a test bed for gas sensors that can be hosted in three serially connected compact low-volume and temperature-controlled compartments. Herein, the eNose system was equipped with conventional semiconducting metal oxide (MOX) gas sensors using a variety of base technologies providing 11 different sensor signals that were evaluated to determine six VOCs of interest at eight low to ultralow concentration levels (i.e., ranging from 3 to 0.075 ppm) at humid conditions (90% rh at 22 °C). The measurements were randomized and performed four times over a period of 2 weeks. Partial least-squares regression analysis was applied to estimate the concentration of these six analytes. It was shown that the iLovEnose system is able to discriminate between these VOCs and provide reliable quantitative information relevant for future applications in exhaled breath analysis as a diagnostic disease detection or monitoring device.

这项原理验证研究展示了最近开发的 iLovEnose 在多个气体传感器组合的基础上测量模拟人体呼吸中超微量挥发性有机化合物 (VOC) 的能力。iLovEnose 由我们的研究团队开发,作为气体传感器的试验平台,可安装在三个串行连接的紧凑型低容量温控舱内。在这里,eNose 系统配备了传统的半导体金属氧化物(MOX)气体传感器,采用多种基础技术,提供 11 种不同的传感器信号,在潮湿条件下(90% rh,22 °C),在 8 个低到超低浓度水平(即从 3 到 0.075 ppm 不等)对 6 种相关挥发性有机化合物进行了评估测定。测量是随机进行的,在两周内进行了四次。应用偏最小二乘回归分析来估算这六种分析物的浓度。结果表明,iLovEnose 系统能够区分这些挥发性有机化合物,并提供可靠的定量信息,适用于未来作为疾病诊断检测或监测设备的呼气分析应用。
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引用次数: 0
Two-Dimensional Fluctuation Correlation Spectroscopy (2D-FlucCS): A Method to Determine the Origin of Relaxation Rate Dispersion 二维波动相关光谱(2D-FlucCS):一种确定弛豫率散布起源的方法
Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00048
Ruchir Gupta,  and , Sachin Dev Verma*, 

Relaxation rate dispersion, i.e., nonexponential or multicomponent kinetics, is observed in complex systems when measuring relaxation kinetics. Often, the origin of rate dispersion is associated with the heterogeneity in the system. However, both homogeneous (where all molecules experience the same rate but inherently nonexponential) and heterogeneous (where all molecules experience different rates) systems can exhibit rate dispersion. A multidimensional correlation analysis method has been demonstrated to detect and quantify rate dispersion observed in molecular rotation, diffusion, solvation, and reaction kinetics. One-dimensional (1D) autocorrelation function detects rate dispersion and measures its extent. Two-dimensional (2D) autocorrelation function measures the origin of rate dispersion and distinguishes homogeneous from heterogeneous. In a heterogeneous system, implicitly there exist subensembles of molecules experiencing different rates. A three-dimensional (3D) autocorrelation function measures subensemble exchange if present and reveals if the system possesses static or dynamic heterogeneity. This perspective discusses the principles, applications, and potential and also presents a future outlook of two-dimensional fluctuation correlation spectroscopy (2D-FlucCS). The method is applicable to any experiment or simulation where a time series of fluctuation in an observable (emission, scattering, current, etc.) around a mean value can be obtained in steady state (equilibrium or nonequilibrium), provided the system is ergodic.

在测量弛豫动力学时,会在复杂系统中观察到弛豫速率分散,即非指数或多组分动力学。通常,速率离散的起源与系统中的异质性有关。然而,同质(所有分子的速率相同,但本质上是非指数)和异质(所有分子的速率不同)系统都会出现速率离散现象。已证明一种多维相关分析方法可以检测和量化在分子旋转、扩散、溶解和反应动力学中观察到的速率离散性。一维(1D)自相关函数可检测速率离散并测量其程度。二维(2D)自相关函数测量速率离散的起源,并区分均相和异相。在异质系统中,隐含地存在着经历不同速率的分子子系统。三维(3D)自相关函数可测量是否存在亚集合交换,并揭示系统是否具有静态或动态异质性。本视角讨论了二维波动相关光谱法(2D-FlucCS)的原理、应用和潜力,并对其未来进行了展望。该方法适用于任何实验或模拟,只要系统是遍历的,就能在稳态(平衡或非平衡)下获得观测值(发射、散射、电流等)围绕平均值波动的时间序列。
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引用次数: 0
Self-Immolative Electrochemical Redox Substrates: Emerging Artificial Receptors in Sensing and Biosensing 自惰性电化学氧化还原底物:传感和生物传感领域的新兴人工受体
Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Pub Date : 2024-01-18 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00057
Kesavan Manibalan, Ponnusamy Arul, Hsin-Jay Wu, Sheng-Tung Huang* and Veerappan Mani*, 

The development of artificial receptors has great significance in measurement science and technology. The need for a robust version of natural receptors is getting increased attention because the cost of natural receptors is still high along with storage difficulties. Aptamers, imprinted polymers, and nanozymes are some of the matured artificial receptors in analytical chemistry. Recently, a new direction has been discovered by organic chemists, who can synthesize robust, activity-based, self-immolative organic molecules that have artificial receptor properties for the targeted analytes. Specifically designed trigger moieties implant selectivity and sensitivity. These latent electrochemical redox substrates are highly stable, mass-producible, inexpensive, and eco-friendly. Combining redox substrates with the merits of electrochemical techniques is a good opportunity to establish a new direction in artificial receptors. This Review provides an overview of electrochemical redox substrate design, anatomy, benefits, and biosensing potential. A proper understanding of molecular design can lead to the development of a library of novel self-immolative redox molecules that would have huge implications for measurement science and technology.

人工受体的开发在测量科学和技术领域具有重要意义。由于天然受体的成本仍然很高,而且难以储存,因此对天然受体的稳健版本的需求日益受到关注。在分析化学领域,一些成熟的人工受体包括肽聚体、印迹聚合物和纳米酶。最近,有机化学家发现了一个新的方向,他们可以合成稳健的、基于活性的、具有目标分析物人工受体特性的自惰性有机分子。专门设计的触发分子可植入选择性和灵敏度。这些潜在的电化学氧化还原底物高度稳定、可大规模生产、价格低廉且环保。将氧化还原底物与电化学技术的优点相结合,是开创人工受体新方向的良机。本综述概述了电化学氧化还原底物的设计、解剖、优点和生物传感潜力。正确理解分子设计可以开发出新型自惰性氧化还原分子库,这将对测量科学和技术产生巨大影响。
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引用次数: 0
Lipid Isobaric Mass Tagging for Enhanced Relative Quantification of Unsaturated sn-Positional Isomers 脂质等位质量标记用于增强不饱和 sn 位异构体的相对定量
Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Pub Date : 2024-01-11 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00062
Tingyuan Yang, Shuli Tang, Jiaxin Feng and Xin Yan*, 

Changes in the levels of lipid sn-positional isomers are associated with perturbation of the physiological environment within the biological system. Consequently, knowing the concentrations of these lipids holds significant importance for unraveling their involvement in disease diagnosis and pathological mechanisms. However, existing methods for lipid quantification often fall short in accuracy due to the structural diversity and isomeric forms of lipids. To address this challenge, we have developed an aziridine-based isobaric tag labeling strategy that allows (i) differentiation and (ii) enhanced relative quantification of lipid sn-positional isomers from distinct samples in a single run. The methodology enabled by aziridination, isobaric tag labeling, and lithiation has been applied to various phospholipids, enabling the determination of the sn-positions of fatty acyl chains and enhanced relative quantification. The analysis of Escherichia coli lipid extracts demonstrated the enhanced determination of the concentration ratios of lipid isomers by measuring the intensity ratios of mass reporters released from sn-positional diagnostic ions. Moreover, we applied the method to the analysis of human colon cancer plasma. Intriguingly, 17 PC lipid sn-positional isomers were identified and quantified simultaneously, and among them, 7 showed significant abundance changes in the colon cancer plasma, which can be used as potential plasma markers for diagnosis of human colon cancer.

脂质 Sn 位异构体水平的变化与生物系统内生理环境的干扰有关。因此,了解这些脂质的浓度对于揭示它们在疾病诊断和病理机制中的参与具有重要意义。然而,由于脂质的结构多样性和异构形式,现有的脂质定量方法往往不够准确。为了应对这一挑战,我们开发了一种基于氮丙啶的异构体标签标记策略,可在一次运行中(i)区分和(ii)增强来自不同样本的脂质 Sn-位置异构体的相对定量。氮丙啶化、同位标签标记和石碳酸化方法已应用于多种磷脂,可确定脂肪酰基链的 sn 位置并提高相对定量。对大肠杆菌脂质提取物的分析表明,通过测量 Sn 位置诊断离子释放的质量报告强度比,可以更好地确定脂质异构体的浓度比。此外,我们还将该方法应用于人类结肠癌血浆的分析。有趣的是,我们同时鉴定并定量了17种PC脂质sn-定位异构体,其中7种在结肠癌血浆中显示出显著的丰度变化,可作为诊断人类结肠癌的潜在血浆标记物。
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引用次数: 0
Identification of Different Classes of VOCs Based on Optical Emission Spectra Using a Dielectric Barrier Helium Plasma Coupled with a Mini Spectrometer 根据光学发射光谱识别不同类别的挥发性有机化合物--使用介质屏障氦等离子体与微型光谱仪耦合
Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00066
Jingqin Mao, Yahya Atwa, Zhenxun Wu, David McNeill and Hamza Shakeel*, 

In this study, a micro helium dielectric barrier discharge (μHDBD) plasma device fabricated using 3D printing and molding techniques was coupled with a mini spectrometer to detect and identify different classes of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using optical emission spectrometry (OES). We tested 11 VOCs belonging to three different classes (straight-chain alkanes, aromatics, and polar organic compounds). Our results clearly demonstrate that the optical emission spectra of different classes of VOCs show clear differences, and therefore, can be used for identification. Additionally, the emission spectra of VOCs with a similar structure (such as n-pentane, n-hexane, n-heptane, n-octane, and n-nonane) have similar optical emission spectrum shape. Acetone and ethanol also have similar emission wavelengths, but they show different line intensities for the same concentrations. We also found that the side-chain group of aromatics will also affect the emission spectra even though they have a similar structure (all have a benzene ring). Moreover, our μHDBD-OES system can also identify multiple compounds in VOC mixtures. Our work also demonstrates the possibility of identifying different classes of VOCs by the OES shape.

在这项研究中,利用三维打印和成型技术制造的微型氦介质阻挡放电(μHDBD)等离子体装置与微型光谱仪相结合,使用光学发射光谱法(OES)检测和识别不同类别的挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)。我们测试了属于三个不同类别(直链烷烃、芳烃和极性化合物)的 11 种挥发性有机化合物。我们的结果清楚地表明,不同类别的挥发性有机化合物的光学发射光谱显示出明显的差异,因此可用于识别。此外,具有相似结构的挥发性有机化合物(如正戊烷、正己烷、正庚烷、正辛烷和正壬烷)的发射光谱具有相似的光学发射光谱形状。丙酮和乙醇也具有相似的发射波长,但在浓度相同的情况下,它们显示出不同的线强度。我们还发现,芳烃的侧链基团也会影响发射光谱,尽管它们具有相似的结构(都有一个苯环)。此外,我们的 μHDBD-OES 系统还能识别挥发性有机化合物混合物中的多种化合物。我们的工作还证明了通过 OES 形状识别不同类别挥发性有机化合物的可能性。
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引用次数: 0
Automated Analysis of Extracellular Matrix Invasion of Cancer Cells from Tumor Spheroids 肿瘤球状体细胞外基质侵袭癌细胞的自动化分析
Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Pub Date : 2023-12-28 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00064
Jacob Heiss,  and , Hossein Tavana*, 

The main cause of mortality among cancer patients is metastatic disease. Metastasis develops from cancer cells that invade the stromal tissue and intravasate the circulatory or lymphatic systems to eventually form new tumors in other organs. Blocking cancer cell invasion can potentially prevent or reduce the metastatic progression of cancers. Testing different chemical compounds against cell invasion in three-dimensional cultures is a common laboratory technique. The efficacy of the treatments is often evaluated from confocal microscopic images of the cells using image processing. However, the analysis approaches are often subject to variations and inconsistencies due to user decisions that must be made while processing each image. To overcome this limitation, we developed a fully automated method to quantify the invasion of cancer cells from a 3D tumor spheroid into the surrounding extracellular matrix. We demonstrated that this method resolves cell invasion from spheroids of different shapes and sizes and from cells that invade as a cluster or individually. We also showed that this approach can help quantify the dose-dependent anti-invasive effects of a commonly used chemotherapy drug. Our automated method significantly reduces the time and increases the consistency and accuracy of cancer cell invasion analysis in three-dimensional cultures.

癌症患者死亡的主要原因是转移性疾病。癌细胞侵入基质组织并侵入循环系统或淋巴系统,最终在其他器官形成新的肿瘤,这就是转移。阻止癌细胞入侵有可能预防或减少癌症的转移。在三维培养物中测试不同化合物对细胞侵袭的作用是一种常见的实验室技术。通常使用图像处理技术,通过共聚焦显微镜下的细胞图像来评估治疗效果。然而,由于用户在处理每张图像时必须做出决定,因此分析方法往往会出现差异和不一致。为了克服这一局限性,我们开发了一种全自动方法,用于量化癌细胞从三维肿瘤球体侵入周围细胞外基质的情况。我们证明,这种方法可以分辨不同形状和大小的球体中的细胞侵袭,以及细胞以集群或单个形式的侵袭。我们还证明,这种方法有助于量化一种常用化疗药物的剂量依赖性抗侵袭效果。我们的自动化方法大大缩短了时间,提高了三维培养物中癌细胞侵袭分析的一致性和准确性。
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引用次数: 0
Tuning the Chemical and Electrochemical Properties of Paper-Based Carbon Electrodes by Pyrolysis of Polydopamine 通过热解多聚多巴胺调节纸基碳电极的化学和电化学性质
Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Pub Date : 2023-12-15 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00063
Jaqueline F. Rocha, Julia C. de Oliveira, Jefferson Bettini, Mathias Strauss, Guilherme S. Selmi, Anderson K. Okazaki, Rafael F. de Oliveira, Renato S. Lima and Murilo Santhiago*, 

Electrochemical paper-based analytical devices represent an important platform for portable, low-cost, affordable, and decentralized diagnostics. For this kind of application, chemical functionalization plays a pivotal role to ensure high clinical performance by tuning surface properties and the area of electrodes. However, controlling different surface properties of electrodes by using a single functionalization route is still challenging. In this work, we attempted to tune the wettability, chemical composition, and electroactive area of carbon-paper-based devices by thermally treating polydopamine (PDA) at different temperatures. PDA films were deposited onto pyrolyzed paper (PP) electrodes and thermally treated in the range of 300–1000 °C. After deposition of PDA, the surface is rich in nitrogen and oxygen, it is superhydrophilic, and it has a high electroactive area. As the temperature increases, the surface becomes hydrophobic, and the electroactive area decreases. The surface modifications were followed by Raman, X-ray photoelectron microscopy (XPS), laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), contact angle, scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS), electrical measurements, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and electrochemical experiments. In addition, the chemical composition of nitrogen species can be tuned on the surface. As a proof of concept, we employed PDA-treated surfaces to anchor [AuCl4] ions. After electrochemical reduction, we observed that it is possible to control the size of the nanoparticles on the surface. Our route opens a new avenue to add versatility to electrochemical interfaces in the field of paper-based electrochemical biosensors.

基于电化学纸的分析设备是便携式、低成本、经济实惠和分散诊断的重要平台。在这类应用中,化学功能化起着关键作用,可通过调整电极的表面特性和面积来确保高临床性能。然而,通过单一的功能化途径来控制电极的不同表面特性仍具有挑战性。在这项工作中,我们尝试通过在不同温度下对聚多巴胺(PDA)进行热处理来调节碳纸基器件的润湿性、化学成分和电活性面积。在热解纸(PP)电极上沉积 PDA 薄膜,并在 300-1000 °C 范围内进行热处理。PDA 沉积后,表面富含氮和氧,具有超亲水性和较高的电活性面积。随着温度的升高,表面变得疏水,电活性面积减小。拉曼、X 射线光电子显微镜(XPS)、激光扫描共聚焦显微镜(LSCM)、接触角、扫描电子显微镜(SEM-EDS)、电学测量、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和电化学实验对表面改性进行了跟踪研究。此外,氮物种的化学成分也可以在表面进行调整。作为概念验证,我们使用 PDA 处理过的表面来锚定 [AuCl4]- 离子。电化学还原后,我们观察到可以控制表面纳米粒子的大小。我们的方法开辟了一条新途径,为纸基电化学生物传感器领域的电化学界面增添了多功能性。
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引用次数: 0
Technical Evaluation of a Paper-Based Electrochemical Strip to Measure Nitrite Ions in the Forensic Field 在法医领域测量亚硝酸盐离子的纸质电化学条的技术评估
Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Pub Date : 2023-12-12 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00050
Ada Raucci, Antonella Miglione, Wanda Cimmino, Alessia Cioffi, Sima Singh, Michele Spinelli, Angela Amoresano, Giacomo Musile* and Stefano Cinti*, 

Nitrite is a compound used as a food additive for its preservative action and coloring capability, as well as an industrial agent for its antifreezing action and for preventing corrosion, and it is also used as a pharmaceutical in cyanide detoxification therapy. However, even recently, because of its high toxicity, it has been used as a murder and suicidal agent due to its affordability and ready availability. In this technical report, we describe an electrochemical paper-based device for selectively determining nitrite in complex biofluids, such as blood, cadaveric blood, vitreous humor, serum, plasma, and urine. The approach was validated in terms of the linearity of response, selectivity, and sensitivity, and the accuracy of the determination was verified by comparing the results with a chromatographic instrumental method. A linear response was observed in the micromolar range; the sensitivity of the method expressed as the limit of detection was 0.4 μM in buffer measurements. The simplicity of use, the portability of the device, and the performance shown make the approach suitable for detecting nitrite in complex biofluids, including contexts of forensic interest, such as murders or suicides in which nitrite is used as a toxic agent. Limits of detection of ca. 1, 2, 4, 5, 3, and 4 μM were obtained in vitreous humor, urine, serum and plasma, blood, and cadaveric blood, also highlighting a satisfactory accuracy comprised between 91 and 112%.

亚硝酸盐是一种化合物,可用作食品添加剂,具有防腐和着色作用,也可用作工业制剂,具有防冻和防腐蚀作用,还可用作氰化物解毒疗法的药物。不过,由于其毒性较强,最近还因其价格低廉、随时可用而被用作谋杀和自杀的毒剂。在本技术报告中,我们介绍了一种基于电化学纸的装置,用于选择性地测定复杂生物流体(如血液、尸体血液、玻璃体、血清、血浆和尿液)中的亚硝酸盐。该方法在反应线性、选择性和灵敏度方面都得到了验证,并通过与色谱仪器方法进行比较,验证了测定的准确性。在微摩尔范围内观察到了线性响应;在缓冲液测量中,该方法的灵敏度以检测限表示为 0.4 μM。该方法使用简单,设备便于携带,而且性能良好,因此适用于检测复杂生物流体中的亚硝酸盐,包括法医感兴趣的情况,如亚硝酸盐被用作毒剂的谋杀或自杀事件。在玻璃体、尿液、血清和血浆、血液以及尸体血液中的检测限分别为 1、2、4、5、3 和 4 μM,准确率在 91% 到 112% 之间,令人满意。
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引用次数: 0
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ACS Measurement Science Au
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