ACS Measurement Science Au最新文献_第2页

Optimizing Solid Microneedle Design: A Comprehensive ML-Augmented DOE Approach 优化固体微针设计：综合 ML 增强 DOE 方法

Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

ACS Measurement Science Au

Pub Date : 2024-08-06 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.4c00021

Ahmed Choukri Abdullah, Erfan Ahmadinejad, Savas Tasoglu

Microneedles (MNs), that is, a matrix of micrometer-scale needles, have diverse applications in drug delivery, skincare therapy, and health monitoring. MNs offer a minimally invasive alternative to hypodermic needles, characterized by rapid and painless procedures, cost-effective fabrication methods, and reduced tissue damage. This study explores four MN designs, cone-shaped, tapered cone-shaped, pyramidal with a square base, and pyramidal with a triangular-shaped base, and their optimization based on predefined criteria. The workflow encompasses three loading conditions: compressive load during insertion, critical buckling load, and bending loading resulting from incorrect insertion. Geometric parameters such as base radius/width, tip radius/width, height, and tapered angle tip influence the output criteria, namely, total deformation, critical buckling loads, factor of safety (FOS), and bending stress. The comprehensive framework employing a design of experiment approach within the ANSYS workbench toolbox establishes a mathematical model and a response surface fitting model. The resulting regression model, sensitivity chart, and response curve are used to create a multiobjective optimization problem that helps achieve an optimized MN geometrical design across the introduced four shapes, integrating machine learning (ML) techniques. This study contributes valuable insights into a potential ML-augmented optimization framework for MNs via needle designs to stay durable for various physiologically relevant conditions.

微针（MNs），即由微米级针头组成的矩阵，在给药、护肤治疗和健康监测方面有多种应用。微针是皮下注射针的微创替代品，其特点是操作过程快速、无痛，制造方法成本低，并能减少对组织的损伤。本研究探讨了四种 MN 设计，即锥形、锥形锥体、带方形底座的金字塔形和带三角形底座的金字塔形，并根据预定义标准对其进行了优化。工作流程包括三种加载条件：插入时的压缩载荷、临界屈曲载荷以及错误插入导致的弯曲载荷。基座半径/宽度、顶端半径/宽度、高度和锥角顶端等几何参数会影响输出标准，即总变形、临界屈曲载荷、安全系数（FOS）和弯曲应力。在 ANSYS 工作台工具箱中采用实验设计方法的综合框架建立了一个数学模型和响应面拟合模型。由此产生的回归模型、灵敏度图和响应曲线被用于创建一个多目标优化问题，通过整合机器学习 (ML) 技术，帮助实现对所引入的四种形状的 MN 几何设计进行优化。这项研究为通过针头设计实现 MN 的潜在 ML 增强优化框架提供了宝贵的见解，以便在各种生理相关条件下保持耐用性。

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引用次数: 0

Cross-Species Applications of Peptide Substrate Reporters to Quantitative Measurements of Kinase Activity 多肽底物报告器在激酶活性定量测量中的跨物种应用

Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

ACS Measurement Science Au

Pub Date : 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.4c00030

Mengqi Jonathan Fan, Misha Mehra, Kunwei Yang, Rahuljeet S. Chadha, Sababa Anber, Michelle L. Kovarik

Peptide substrate reporters are short chains of amino acids designed to act as substrates for enzymes of interest. Combined with capillary electrophoresis and laser-induced fluorescence detection (CE-LIF), they are powerful molecular tools for quantitative measurements of enzyme activity even at the level of single cells. Although most peptide substrate reporters have been optimized for human or murine cells in health-related applications, their performance in nonmammalian organisms remains largely unexplored. In this study, we evaluated three peptide substrate reporters for protein kinase B (PKB) in two eukaryotic microbes, Dictyostelium discoideum and Tetrahymena thermophila, which are evolutionarily distant from mammals and from each other yet express PKB homologues. All three peptide substrate reporters were phosphorylated in lysates from both organisms but with varying phosphorylation kinetics and stability. To demonstrate reporter utility, we used one to screen for and identify the previously unknown stimulus needed to activate PHK5, the PKB homologue in T. thermophila. In D. discoideum, we employed the highly quantitative nature of these assays using CE-LIF to make precise measurements of PKB activity in response to transient stimulation, drug treatment, and genetic mutation. These results underscore the broad applicability of peptide substrate reporters across diverse species while highlighting the need for further research to determine effective peptide stabilization strategies across different biological contexts.

多肽底物报告物是由氨基酸组成的短链，可作为相关酶的底物。它们与毛细管电泳和激光诱导荧光检测（CE-LIF）相结合，是即使在单细胞水平上也能定量测量酶活性的强大分子工具。虽然大多数肽底物报告物都已针对人类或鼠类细胞的健康相关应用进行了优化，但它们在非哺乳动物中的性能在很大程度上仍未得到探索。在这项研究中，我们评估了两种真核微生物--盘基竹荪（Dictyostelium discoideum）和嗜热四膜虫（Tetrahymena thermophila）--中蛋白激酶 B（PKB）的三种多肽底物报告物。在这两种生物的裂解液中，所有三种肽底物报告物都发生了磷酸化，但磷酸化动力学和稳定性各不相同。为了证明报告物的效用，我们用其中一种报告物筛选并确定了激活嗜热菌中 PKB 同源物 PHK5 所需的未知刺激。在 Discoideum 中，我们利用 CE-LIF 这些检测方法的高度定量性，精确测量了 PKB 在瞬时刺激、药物治疗和基因突变下的活性。这些结果凸显了多肽底物报告物在不同物种中的广泛适用性，同时也强调了在不同生物环境中确定有效多肽稳定策略的进一步研究的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Waveform Optimization for the In Vitro Detection of Caffeic Acid by Fast-Scan Cyclic Voltammetry 快速扫描循环伏安法体外检测咖啡酸的波形优化

Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

ACS Measurement Science Au

Pub Date : 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.4c00029

Joseph N. Tonn, Richard B. Keithley

Caffeic acid is a polyphenol of critical importance in plants, involved in a variety of physiological processes including lignin formation, cellular growth, stress response, and external signaling. This small molecule also acts as a powerful antioxidant and thus has therapeutic potential for a variety of health conditions. Traditional methods of detecting caffeic acid lack appropriate temporal resolution to monitor real time concentration changes on a subsecond time scale with nM detection limits. Here we report on the first usage of fast-scan cyclic voltammetry with carbon fiber microelectrodes for the detection of caffeic acid. Through the use of flow injection analysis, the optimal waveform for its detection under acidic conditions at a scan rate of 400 V/s was determined to be sawtooth-shaped, from 0 to 1.4 to −0.4 to 0 V. Signal was linear with concentration up to 1 μM with a sensitivity of 44.8 ± 1.3 nA/μM and a detection limit of 2.3 ± 0.2 nM. The stability of its detection was exceptional, with an average of 0.96% relative standard deviation across 32 consecutive injections. This waveform was also successful in detecting other catechol-based plant antioxidants including 5-chlorogenic acid, oleuropein, rosmarinic acid, chicoric acid, and caffeic acid phenethyl ester. Finally, we show the successful use of fast-scan cyclic voltammetry in monitoring the degradation of caffeic acid by polyphenol oxidase on a subsecond time scale via a novel modification of a Ramsson cell. This work demonstrates that fast-scan cyclic voltammetry can be used to successfully monitor real-time dynamic changes in the concentrations of catechol-containing plant polyphenols.

咖啡酸是一种对植物至关重要的多酚，参与木质素形成、细胞生长、应激反应和外部信号传递等多种生理过程。这种小分子还具有强大的抗氧化作用，因此对多种健康状况具有治疗潜力。传统的咖啡酸检测方法缺乏适当的时间分辨率，无法监测亚秒级的实时浓度变化，检测极限为 nM。在此，我们报告了首次使用碳纤维微电极快速扫描循环伏安法检测咖啡酸的情况。通过使用流动注射分析法，确定了在酸性条件下以 400 V/s 的扫描速率检测咖啡酸的最佳波形为锯齿形，从 0 到 1.4 到 -0.4 到 0 V。其检测稳定性极佳，连续 32 次注射的平均相对标准偏差为 0.96%。该波形还能成功检测其他儿茶酚类植物抗氧化剂，包括 5-氯原酸、油菜素、迷迭香酸、菊苣酸和咖啡酸苯乙酯。最后，我们展示了快速扫描循环伏安法的成功应用，通过对拉姆森电池的新颖改造，在亚秒级时间内监测多酚氧化酶对咖啡酸的降解。这项工作表明，快速扫描循环伏安法可用于成功监测含儿茶酚植物多酚浓度的实时动态变化。

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引用次数: 0

Scanning Gas Diffusion Electrode Setup for Real-Time Analysis of Catalyst Layers 用于实时分析催化剂层的扫描气体扩散电极装置

Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

ACS Measurement Science Au

Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.4c00018

Ina Reichmann, Vicent Lloret, Konrad Ehelebe, Pascal Lauf, Ken Jenewein, Karl J. J. Mayrhofer, Serhiy Cherevko

The scanning gas diffusion electrode (S-GDE) half-cell is introduced as a new tool to improve the evaluation of electrodes used in electrochemical energy conversion technologies. It allows both fast screening and fundamental studies of real catalyst layers by applying coupled mass spectrometry techniques such as inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and online gas mass spectrometry. Hence, the proposed setup overcomes the limitations of aqueous model systems and full cell-level studies, bridging the gap between the two approaches. In this proof-of-concept work, standard fuel cell electrodes are investigated at elevated oxygen reduction reaction current densities, while dissolved Pt^x+ ions in the electrolyte and gaseous CO₂ in the outlet gas stream are detected to track platinum dissolution and carbon corrosion, respectively. Relevant current densities of up to 0.75 A cm^–2 are demonstrated. The electrochemically active surface area, oxygen reduction reaction activity, and Pt dissolution rates are quantified and benchmarked to the values obtained in the conventional stationary GDE half-cell. Moreover, it is found that Pt dissolution is suppressed when O₂ is purged into the catalyst layer. Overall, this work demonstrates the feasibility of fast fuel cell electrode screening obtaining, complementary to electrochemical, mass spectrometry data necessary in fundamental studies on structure/performance relationships under actual reaction conditions. While Pt/C, in relevance to its fuel cell application, is used in this study, the proposed setup can be applied in water electrolysis, CO₂ conversion, metal-air batteries, and other neighbor technologies.

扫描气体扩散电极（S-GDE）半电池是改进电化学能量转换技术中所用电极评估的一种新工具。它通过应用电感耦合等离子体质谱法和在线气体质谱法等耦合质谱技术，实现了对真实催化剂层的快速筛选和基础研究。因此，拟议的装置克服了水模型系统和完整细胞级研究的局限性，弥补了这两种方法之间的差距。在这项概念验证工作中，研究人员在较高的氧还原反应电流密度下对标准燃料电池电极进行了研究，同时检测了电解液中溶解的铂x+离子和出口气流中的气态二氧化碳，以分别跟踪铂溶解和碳腐蚀情况。相关的电流密度高达 0.75 A cm-2。对电化学活性表面积、氧还原反应活性和铂溶解速率进行了量化，并与传统固定式 GDE 半电池中获得的数值进行了比较。此外，研究还发现，当 O2 进入催化剂层时，铂的溶解会受到抑制。总之，这项工作证明了燃料电池电极快速筛选的可行性，除了电化学数据外，还能获得在实际反应条件下进行结构/性能关系基础研究所需的质谱数据。本研究中使用的 Pt/C 与燃料电池的应用相关，但所建议的设置可用于水电解、二氧化碳转化、金属空气电池和其他邻近技术。

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引用次数: 0

Impedimetric Measurement of Exchange Currents and Ionic Diffusion Coefficients in Individual Pseudocapacitive Nanoparticles 单个伪电容纳米粒子中交换电流和离子扩散系数的浸渍测量法

Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

ACS Measurement Science Au

Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.4c00017

Brian Roehrich, Lior Sepunaru

Among electroanalytical techniques, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) offers the unique advantage of a high degree of frequency resolution. This enables EIS to readily deconvolute between the capacitive, resistive, and diffusional processes that underlie electrochemical devices. Here, we report the measurement of impedance spectra of individual, pseudocapacitive nanoparticles. We chose Prussian blue as our model system, as it couples an electron-transfer reaction with sodium ion intercalation─processes which, while intrinsically convoluted, can be readily resolved using EIS. We used a scanning electrochemical cell microscope (SECCM) to isolate single Prussian blue particles in a microdroplet and measured their impedance spectra using the multi-sine, fast Fourier transform technique. In doing so, we were able to extract the exchange current density and sodium ion diffusivity for each particle, which respectively inform on their electronic and ionic conductivities. Surprisingly, these parameters vary by over an order of magnitude between particles and are not correlated to particle size nor to each other. The implication of this apparent heterogeneity is that in a hypothetical battery cathode, one active particle may transfer electrons 10 times faster than its neighbor; another may suffer from sluggish sodium ion transport and have restricted charging rate capabilities compared to a better-performing particle elsewhere in the same electrode. Our results inform on this intrinsic heterogeneity while demonstrating the utility of EIS in future single-particle studies.

在电分析技术中，电化学阻抗光谱（EIS）具有频率分辨率高的独特优势。这使得电化学阻抗能谱仪能够轻松地分解电化学装置的电容、电阻和扩散过程。在此，我们报告了对单个伪电容纳米粒子阻抗谱的测量结果。我们选择普鲁士蓝作为我们的模型系统，因为它将电子转移反应与钠离子插层--过程耦合在一起，虽然本质上是复杂的，但使用 EIS 可以很容易地解决。我们使用扫描电化学电池显微镜（SECCM）分离微滴中的单个普鲁士蓝颗粒，并使用多正弦快速傅立叶变换技术测量它们的阻抗谱。在此过程中，我们提取了每个粒子的交换电流密度和钠离子扩散率，它们分别说明了粒子的电子导电性和离子导电性。令人惊讶的是，这些参数在不同颗粒之间的差异超过一个数量级，而且与颗粒大小或相互之间没有关联。这种明显的异质性意味着，在一个假想的电池阴极中，一个活性粒子的电子传输速度可能比其相邻粒子快 10 倍；而另一个活性粒子则可能因钠离子传输迟缓而受到影响，与同一电极中其他地方性能更好的粒子相比，其充电速率能力受到限制。我们的研究结果揭示了这种内在异质性，同时证明了 EIS 在未来单颗粒研究中的实用性。

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引用次数: 0

Impedimetric Measurement of Exchange Currents and Ionic Diffusion Coefficients in Individual Pseudocapacitive Nanoparticles 单个伪电容纳米粒子中交换电流和离子扩散系数的浸渍测量法

IF 4.6 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

ACS Measurement Science Au

Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.4c0001710.1021/acsmeasuresciau.4c00017

Brian Roehrich, and , Lior Sepunaru*,

Among electroanalytical techniques, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) offers the unique advantage of a high degree of frequency resolution. This enables EIS to readily deconvolute between the capacitive, resistive, and diffusional processes that underlie electrochemical devices. Here, we report the measurement of impedance spectra of individual, pseudocapacitive nanoparticles. We chose Prussian blue as our model system, as it couples an electron-transfer reaction with sodium ion intercalation─processes which, while intrinsically convoluted, can be readily resolved using EIS. We used a scanning electrochemical cell microscope (SECCM) to isolate single Prussian blue particles in a microdroplet and measured their impedance spectra using the multi-sine, fast Fourier transform technique. In doing so, we were able to extract the exchange current density and sodium ion diffusivity for each particle, which respectively inform on their electronic and ionic conductivities. Surprisingly, these parameters vary by over an order of magnitude between particles and are not correlated to particle size nor to each other. The implication of this apparent heterogeneity is that in a hypothetical battery cathode, one active particle may transfer electrons 10 times faster than its neighbor; another may suffer from sluggish sodium ion transport and have restricted charging rate capabilities compared to a better-performing particle elsewhere in the same electrode. Our results inform on this intrinsic heterogeneity while demonstrating the utility of EIS in future single-particle studies.

在电分析技术中，电化学阻抗光谱（EIS）具有频率分辨率高的独特优势。这使得电化学阻抗能谱仪能够轻松地分解电化学装置的电容、电阻和扩散过程。在此，我们报告了对单个伪电容纳米粒子阻抗谱的测量结果。我们选择普鲁士蓝作为我们的模型系统，因为它将电子转移反应与钠离子插层--过程耦合在一起，虽然本质上是复杂的，但使用 EIS 可以很容易地解决。我们使用扫描电化学电池显微镜（SECCM）分离微滴中的单个普鲁士蓝颗粒，并使用多正弦快速傅立叶变换技术测量它们的阻抗谱。在此过程中，我们提取了每个粒子的交换电流密度和钠离子扩散率，它们分别说明了粒子的电子导电性和离子导电性。令人惊讶的是，这些参数在不同颗粒之间的差异超过一个数量级，而且与颗粒大小或相互之间没有关联。这种明显的异质性意味着，在一个假想的电池阴极中，一个活性粒子的电子传输速度可能比其相邻粒子快 10 倍；而另一个活性粒子则可能因钠离子传输迟缓而受到影响，与同一电极中其他地方性能更好的粒子相比，其充电速率能力受到限制。我们的研究结果揭示了这种内在异质性，同时证明了 EIS 在未来单颗粒研究中的实用性。

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引用次数: 0

MALDI Mass Spectrometry on High-Density Droplet Arrays: Matrix Deposition, Selective Removal, and Recrystallization 高密度液滴阵列上的 MALDI 质谱分析：基质沉积、选择性去除和重结晶

Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

ACS Measurement Science Au

Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.4c00016

Simon F. Berlanda, Maximilian Breitfeld, Petra S. Dittrich

High-density droplet arrays are emerging as a powerful tool for high-throughput bioanalytical applications. These arrays are formed of thousands of nanoliter droplets, which can be analyzed by various optical and spectroscopic methods as well as label-free matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). However, special precautions are required for the massive number of small droplets, particularly in the deposition of matrix compounds. Here, we introduce a new workflow for the analytical preparation of an array comprising 6048 droplets, which significantly improves the intensity of the MALDI-MS signals. We deposited matrix compounds in a custom-made sublimation chamber followed by a recrystallization step to achieve significant signal intensity increases for three model proteins with low, medium, and large masses, respectively. Furthermore, selective removal of the matrix before recrystallization enhanced the spatial resolution and increased the signal intensity by an average of 57%. This method can be easily standardized and upscaled for the preparation of an even larger number of droplets per array for MS analysis.

高密度液滴阵列正在成为高通量生物分析应用的强大工具。这些阵列由数千个纳升液滴组成，可通过各种光学和光谱方法以及无标记基质辅助激光解吸电离质谱（MALDI-MS）进行分析。然而，对于大量的小液滴，尤其是基质化合物的沉积，需要采取特别的预防措施。在此，我们介绍了一种新的工作流程，用于分析制备由 6048 个液滴组成的阵列，从而显著提高 MALDI-MS 信号的强度。我们在定制的升华室中沉积基质化合物，然后进行重结晶步骤，从而使三种低、中、大质量的模型蛋白质的信号强度分别得到显著提高。此外，在重结晶前选择性地去除基质可提高空间分辨率，并使信号强度平均提高 57%。这种方法可以很容易地标准化和升级，以便为质谱分析制备每个阵列中更多的液滴。

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引用次数: 0

Comprehensive Overview of Bottom-Up Proteomics Using Mass Spectrometry 利用质谱技术进行自下而上蛋白质组学研究的全面概述

Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

ACS Measurement Science Au

Pub Date : 2024-06-04 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00068

Yuming Jiang, Devasahayam Arokia Balaya Rex, Dina Schuster, Benjamin A. Neely, Germán L. Rosano, Norbert Volkmar, Amanda Momenzadeh, Trenton M. Peters-Clarke, Susan B. Egbert, Simion Kreimer, Emma H. Doud, Oliver M. Crook, Amit Kumar Yadav, Muralidharan Vanuopadath, Adrian D. Hegeman, Martín L. Mayta, Anna G. Duboff, Nicholas M. Riley, Robert L. Moritz, Jesse G. Meyer

Proteomics is the large scale study of protein structure and function from biological systems through protein identification and quantification. “Shotgun proteomics” or “bottom-up proteomics” is the prevailing strategy, in which proteins are hydrolyzed into peptides that are analyzed by mass spectrometry. Proteomics studies can be applied to diverse studies ranging from simple protein identification to studies of proteoforms, protein-protein interactions, protein structural alterations, absolute and relative protein quantification, post-translational modifications, and protein stability. To enable this range of different experiments, there are diverse strategies for proteome analysis. The nuances of how proteomic workflows differ may be challenging to understand for new practitioners. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of different proteomics methods. We cover from biochemistry basics and protein extraction to biological interpretation and orthogonal validation. We expect this Review will serve as a handbook for researchers who are new to the field of bottom-up proteomics.

蛋白质组学是通过蛋白质鉴定和定量，对生物系统中的蛋白质结构和功能进行大规模研究。"散弹枪蛋白质组学 "或 "自下而上的蛋白质组学 "是目前流行的研究策略，即把蛋白质水解成肽段，然后用质谱仪进行分析。蛋白质组学研究可应用于多种研究，从简单的蛋白质鉴定到蛋白质形态、蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用、蛋白质结构改变、蛋白质绝对和相对定量、翻译后修饰和蛋白质稳定性等研究。为了开展这些不同的实验，蛋白质组分析采用了多种策略。对于新手来说，要理解蛋白质组工作流程的细微差别可能具有挑战性。在此，我们将全面介绍不同的蛋白质组学方法。我们将从生物化学基础知识、蛋白质提取、生物学解释和正交验证等方面进行阐述。我们希望这篇综述能成为自下而上蛋白质组学领域新手研究人员的手册。

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引用次数: 0

Comprehensive Overview of Bottom-Up Proteomics Using Mass Spectrometry 利用质谱技术进行自下而上蛋白质组学研究的全面概述

IF 4.6 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

ACS Measurement Science Au

Pub Date : 2024-06-04 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c0006810.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00068

Yuming Jiang, Devasahayam Arokia Balaya Rex, Dina Schuster, Benjamin A. Neely, Germán L. Rosano, Norbert Volkmar, Amanda Momenzadeh, Trenton M. Peters-Clarke, Susan B. Egbert, Simion Kreimer, Emma H. Doud, Oliver M. Crook, Amit Kumar Yadav, Muralidharan Vanuopadath, Adrian D. Hegeman, Martín L. Mayta, Anna G. Duboff, Nicholas M. Riley, Robert L. Moritz and Jesse G. Meyer*,

Proteomics is the large scale study of protein structure and function from biological systems through protein identification and quantification. “Shotgun proteomics” or “bottom-up proteomics” is the prevailing strategy, in which proteins are hydrolyzed into peptides that are analyzed by mass spectrometry. Proteomics studies can be applied to diverse studies ranging from simple protein identification to studies of proteoforms, protein-protein interactions, protein structural alterations, absolute and relative protein quantification, post-translational modifications, and protein stability. To enable this range of different experiments, there are diverse strategies for proteome analysis. The nuances of how proteomic workflows differ may be challenging to understand for new practitioners. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of different proteomics methods. We cover from biochemistry basics and protein extraction to biological interpretation and orthogonal validation. We expect this Review will serve as a handbook for researchers who are new to the field of bottom-up proteomics.

蛋白质组学是通过蛋白质鉴定和定量，对生物系统中的蛋白质结构和功能进行大规模研究。"散弹枪蛋白质组学 "或 "自下而上的蛋白质组学 "是目前流行的研究策略，即把蛋白质水解成肽段，然后用质谱仪进行分析。蛋白质组学研究可应用于多种研究，从简单的蛋白质鉴定到蛋白质形态、蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用、蛋白质结构改变、蛋白质绝对和相对定量、翻译后修饰和蛋白质稳定性等研究。为了开展这些不同的实验，蛋白质组分析采用了多种策略。对于新手来说，要理解蛋白质组工作流程的细微差别可能具有挑战性。在此，我们将全面介绍不同的蛋白质组学方法。我们将从生物化学基础知识、蛋白质提取、生物学解释和正交验证等方面进行阐述。我们希望这篇综述能成为自下而上蛋白质组学领域新手研究人员的手册。

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引用次数: 0

Underestimation of the Complexity of Kd Determination: Causes, Implications, and Ways to Improve 低估 Kd 测定的复杂性：原因、影响和改进方法

Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

ACS Measurement Science Au

Pub Date : 2024-05-22 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.4c00023

Sergey N. Krylov*,

引用次数: 0