Pub Date : 2024-07-17DOI: 10.14422/ryf.vol288.i1464.y2024.010
Hana Ayala
Evolution transcends the natural world, oblivious to political borders. It is at the transnational scale of Earth’s evolutionary heritage where transformative scientific discoveries await. These discoveries’ potential to bolster environmental health and resilience by unmasking the most consequential evolutionary trajectories is increasingly coming to light. However, overlooked is a borderless mega-reserve of wonder unearthed along these trajectories and begging to be recognized and harnessed as an unmatched resource for charting a global pathway into a sustainable future. The article backs this assertion with a business model designed to engender a new-generation world travel industry that opens transnational frontiers for the confluence of science-, art-, and faith-based appreciation and guardianship of nature. This model reinforces with economic energy the inspiration it has drawn from Francisco J. Ayala’s engagement of art to bridge evolution, creativity, and the future of humanity, and from his treatment of science and religion as complementary windows into human understanding of the world.
进化超越自然世界，无视政治边界。正是在地球进化遗产的跨国范围内，等待着变革性的科学发现。这些发现揭示了最重要的进化轨迹，具有促进环境健康和复原力的潜力，正日益为人们所认识。然而，人们却忽视了沿着这些轨迹发掘出来的无边界的巨型奇观宝藏，它们亟待被认识和利用，作为无与伦比的资源来规划全球通往可持续未来的道路。为了支持这一论断，文章提出了一种商业模式，旨在打造新一代的世界旅游业，为科学、艺术和信仰对自然的欣赏和守护开辟跨国疆域。弗朗西斯科-J-阿亚拉（Francisco J. Ayala）将艺术与进化、创造力和人类未来联系在一起，并将科学和宗教作为人类了解世界的互补窗口。
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Pub Date : 2024-07-17DOI: 10.14422/ryf.vol288.i1464.y2024.005
Heslley Silva
The text recounts the author’s remarkable experience in establishing contact with Francisco José Ayala, a renowned professor, researcher, author, and philanthropist. Beginning in an unusual manner, the connection transcended the conventional boundaries of academia, dispelling the notion of inaccessibility of eminent scientists. This resulted in an interview and the publication of a letter in the Science journal, exemplifying Ayala’s generosity. The narrative highlights Ayala’s extensive contribution to the understanding of evolution, his role in issues of science and religion, and his notable philanthropy. The challenges faced during a period of collaborating in California are shared, emphasizing the consolidation of a relationship of trust. Ayala’s influence is evident in the author’s shift towards contemporary issues such as scientific misinformation and climatic themes, reflecting the enduring legacy Ayala left on his academic journey and the positive transformation in the author’s career.
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Pub Date : 2024-07-17DOI: 10.14422/ryf.vol288.i1464.y2024.003
Sara Lumbreras
{"title":"Legacy and New Horizons: What Lies Ahead for Francisco J. Ayala’s Lifework and the Center for Science, Technology, and Religion","authors":"Sara Lumbreras","doi":"10.14422/ryf.vol288.i1464.y2024.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14422/ryf.vol288.i1464.y2024.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":298045,"journal":{"name":"Razón y fe","volume":" 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141829169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-17DOI: 10.14422/ryf.vol288.i1464.y2024.009
Robert M. Hauser
{"title":"The American Philosophical Society and the History of Science","authors":"Robert M. Hauser","doi":"10.14422/ryf.vol288.i1464.y2024.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14422/ryf.vol288.i1464.y2024.009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":298045,"journal":{"name":"Razón y fe","volume":" 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141831181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-17DOI: 10.14422/ryf.vol288.i1464.y2024.006
Julius Lukeš
Francisco J. Ayala, reputado biólogo evolutivo, realizó importantes contribuciones al estudio de los protistas parásitos, en particular en los campos de la enfermedad de Chagas, la leishmaniasis y la tripanosomiasis. Sus investigaciones revelaron la estructura multiclonal de las poblaciones de Trypanosoma cruzi y las diferencias extremas de secuencia de ADN entre sus aislados, lo que fue crucial para comprender la prevención, propagación y focos naturales de la enfermedad de Chagas. Ayala y su colaborador Michel Tibayrenc formularon la Teoría Clonal de los Protozoos Parásitos, que cuestionaba la visión predominante de la recombinación sexual en estos organismos. El trabajo de Ayala sobre la leishmaniosis describió la estructura de población predominantemente clonal de los parásitos de Leishmania en todo el mundo. Además, su experiencia en biología evolutiva ayudó a resolver la confusión taxonómica en torno a Trypanosoma equiperdum y Trypanosoma evansi, apoyando la hipótesis de que son formas de Trypanosoma brucei, el agente causante de la enfermedad del sueño en África. La pasión de Ayala por el estudio de los protistas parásitos surgió de su deseo de contribuir a aliviar el sufrimiento humano causado por estas enfermedades.
弗朗西斯科-阿亚拉（Francisco J. Ayala）是著名的进化生物学家，他对寄生原生动物的研究做出了重要贡献，特别是在南美锥虫病、利什曼病和锥虫病领域。他的研究揭示了克鲁兹锥虫种群的多克隆结构及其分离株之间极端的 DNA 序列差异，这对了解恰加斯病的预防、传播和自然病灶至关重要。阿亚拉和他的合作者米歇尔-蒂贝伦克（Michel Tibayrenc）提出了 "寄生原生动物克隆理论"（Clonal Theory of Parasitic Protozoa），对这些生物中普遍存在的性重组观点提出了挑战。阿亚拉在利什曼病方面的研究描述了利什曼病寄生虫在全球的主要克隆种群结构。此外，他在进化生物学方面的专业知识帮助解决了围绕马锥虫和埃文西锥虫的分类混乱问题，支持了它们是布氏锥虫（非洲昏睡病的病原体）的形式这一假设。阿亚拉对寄生原生动物研究的热情源于他希望为减轻这些疾病给人类带来的痛苦做出贡献的愿望。
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Pub Date : 2024-07-17DOI: 10.14422/ryf.vol288.i1464.y2024.007
A. Moya, A. Latorre
Francisco J. Ayala was one of the great scholars of progress in biological evolution. For Ayala, progress consists of a net directional change in some characteristic that improves the descendants in a given lineage relative to the ancestors. This is an axiological proposal, but not at all unscientific. The traits are objective properties that can be measured in individuals, populations, or species and, ultimately, the entire evolutionary tree. Here, we develop Ayala’s ideas about progress and propose that the trait where the trend can be contrasted is probably the complexity of genomes. We also consider the need to apply statistical tests to determine whether trends, if they exist, are passive products of evolution from the simplest to the most complex or whether, on the contrary, there is directionality or a process driven, among other things, by natural selection.
弗朗西斯科-阿亚拉（Francisco J. Ayala）是研究生物进化进步的伟大学者之一。在阿亚拉看来，进步包括某种特征的净方向性变化，这种变化使某一血统中的后代相对于祖先有所改善。这是一个公理化的提议，但并非一点也不科学。这些特征是客观存在的，可以在个体、种群或物种，最终在整个进化树中进行测量。在这里，我们发展了阿亚拉关于进步的观点，并提出可以对比趋势的性状可能是基因组的复杂性。我们还考虑了应用统计检验的必要性，以确定趋势（如果存在的话）是否是从最简单到最复杂进化的被动产物，或者相反，是否存在方向性或由自然选择等因素驱动的过程。
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Pub Date : 2024-07-17DOI: 10.14422/ryf.vol288.i1464.y2024.001
Robert M. Hauser
{"title":"Francisco José Ayala and the American Philosophical Society","authors":"Robert M. Hauser","doi":"10.14422/ryf.vol288.i1464.y2024.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14422/ryf.vol288.i1464.y2024.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":298045,"journal":{"name":"Razón y fe","volume":" 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141830265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-17DOI: 10.14422/ryf.vol288.i1464.y2024.004
Jaime Tatay Nieto
{"title":"The Sacredness of Nature as a Transnational Bridge across the World’s Cultures and Religions","authors":"Jaime Tatay Nieto","doi":"10.14422/ryf.vol288.i1464.y2024.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14422/ryf.vol288.i1464.y2024.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":298045,"journal":{"name":"Razón y fe","volume":" 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141830657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-17DOI: 10.14422/ryf.vol288.i1464.y2024.008
Michael Clegg
Francisco J. Ayala fue una figura destacada en la biología evolutiva desde mediados del siglo XX hasta las dos primeras décadas del siglo XXI. El propósito de este artículo es intentar situar su obra en el contexto más amplio de la biología evolutiva y considerar brevemente sus importantes contribuciones a la filosofía de la biología, incluida la conciliación de la evolución biológica y la religión y sus escritos sobre la evolución de la ética. Otro propósito más personal es relatar su influencia en mí y en toda una generación de genetistas evolutivos. Para lograr estos dos objetivos, sitúo su obra en un contexto histórico más amplio, centrándome en sus primeros trabajos, que proporcionaron pruebas empíricas rigurosas de la hipótesis de la evolución de los genes neutros en la década de 1970. Intento dar una idea del ser humano que existe detrás de una obra increíble, además de explicar algunas de las influencias en su desarrollo.
{"title":"Francisco J. Ayala: científico, humanista y amigo","authors":"Michael Clegg","doi":"10.14422/ryf.vol288.i1464.y2024.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14422/ryf.vol288.i1464.y2024.008","url":null,"abstract":"Francisco J. Ayala fue una figura destacada en la biología evolutiva desde mediados del siglo XX hasta las dos primeras décadas del siglo XXI. El propósito de este artículo es intentar situar su obra en el contexto más amplio de la biología evolutiva y considerar brevemente sus importantes contribuciones a la filosofía de la biología, incluida la conciliación de la evolución biológica y la religión y sus escritos sobre la evolución de la ética. Otro propósito más personal es relatar su influencia en mí y en toda una generación de genetistas evolutivos. Para lograr estos dos objetivos, sitúo su obra en un contexto histórico más amplio, centrándome en sus primeros trabajos, que proporcionaron pruebas empíricas rigurosas de la hipótesis de la evolución de los genes neutros en la década de 1970. Intento dar una idea del ser humano que existe detrás de una obra increíble, además de explicar algunas de las influencias en su desarrollo.","PeriodicalId":298045,"journal":{"name":"Razón y fe","volume":" 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141829751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-17DOI: 10.14422/ryf.vol288.i1464.y2024.002
Hana Ayala
{"title":"Custodians and Stewards of Francisco J. Ayala’s Revolutionary Contributions to Human Welfare and Human Progress","authors":"Hana Ayala","doi":"10.14422/ryf.vol288.i1464.y2024.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14422/ryf.vol288.i1464.y2024.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":298045,"journal":{"name":"Razón y fe","volume":" 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141828907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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