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Hybridization of NSGA-II with greedy re-assignment for variation tolerant logic mapping on nano-scale crossbar architectures 基于贪心重分配的NSGA-II杂交方法在纳米尺度横杆结构上的容差逻辑映射
Fugui Zhong, Bo Yuan, Bin Li
There exit high variations among nano-devices in nano-electronic systems, owing to the extremely small size and the bottom-up self-assembly nanofabrication process. Therefore, it is important to develop logical function mapping techniques with the consideration of variation tolerance. In this paper, the variation tolerant logical mapping (VTLM) problem is treated as a multi-objective optimization problem (MOP), a hybridization of Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) with a problem-specific local search is presented to solve the problem. The experiment results show that with the assistance of the problem-specific local search, the presented algorithm is effective, and can find better solutions than that without the local search.
由于纳米电子系统中纳米器件的尺寸极小,且采用自下而上的自组装纳米工艺,因此纳米器件之间存在很大的差异性。因此,开发考虑变异容限的逻辑函数映射技术是非常重要的。本文将容变逻辑映射(VTLM)问题视为多目标优化问题,提出了一种非支配排序遗传算法II (NSGA-II)与问题特定局部搜索的杂交方法来解决该问题。实验结果表明,在针对特定问题的局部搜索的辅助下,所提出的算法是有效的,可以找到比不进行局部搜索更好的解。
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引用次数: 3
Learning classifier systems: a gentle introduction 学习分类器系统:一个温和的介绍
P. Lanzi
Learning Classifier Systems were introduced in the 1970s by John H. Holland as highly adaptive, cognitive systems. More than 40 years later, the introduction of Stewart W. Wilson's XCS, a highly engineered classifier system model, has transformed them into a state-of-the-art machine learning system. Learning classifier systems can effectively solve data-mining problems, reinforcement learning problems, and also cognitive, robotics control problems. In comparison to other, non-evolutionary machine learning techniques, their performance is competitive or superior, dependent on the setup and problem. Learning classifier systems can work both online and offline, they are extremely flexible, applicable to a larger range of problems, and are highly adaptive. Moreover, system knowledge can be easily extracted, visualized, or even used to focus the progressive search on particular interesting subspaces. This tutorial provides a gentle introduction to learning classifier systems and their general functionality. It then surveys the current theoretical understanding of the systems. Finally, we provide a suite of current successful LCS applications and discuss the most promising areas for future applications and research directions.
学习分类器系统是由John H. Holland在20世纪70年代引入的,是一种高度自适应的认知系统。40多年后,Stewart W. Wilson的XCS(一种高度工程化的分类器系统模型)的引入,将它们转变为最先进的机器学习系统。学习分类器系统可以有效地解决数据挖掘问题、强化学习问题以及认知、机器人控制问题。与其他非进化机器学习技术相比,它们的性能是有竞争力的还是更好的,这取决于设置和问题。学习分类器系统可以在线和离线工作,它们非常灵活,适用于更大范围的问题,并且具有高度的适应性。此外,系统知识可以很容易地提取、可视化,甚至用于将逐步搜索集中在特定感兴趣的子空间上。本教程提供了学习分类器系统及其一般功能的简单介绍。然后调查了当前对系统的理论认识。最后,我们提供了一套目前成功的LCS应用,并讨论了未来最有希望的应用领域和研究方向。
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引用次数: 3
On the interrelationships between knees and aggregate objective functions 论膝关节与集合目标函数的相互关系
P. Shukla, M. Braun, H. Schmeck
Optimizing several objectives that are often at odds with each other provides difficult challenges that are not encountered if having only one goal at hand. One intuitive way to solve a multi-objective problem is to aggregate the objectives and reformulate it as an optimization problem having just a single goal. This goal can be a designer specific aggregation of the objectives or a characterization of knees, trade-offs, utilities, stronger optimality concepts or preferences. This paper examines the theoretical relationships between two knee concepts and aggregate objective functions methods. The changes in the fitness landscape by utilizing different aggregations is also discussed.
优化几个经常相互矛盾的目标提供了困难的挑战,如果手头只有一个目标,就不会遇到这些挑战。解决多目标问题的一种直观方法是将目标聚合起来,并将其重新表述为只有一个目标的优化问题。这个目标可以是设计师特定的目标集合,也可以是膝盖、权衡、效用、更强的最优性概念或偏好的特征。本文探讨了两个膝关节概念与集合目标函数方法之间的理论关系。本文还讨论了使用不同聚合对健身环境的影响。
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引用次数: 3
Novelty-organizing classifiers applied to classification and reinforcement learning: towards flexible algorithms 应用于分类和强化学习的新颖组织分类器:走向灵活的算法
Danilo Vasconcellos Vargas, H. Takano, J. Murata
It is widely known that reinforcement learning is a more general problem than supervised learning. In fact, supervised learning can be seen as a class of reinforcement learning problems. However, only a couple of papers tested reinforcement learning algorithms in supervised learning problems. Here we propose a new and simpler way to abstract supervised learning for any reinforcement learning algorithm. Moreover, a new algorithm called Novelty-Organizing Classifiers is developed based on a Novelty Map population that focuses more on the novelty of the inputs than their frequency. A comparison of the proposed method with Self-Organizing Classifiers and BioHel on some datasets is presented. Even though BioHel is specialized in solving supervised learning problems, the results showed only a trade-off between the algorithms. Lastly, results on a maze problem validate the flexibility of the proposed algorithm beyond supervised learning problems. Thus, Novelty-Organizing Classifiers is capable of solving many supervised learning problems as well as a maze problem without changing any parameter at all. Considering the fact that no adaptation of parameters was executed, the proposed algorithm's basis seems interestingly flexible.
众所周知,强化学习是一个比监督学习更普遍的问题。事实上,监督学习可以看作是一类强化学习问题。然而,只有几篇论文在监督学习问题中测试了强化学习算法。在这里,我们提出了一种新的更简单的方法来抽象任何强化学习算法的监督学习。此外,一种新的算法被称为新颖性组织分类器是基于新颖性地图人口开发的,它更多地关注输入的新颖性而不是它们的频率。并在一些数据集上与自组织分类器和BioHel进行了比较。尽管BioHel专门解决监督式学习问题,但结果只显示了算法之间的权衡。最后,在一个迷宫问题上的结果验证了该算法超越监督学习问题的灵活性。因此,新奇组织分类器能够在不改变任何参数的情况下解决许多监督学习问题以及迷宫问题。考虑到没有执行参数的自适应,该算法的基础显得非常灵活。
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引用次数: 1
Classification and characterisation of movement patterns during levodopa therapy for parkinson's disease 左旋多巴治疗帕金森病期间运动模式的分类和特征
M. Lones, Jane Elizabeth Alty, P. Duggan-Carter, A. J. Turner, D. R. S. Jamieson, S. Smith
Parkinson's disease is a chronic neurodegenerative condition that manifests clinically with various movement disorders. These are often treated with the dopamine-replacement drug levodopa. However, the dosage of levodopa must be kept as low as possible in order to avoid the drug's side effects, such as the involuntary, and often violent, muscle spasms called dyskinesia, or levodopa-induced dyskinesia. In this paper, we investigate the use of genetic programming for training classifiers that can monitor the effectiveness of levodopa therapy. In particular, we evolve classifiers that can recognise tremor and dyskinesia, movement states that are indicative of insufficient or excessive doses of levodopa, respectively. The evolved classifiers achieve clinically useful rates of discrimination, with AUC>0.9. We also find that temporal classifiers generally out-perform spectral classifiers. By using classifiers that respond to low-level features of the data, we identify the conserved patterns of movement that are used as a basis for classification, showing how this approach can be used to characterise as well as classify abnormal movement.
帕金森病是一种慢性神经退行性疾病,临床表现为各种运动障碍。这些症状通常用多巴胺替代药物左旋多巴治疗。然而,左旋多巴的剂量必须保持在尽可能低的水平,以避免药物的副作用,如不自主的,通常是剧烈的肌肉痉挛,称为运动障碍,或左旋多巴引起的运动障碍。在本文中,我们研究了使用遗传规划来训练分类器,以监测左旋多巴治疗的有效性。特别是,我们进化了分类器,可以识别震颤和运动障碍,分别表明左旋多巴剂量不足或过量的运动状态。改进后的分类器实现了临床有用的识别率,AUC>0.9。我们还发现时间分类器通常优于光谱分类器。通过使用对数据的低级特征做出响应的分类器,我们确定了作为分类基础的运动的保守模式,展示了如何使用这种方法来表征和分类异常运动。
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引用次数: 11
Session details: Workshop: medical applications of genetic and evolutionary computation 会议详情:研讨会:遗传和进化计算的医学应用
S. Smith, S. Cagnoni, R. Patton
Welcome to MedGEC 2014 MedGEC is the GECCO Workshop on the application of genetic and evolutionary computation (GEC) to problems in medicine and healthcare. A dedicated workshop at GECCO continues to provide a much needed focus for medical related applications of evolutionary computation, not only providing a clear definition of the state of the art, but also support to practitioners for whom genetic and evolutionary computation might not be their main area of expertise or experience. The Workshop has two main aims: To provide delegates with examples of the current state of the art of applications of GEC to medicine. To provide a forum in which researchers can discuss and exchange ideas, support and advise each other in theory and practice. This is the tenth year that this Workshop has been presented at GECCO, a reflection of the continued importance of genetic and evolutionary programming to medical applications. Presentations reflect awide range of healthcare areas including: Medical Imaging and Signal Processing; Data Mining Medical Data and Patient Records; Clinical Expert Systems and Knowledge-based Systems; Modeling and Simulation of Medical Processes; and Clinical Diagnosis and Therapy. Despite this broad range of applications, there are common themes of interest that are important in achieving a successful solution to the problems addressed. One recurring theme is accessibility to reliable medical datasets to train, test and evaluate genetic and evolutionary algorithms. It is acknowledged that achieving a "Gold Standard" dataset is problematic, due to the difficulties in gaining access to patients and the reliance on conventional clinical evaluation, which is often subjective, and therefore, potentially unreliable. A second important theme is the choice of genetic and evolutionary algorithm employed, its suitability for the problem at hand and the benefits of alternate representations. The Workshop provides a knowledgeable and supportive forum in which these and other issues can be discussed. Although traditionally a venue for practitioners in genetic and evolutionary computation development, it is hoped that the Workshop will also attract a wider audience, such as medical practitioners and other healthcare professionals who have an interest in the use of evolutionary algorithms in medicine. The Workshop organizers are always receptive to suggestions for new themes, areas for discussion and new activities and can be contacted directly via email.
MedGEC是关于遗传和进化计算(GEC)在医学和医疗保健问题中的应用的GECCO研讨会。GECCO的一个专门讲习班继续为进化计算的医学相关应用提供急需的关注,不仅提供最新技术的明确定义,而且还为遗传和进化计算可能不是其主要专业知识或经验领域的从业者提供支持。讲习班有两个主要目的:向代表们提供GEC在医学上应用的最新情况的例子。为研究人员提供一个讨论和交流思想的论坛,在理论和实践上相互支持和建议。这是该讲习班在GECCO举办的第十个年头,反映了遗传和进化规划对医学应用的持续重要性。演讲反映了广泛的医疗保健领域,包括:医学成像和信号处理;医疗数据与病历的数据挖掘临床专家系统和知识系统;医学过程建模与仿真临床诊断与治疗。尽管应用范围很广,但对于成功解决所处理的问题,仍然存在一些重要的共同主题。一个反复出现的主题是获得可靠的医疗数据集来训练、测试和评估遗传和进化算法。人们承认,实现“金标准”数据集是有问题的,因为很难接触到患者,而且依赖于传统的临床评估,这往往是主观的,因此可能不可靠。第二个重要的主题是所采用的遗传和进化算法的选择,它对手头问题的适用性以及替代表示的好处。讲习班提供了一个知识渊博和支持的论坛,可以讨论这些问题和其他问题。虽然传统上是遗传和进化计算发展从业者的场所,但希望讲习班也能吸引更广泛的受众,例如对在医学中使用进化算法感兴趣的医生和其他保健专业人员。研讨会的组织者总是乐于接受有关新主题、讨论领域和新活动的建议,并可通过电子邮件直接联系。
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引用次数: 0
A study on the efficiency of neutral crossover operators in genetic algorithms applied to the bin packing problem 遗传算法中中立交叉算子在装箱问题中的有效性研究
E. Osaba, F. Díaz, R. Carballedo, Idoia De-la-Iglesia, E. Onieva, A. Perallos
This paper examines the influence of neutral crossover operators in a genetic algorithm (GA) applied to the one-dimensional bin packing problem. In the experimentation 16 benchmark instances have been used and the results obtained by three different GAs are compared with the ones obtained by an evolutionary algorithm (EA). The aim of this work is to determine whether an EA (with no crossover functions) can perform similarly to a GA.
研究了中性交叉算子对遗传算法求解一维装箱问题的影响。在实验中使用了16个基准实例,并将三种不同的GAs得到的结果与进化算法(EA)得到的结果进行了比较。这项工作的目的是确定EA(没有交叉函数)是否可以执行类似于GA。
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引用次数: 0
Novel virtual fitness evaluation framework for fitness landscape learning evolutionary computation 基于适应度景观学习进化计算的虚拟适应度评价框架
Taku Hasegawa, Kaname Matsumura, Kaiki Tsuchie, N. Mori, Keinosuke Matsumoto
Introducing the machine learning technique into evolutionary computation (EC) is one of the most important issues to expand EC design. In this paper, we proposed a novel method that combines the genetic algorithm and support vector machine to achieve the imaginary evolution without real fitness evaluations.
在进化计算中引入机器学习技术是扩展进化计算设计的重要问题之一。本文提出了一种将遗传算法和支持向量机相结合的方法来实现不需要实际适应度评估的假想进化。
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引用次数: 3
Complexity of model learning in EDAs: multi-structure problems eda中模型学习的复杂性:多结构问题
Hadi Sharifi, Amin Nikanjam, Hossein Karshenas, Negar Najimi
Many of the real-world problems can be decomposed into a number of sub-problems for which the solutions can be found easier. However, proper decomposition of large problems remains a challenging issue, especially in optimization, where we need to find the optimal solutions more efficiently. Estimation of distribution algorithms (EDAs) are a class of evolutionary optimization algorithms that try to capture the interactions between problem variables when learning a probabilistic model from the population of candidate solutions. In this paper, we propose a type of synthesized problems, specially designed to challenge this specific ability of EDAs. They are based on the principal idea that each candidate solution to a problem may be simultaneously interpreted by two or more different structures where only one is true, resulting in the best solution to that problem. Of course, some of these structures may be more likely according to the statistics collected from the population of candidate solutions, but may not necessarily lead to the best solution. The experimental results show that the proposed benchmarks are indeed difficult for EDAs even when they use expressive models such as Bayesian networks to capture the interactions in the problem.
许多现实世界的问题可以分解成许多子问题,这些子问题的解决方案更容易找到。然而,对大问题的适当分解仍然是一个具有挑战性的问题,特别是在优化中,我们需要更有效地找到最优解。分布估计算法(EDAs)是一类进化优化算法,当从候选解的总体中学习概率模型时,试图捕获问题变量之间的相互作用。在本文中,我们提出了一类综合问题,专门设计来挑战eda的这种特殊能力。它们的主要思想是,一个问题的每个候选解决方案可以同时被两个或多个不同的结构解释,其中只有一个是正确的,从而产生该问题的最佳解决方案。当然,根据从候选解决方案的总体中收集的统计数据,其中一些结构可能更有可能,但不一定会导致最佳解决方案。实验结果表明,即使使用贝叶斯网络等表达模型来捕获问题中的交互,所提出的基准对eda来说确实是困难的。
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引用次数: 2
Introduction to evolution strategies 进化策略简介
Thomas Bäck
This tutorial gives a basic introduction to evolution strategies, a class of evolutionary algorithms. Key features such as mutation, recombination and selection operators are explained, and specifically the concept of self-adaptation of strategy parameters is introduced. All algorithmic concepts are explained to a level of detail such that an implementation of basic evolution strategies is possible. In addition, the tutorial also presents a brief taxonomy of contemporary evolution strategy variants, including e.g. the CMA-ES and variations thereof, and compares their performance for a small number of function evalutions - which represents many of today's practical application cases. Some guidelines for utilization as well as some application examples are also given.
本教程给出了进化策略的基本介绍,这是一类进化算法。解释了变异算子、重组算子和选择算子等关键特征,具体介绍了策略参数自适应的概念。所有的算法概念都被详细地解释了,这样就可以实现基本的进化策略。此外,本教程还简要介绍了当代进化策略变体的分类,包括例如CMA-ES及其变体,并比较了它们在少数函数评估中的性能——这些函数评估代表了当今许多实际应用案例。给出了一些使用指南和一些应用实例。
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引用次数: 5
期刊
Proceedings of the Companion Publication of the 2014 Annual Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation
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