This study examines the influence of planting mixture variations on the quality of the percolated water of the rain garden with and without plants. Six planting mixtures in experimental rain gardens have been used. It has been noted that pollutant removal efficiency of RG can exhibit variations based on specific parameters. Notably, RG6, utilizing a planting mix of 75% topsoil and 25% compost, demonstrated the highest performance. These results draw attention to the critical role of the specific planting mixtures in influencing the performance of vital parameters related to pollutant removal. The observation shows that RG5 exhibits exceptional removal efficiency in pH, Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and RG6 performs best in electrical conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Nitrogen (TN), and Total Phosphorus (TP) removal. In particular, when analyzing pollutant removal on a surface with Madagascar periwinkle plants, RG6 emerges as the most effective, achieving an impressive efficiency of approximately 49%. For the bare surface, pollutant removal efficiency is 40%. The study outcome will be useful in deciding the composition of the planting mixture, which will keep the rain garden to improve quality and quantitatively hydrological performance, lowering urban flooding magnitude.
{"title":"Pollutant removal efficiency of bare and planted rain gardens with diverse planting mixtures","authors":"Sandeep Kumar, Krishna Kumar Singh","doi":"10.2166/wst.2024.192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2024.192","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 This study examines the influence of planting mixture variations on the quality of the percolated water of the rain garden with and without plants. Six planting mixtures in experimental rain gardens have been used. It has been noted that pollutant removal efficiency of RG can exhibit variations based on specific parameters. Notably, RG6, utilizing a planting mix of 75% topsoil and 25% compost, demonstrated the highest performance. These results draw attention to the critical role of the specific planting mixtures in influencing the performance of vital parameters related to pollutant removal. The observation shows that RG5 exhibits exceptional removal efficiency in pH, Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and RG6 performs best in electrical conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Nitrogen (TN), and Total Phosphorus (TP) removal. In particular, when analyzing pollutant removal on a surface with Madagascar periwinkle plants, RG6 emerges as the most effective, achieving an impressive efficiency of approximately 49%. For the bare surface, pollutant removal efficiency is 40%. The study outcome will be useful in deciding the composition of the planting mixture, which will keep the rain garden to improve quality and quantitatively hydrological performance, lowering urban flooding magnitude.","PeriodicalId":298320,"journal":{"name":"Water Science & Technology","volume":" 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141370004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dirk Muschalla, W. Sprung, Stefan Reinstaller, Markus Pichler, F. Kretschmer
Due to the ongoing climate and energy crisis, wastewater is becoming increasingly important as a source of renewable energy. In urban areas, heat recovery from the sewer is considered a promising approach, as the locations of supply and demand are close to each other. In this context, it is crucial that negative impacts on temperature-sensitive processes in the downstream wastewater treatment plant are strictly avoided. To support the necessary planning and authorization, this paper presents a model-based approach to assess the thermal energy level of the wastewater at any given location in the sewer, taking into account the influent temperature constraints of the wastewater treatment plant. The entire modelling is based on the open-source software SWMM 5, which was extended by a temperature model. The concept showed its practicability and informative value during a full-scale field application in the sewer systems of the Austrian city of Graz. All modelling is based on freely available software, which makes the approach easy transferable to other cities with comparable infrastructural boundary conditions.
{"title":"Model-based assessment of in-sewer heat recovery potentials considering wastewater treatment-specific temperature limits","authors":"Dirk Muschalla, W. Sprung, Stefan Reinstaller, Markus Pichler, F. Kretschmer","doi":"10.2166/wst.2024.190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2024.190","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Due to the ongoing climate and energy crisis, wastewater is becoming increasingly important as a source of renewable energy. In urban areas, heat recovery from the sewer is considered a promising approach, as the locations of supply and demand are close to each other. In this context, it is crucial that negative impacts on temperature-sensitive processes in the downstream wastewater treatment plant are strictly avoided. To support the necessary planning and authorization, this paper presents a model-based approach to assess the thermal energy level of the wastewater at any given location in the sewer, taking into account the influent temperature constraints of the wastewater treatment plant. The entire modelling is based on the open-source software SWMM 5, which was extended by a temperature model. The concept showed its practicability and informative value during a full-scale field application in the sewer systems of the Austrian city of Graz. All modelling is based on freely available software, which makes the approach easy transferable to other cities with comparable infrastructural boundary conditions.","PeriodicalId":298320,"journal":{"name":"Water Science & Technology","volume":" 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141369491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shamsuddin Daulat, B. Roghani, J. Langeveld, M. Rokstad, Franz Tscheikner-Gratla
Co-located infrastructure networks such as roads, water, and sewer in theory offer the possibility for integrated multi-infrastructure interventions. However, how closely these networks are aligned in space and time determines the practical extent to which such coordinated interventions can be realized. This study quantifies the spatial alignment of the aforementioned infrastructure networks and demonstrates its application for integrated interventions and potential cost savings. It proposes two metrics, namely (1) shared surface area and (2) shared trench volume, to quantify the spatial relationship (i.e., degree of co-location) of infrastructures. Furthermore, the study demonstrates how the degree of co-location can be used as a proxy for cost-saving potential of integrated interventions compared to silo-based, single-infrastructure, interventions. Through six case studies conducted in Norwegian municipalities, the research reveals that implementing integrated interventions across road, water, and sewer networks can result in potential average cost savings of 24% in urban areas and 11% in rural areas. Utility-specific savings under different cost-sharing scenarios were also analyzed. To identify the yearly potential of integrated multi-infrastructure interventions, future work should add the temporal alignment of rehabilitation of infrastructures (i.e., time of intervention needed for the infrastructures).
{"title":"Metrics to quantify the degree of co-location of urban water infrastructure","authors":"Shamsuddin Daulat, B. Roghani, J. Langeveld, M. Rokstad, Franz Tscheikner-Gratla","doi":"10.2166/wst.2024.191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2024.191","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Co-located infrastructure networks such as roads, water, and sewer in theory offer the possibility for integrated multi-infrastructure interventions. However, how closely these networks are aligned in space and time determines the practical extent to which such coordinated interventions can be realized. This study quantifies the spatial alignment of the aforementioned infrastructure networks and demonstrates its application for integrated interventions and potential cost savings. It proposes two metrics, namely (1) shared surface area and (2) shared trench volume, to quantify the spatial relationship (i.e., degree of co-location) of infrastructures. Furthermore, the study demonstrates how the degree of co-location can be used as a proxy for cost-saving potential of integrated interventions compared to silo-based, single-infrastructure, interventions. Through six case studies conducted in Norwegian municipalities, the research reveals that implementing integrated interventions across road, water, and sewer networks can result in potential average cost savings of 24% in urban areas and 11% in rural areas. Utility-specific savings under different cost-sharing scenarios were also analyzed. To identify the yearly potential of integrated multi-infrastructure interventions, future work should add the temporal alignment of rehabilitation of infrastructures (i.e., time of intervention needed for the infrastructures).","PeriodicalId":298320,"journal":{"name":"Water Science & Technology","volume":" 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141369407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tongzhan Xue, Xiangyu Yan, Weihua Li, Jiajia Xu, Xinlei Yang
Anaerobic co-digestion was conducted on the solid residues after three-phase separation of kitchen waste (KWS) and waste-activated sludge (WAS), the synergistic effects and process performance were studied during co-digestion at different ratios of KWS to WAS. KWS and WAS mix ratios of 0:1, 1:4, 1:3, 1:2, 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1 and 1:0 (based on TS). The results showed that a ratio of KWS to WAS of 1:1 got a very high methane recovery with a methane yield of 310.45 ± 30.05 mL/g VSadded. The highest concentration of free ammonia among all reaction systems was only 70.23 ± 5.53 mg/L, which was not enough to produce ammonia inhibition in the anaerobic co-digestion system. However, when the KWS content exceeded 50%, methane inhibition and prolongation of the lag phase were observed due to the accumulation of volatile fatty acids (VFAs), and during the lag phase. Microbial community analysis showed that various bacterial groups involved in acid production and hydrolysis were mainly dominated by phylum Firmicutes, Chloroflexi, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Hydrogenotrophic methanogen was found to dominate all archaeal communities in the digesters. Co-digestion of KWS with WAS significantly increased the relative abundance of Methanobacterium compared with anaerobic digestion of SS alone.
对厨余（KWS）和废物活性污泥（WAS）三相分离后的固体残留物进行了厌氧协同消化，研究了在不同比例的 KWS 和 WAS 协同消化过程中的协同效应和工艺性能。KWS 和 WAS 的混合比例分别为 0:1、1:4、1:3、1:2、1:1、2:1、3:1、4:1 和 1:0（基于 TS）。结果表明，KWS 与 WAS 的比例为 1:1，甲烷回收率非常高，甲烷产量为 310.45 ± 30.05 mL/g VSadded。在所有反应系统中，游离氨的最高浓度仅为 70.23 ± 5.53 mg/L，不足以在厌氧协同消化系统中产生氨抑制。然而，当 KWS 含量超过 50%时，由于挥发性脂肪酸（VFAs）的积累，在滞后期会出现甲烷抑制和滞后期延长的现象。微生物群落分析表明，参与产酸和水解的各种细菌群主要以坚固菌门、绿僵菌门、变形菌门和类杆菌门为主。在消化器中的所有古细菌群落中，都发现养氢甲烷菌占主导地位。与单独厌氧消化 SS 相比，协同消化 KWS 和 WAS 能显著提高甲烷菌的相对丰度。
{"title":"Synergistic effect and microbial community structure of waste-activated sludge and kitchen waste solids residue mesophilic anaerobic co-digestion","authors":"Tongzhan Xue, Xiangyu Yan, Weihua Li, Jiajia Xu, Xinlei Yang","doi":"10.2166/wst.2024.186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2024.186","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Anaerobic co-digestion was conducted on the solid residues after three-phase separation of kitchen waste (KWS) and waste-activated sludge (WAS), the synergistic effects and process performance were studied during co-digestion at different ratios of KWS to WAS. KWS and WAS mix ratios of 0:1, 1:4, 1:3, 1:2, 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1 and 1:0 (based on TS). The results showed that a ratio of KWS to WAS of 1:1 got a very high methane recovery with a methane yield of 310.45 ± 30.05 mL/g VSadded. The highest concentration of free ammonia among all reaction systems was only 70.23 ± 5.53 mg/L, which was not enough to produce ammonia inhibition in the anaerobic co-digestion system. However, when the KWS content exceeded 50%, methane inhibition and prolongation of the lag phase were observed due to the accumulation of volatile fatty acids (VFAs), and during the lag phase. Microbial community analysis showed that various bacterial groups involved in acid production and hydrolysis were mainly dominated by phylum Firmicutes, Chloroflexi, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Hydrogenotrophic methanogen was found to dominate all archaeal communities in the digesters. Co-digestion of KWS with WAS significantly increased the relative abundance of Methanobacterium compared with anaerobic digestion of SS alone.","PeriodicalId":298320,"journal":{"name":"Water Science & Technology","volume":" 27","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141374152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process is significantly hindered by prolonged start-up periods and unstable nitrogen removal efficiency. In this study, a novel umbrella basalt fiber (BF) carrier with good biological affinity and adsorption performance was used to initiate the CANON process. The CANON process was initiated on day 64 in a sequencing batch reactor equipped with umbrella BF carriers. During this period, the influent NH4+-N concentration gradually increased from 100 to 200 mg·L−1, and the dissolved oxygen was controlled below 0.8 mg L−1. Consequently, an average ammonia nitrogen removal efficiency (ARE) and total nitrogen removal efficiency (TNRE) of ∼90 and 80% were achieved, respectively. After 130 days, ARE and TNRE remained stable at 92 and 81.1%, respectively. This indicates a reliable method for achieving rapid start-up and stable operation of the CANON process. Moreover, Candidatus Kuenenia and Candidatus Brocadia were identified as dominant anammox genera on the carrier. Nitrosomonas was the predominant genus among ammonia-oxidizing bacteria. Spatial differences were observed in the microbial population of umbrella BF carriers. This arrangement facilitated autotrophic nitrogen removal in a single reactor. This study indicates that the novel umbrella BF carrier is a highly suitable biocarrier for the CANON process.
{"title":"Implementing a completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite process using a novel umbrella basalt fiber carrier","authors":"Shan-Wei Li, Wei Xu, Yu-Jie Xie, Liang Fu, Qi Gao, Xiao-Chun Wang, Yan Li, Zhiqiang Wu","doi":"10.2166/wst.2024.188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2024.188","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process is significantly hindered by prolonged start-up periods and unstable nitrogen removal efficiency. In this study, a novel umbrella basalt fiber (BF) carrier with good biological affinity and adsorption performance was used to initiate the CANON process. The CANON process was initiated on day 64 in a sequencing batch reactor equipped with umbrella BF carriers. During this period, the influent NH4+-N concentration gradually increased from 100 to 200 mg·L−1, and the dissolved oxygen was controlled below 0.8 mg L−1. Consequently, an average ammonia nitrogen removal efficiency (ARE) and total nitrogen removal efficiency (TNRE) of ∼90 and 80% were achieved, respectively. After 130 days, ARE and TNRE remained stable at 92 and 81.1%, respectively. This indicates a reliable method for achieving rapid start-up and stable operation of the CANON process. Moreover, Candidatus Kuenenia and Candidatus Brocadia were identified as dominant anammox genera on the carrier. Nitrosomonas was the predominant genus among ammonia-oxidizing bacteria. Spatial differences were observed in the microbial population of umbrella BF carriers. This arrangement facilitated autotrophic nitrogen removal in a single reactor. This study indicates that the novel umbrella BF carrier is a highly suitable biocarrier for the CANON process.","PeriodicalId":298320,"journal":{"name":"Water Science & Technology","volume":" 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141372258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kaijia Ren, H. Ming, Siyu Liu, Xianlong Lang, Yuan Jin, Jingfeng Fan
Reverse osmosis (RO) membrane fouling and biological contamination problems faced by seawater desalination systems are microbiologically related. We used full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing to assess the bacterial community structure and chlorine-resistant bacteria (CRB) associated with biofilm growth in different treatment processes under the winter mode of a chlorinated seawater desalination system in China. At the outset of the winter mode, certain CRB, such as Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, and Bacillus held sway over the bacterial community structure, playing a pivotal role in biofouling. At the mode's end, Deinococcus and Paracoccus predominated, with Pseudomonas and Roseovarius following suit, while certain CRB genera still maintained their dominance. RO and chlorination are pivotal factors in shaping the bacterial community structure and diversity, and increases in total heterotrophic bacterial counts and community diversity in safety filters may adversely affect the effectiveness of subsequent RO systems. Besides, the bacterial diversity and culturable biomass in the water produced by the RO system remain high, and some conditionally pathogenic CRBs pose a certain microbial risk as a source of drinking water. Targeted removal of these CRBs will be an important area of research for advancing control over membrane clogging and ensuring water quality safety in the future.
{"title":"Full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing reveals the operating mode and chlorination-aggravated SWRO biofouling at a nuclear power plant","authors":"Kaijia Ren, H. Ming, Siyu Liu, Xianlong Lang, Yuan Jin, Jingfeng Fan","doi":"10.2166/wst.2024.185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2024.185","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Reverse osmosis (RO) membrane fouling and biological contamination problems faced by seawater desalination systems are microbiologically related. We used full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing to assess the bacterial community structure and chlorine-resistant bacteria (CRB) associated with biofilm growth in different treatment processes under the winter mode of a chlorinated seawater desalination system in China. At the outset of the winter mode, certain CRB, such as Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, and Bacillus held sway over the bacterial community structure, playing a pivotal role in biofouling. At the mode's end, Deinococcus and Paracoccus predominated, with Pseudomonas and Roseovarius following suit, while certain CRB genera still maintained their dominance. RO and chlorination are pivotal factors in shaping the bacterial community structure and diversity, and increases in total heterotrophic bacterial counts and community diversity in safety filters may adversely affect the effectiveness of subsequent RO systems. Besides, the bacterial diversity and culturable biomass in the water produced by the RO system remain high, and some conditionally pathogenic CRBs pose a certain microbial risk as a source of drinking water. Targeted removal of these CRBs will be an important area of research for advancing control over membrane clogging and ensuring water quality safety in the future.","PeriodicalId":298320,"journal":{"name":"Water Science & Technology","volume":" 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141375453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, the safety of a red mud–loess mixture (RM–L) for the remediation of groundwater polluted by acid mine drainage (AMD) containing Cd(II) in mining areas was systematically analyzed and clarified. The effects of the initial concentration, flow rate, and packing height on the breakthrough performance and longevity of RM–L as a permeable reactive barrier (PRB) packing material were explored by column tests. The results show that the breakthrough time, saturation time, and adsorption capacity of Cd(II) in RM–L increased with decreasing initial concentration and flow rate, as well as increasing packing height. Moreover, RM–L had a long-term effective acid buffering capacity for acidic wastewater containing Cd(II). An increase in the packing height led to a longer longevity of the PRB than the theoretical value. In addition, the speciation of Cd on RM–L was dominated by carbonate form and iron–manganese oxide form. The surface of the RM–L particles evolved from a dense lamellar structure to small globular clusters after purifying the acidic wastewater containing Cd(II), due to the corrosion of H+ and the reoccupation and coverage by increasingly enriched adsorbates and precipitates of heavy metal ions.
{"title":"Purification of acidic wastewater containing Cd(II) using a red mud–loess mixture: Column test, breakthrough curve, and speciation of Cd","authors":"Yisi Lu, Xiaofeng Liu, Hao Zhang, Jiashi Li","doi":"10.2166/wst.2024.187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2024.187","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 In this study, the safety of a red mud–loess mixture (RM–L) for the remediation of groundwater polluted by acid mine drainage (AMD) containing Cd(II) in mining areas was systematically analyzed and clarified. The effects of the initial concentration, flow rate, and packing height on the breakthrough performance and longevity of RM–L as a permeable reactive barrier (PRB) packing material were explored by column tests. The results show that the breakthrough time, saturation time, and adsorption capacity of Cd(II) in RM–L increased with decreasing initial concentration and flow rate, as well as increasing packing height. Moreover, RM–L had a long-term effective acid buffering capacity for acidic wastewater containing Cd(II). An increase in the packing height led to a longer longevity of the PRB than the theoretical value. In addition, the speciation of Cd on RM–L was dominated by carbonate form and iron–manganese oxide form. The surface of the RM–L particles evolved from a dense lamellar structure to small globular clusters after purifying the acidic wastewater containing Cd(II), due to the corrosion of H+ and the reoccupation and coverage by increasingly enriched adsorbates and precipitates of heavy metal ions.","PeriodicalId":298320,"journal":{"name":"Water Science & Technology","volume":" 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141373092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Dhivagar, Subbarama Kousik Suraparaju, Farruh Atamurotov, Kalimuthu Gopi Kannan, Serikzhan Opakhai, Adil A. M. Omara
In this current investigation, the experimental performance of a solar still basin was significantly enhanced by incorporating snail shell biomaterials. The outcomes of the snail shell-augmented solar still basin (SSSS) are compared with those of a conventional solar still (CSS). The utilization of snail shells proved to facilitate the reduction of saline water and enhance its temperature, thereby improving the productivity of the SSSS. Cumulatively, the SSSS productivity was improved by 4.3% over CSS. Furthermore, the SSSS outperformed in energy and exergy efficiency of CSS by 4.5 and 3.5%, respectively. Economically, the cost per liter of distillate (CPL) for the CSS was 3.4% higher than SSSS. Moreover, the SSSS showed a shorter estimated payback period (PBP) of 141 days which was 6 days less than CSS. Considering the environmental impact, the observed CO2 emissions from the SSSS were approximately 14.6% higher than CSS over its 10-year lifespan. Notably, the SSSS exhibited a substantial increase in the estimated carbon credit earned (CCE) compared to the CSS. Ultimately, the research underscores the efficacy of incorporating snail shells into solar still basins as a commendable approach to organic waste management, offering economic benefits without compromising environmental considerations.
{"title":"Performance analysis of snail shell biomaterials in solar stills for clean water production: nature-inspired innovation for sustainability","authors":"R. Dhivagar, Subbarama Kousik Suraparaju, Farruh Atamurotov, Kalimuthu Gopi Kannan, Serikzhan Opakhai, Adil A. M. Omara","doi":"10.2166/wst.2024.189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2024.189","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this current investigation, the experimental performance of a solar still basin was significantly enhanced by incorporating snail shell biomaterials. The outcomes of the snail shell-augmented solar still basin (SSSS) are compared with those of a conventional solar still (CSS). The utilization of snail shells proved to facilitate the reduction of saline water and enhance its temperature, thereby improving the productivity of the SSSS. Cumulatively, the SSSS productivity was improved by 4.3% over CSS. Furthermore, the SSSS outperformed in energy and exergy efficiency of CSS by 4.5 and 3.5%, respectively. Economically, the cost per liter of distillate (CPL) for the CSS was 3.4% higher than SSSS. Moreover, the SSSS showed a shorter estimated payback period (PBP) of 141 days which was 6 days less than CSS. Considering the environmental impact, the observed CO2 emissions from the SSSS were approximately 14.6% higher than CSS over its 10-year lifespan. Notably, the SSSS exhibited a substantial increase in the estimated carbon credit earned (CCE) compared to the CSS. Ultimately, the research underscores the efficacy of incorporating snail shells into solar still basins as a commendable approach to organic waste management, offering economic benefits without compromising environmental considerations.","PeriodicalId":298320,"journal":{"name":"Water Science & Technology","volume":" 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141373485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Low-income tropical regions, such as Haiti, grapple with environmental issues stemming from inadequate sanitation infrastructure for fecal sludge management. This study scrutinizes on-site sanitation systems in these regions, evaluating their environmental impacts and pinpointing improvement opportunities. The focus is specifically on systems integrating excreta valorization through composting and/or anaerobic digestion. Each system encompasses toilet access, evacuation, and sludge treatment. A comparative life cycle assessment was undertaken, with the functional unit managing one ton of excreta in Haiti over a year. Six scenarios representing autonomous sanitation systems were devised by combining three toilet types (container-based toilets (CBTs), ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrines, and flush toilets (WC)) with two sludge treatment processes (composting and biomethanization). Biodigester-based systems exhibited 1.05 times higher sanitary impacts and 1.03 times higher ecosystem impacts than those with composters. Among toilet types, CBTs had the lowest impacts, followed by VIP latrines, with WCs having the highest impacts. On average, WC scenarios were 3.85 times more impactful than VIP latrines and 4.04 times more impactful than those with CBTs regarding human health impact. Critical variables identified include the use of toilet paper, wood shavings, greenhouse gas emissions, and construction materials.
{"title":"Comparative life cycle assessment of excreta management systems through composting and biomethanization: case of a low-income tropical country","authors":"Davidson Jean-Baptiste, Frédéric Monette","doi":"10.2166/wst.2024.184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2024.184","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Low-income tropical regions, such as Haiti, grapple with environmental issues stemming from inadequate sanitation infrastructure for fecal sludge management. This study scrutinizes on-site sanitation systems in these regions, evaluating their environmental impacts and pinpointing improvement opportunities. The focus is specifically on systems integrating excreta valorization through composting and/or anaerobic digestion. Each system encompasses toilet access, evacuation, and sludge treatment. A comparative life cycle assessment was undertaken, with the functional unit managing one ton of excreta in Haiti over a year. Six scenarios representing autonomous sanitation systems were devised by combining three toilet types (container-based toilets (CBTs), ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrines, and flush toilets (WC)) with two sludge treatment processes (composting and biomethanization). Biodigester-based systems exhibited 1.05 times higher sanitary impacts and 1.03 times higher ecosystem impacts than those with composters. Among toilet types, CBTs had the lowest impacts, followed by VIP latrines, with WCs having the highest impacts. On average, WC scenarios were 3.85 times more impactful than VIP latrines and 4.04 times more impactful than those with CBTs regarding human health impact. Critical variables identified include the use of toilet paper, wood shavings, greenhouse gas emissions, and construction materials.","PeriodicalId":298320,"journal":{"name":"Water Science & Technology","volume":"347 11‐13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141380769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wan Jiang, Yiming Liu, Shenpeng Wang, Haifeng Yang, Xiulei Fan
A carbon material Cu-corn straw-sludge biochar (Cu-CSBC) was prepared by hydrothermally modifying sewage sludge and corn stover. The composite coupled to ultrasound can effectively catalyze the activation of PS for organic pollutants degradation, and the removal rate of 20 mg/L TC reached 89.15% in 5 min in the presence of 0.5 g/L Cu-CSBC and 3 mM PS. The synergistic effect between the factors in the system, the reaction mechanism, and the efficient removal of TC in the aqueous environment were explored in a Cu-CSBC/US/PS system established for that purpose. Quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance analysis both demonstrated the Cu-CSBC/US/PS system generated •OH, SO4–•, 1O2, and O2- •, which involved in the reaction. The Cu, carboxyl, and hydroxyl groups on the Cu-CSBC surface promoted the generation of radicals and non-radicals for the degradation process, which was dominated by both radical and non-radical pathways. The degradation pathway is proposed by measuring the intermediate products with LC-MS. Finally, the stability of the Cu-CSBC/US/PS system was tested under various reaction conditions. This study not only prepared a novel biochar composite material for the active degradation of organic pollutants by PS but also provided an effective method for the resource utilization of solid waste and sludge treatment.
{"title":"Combination of co-pyrolyzed biomass–sludge biochar and ultrasound for persulfate activation in antibiotic degradation: efficiency, synergistic effect, and reaction mechanism","authors":"Wan Jiang, Yiming Liu, Shenpeng Wang, Haifeng Yang, Xiulei Fan","doi":"10.2166/wst.2024.183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2024.183","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 A carbon material Cu-corn straw-sludge biochar (Cu-CSBC) was prepared by hydrothermally modifying sewage sludge and corn stover. The composite coupled to ultrasound can effectively catalyze the activation of PS for organic pollutants degradation, and the removal rate of 20 mg/L TC reached 89.15% in 5 min in the presence of 0.5 g/L Cu-CSBC and 3 mM PS. The synergistic effect between the factors in the system, the reaction mechanism, and the efficient removal of TC in the aqueous environment were explored in a Cu-CSBC/US/PS system established for that purpose. Quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance analysis both demonstrated the Cu-CSBC/US/PS system generated •OH, SO4–•, 1O2, and O2- •, which involved in the reaction. The Cu, carboxyl, and hydroxyl groups on the Cu-CSBC surface promoted the generation of radicals and non-radicals for the degradation process, which was dominated by both radical and non-radical pathways. The degradation pathway is proposed by measuring the intermediate products with LC-MS. Finally, the stability of the Cu-CSBC/US/PS system was tested under various reaction conditions. This study not only prepared a novel biochar composite material for the active degradation of organic pollutants by PS but also provided an effective method for the resource utilization of solid waste and sludge treatment.","PeriodicalId":298320,"journal":{"name":"Water Science & Technology","volume":"6 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141378680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：