Pub Date : 2019-09-24DOI: 10.1163/24689246-00201003
J. Wen
The Eastern Han period tomb-quelling text of Zhang Shujing 張叔敬, which dates to 173 CE, confirms that living people believed the dead could use soybeans and melon seeds (huangdou guazi 黃豆瓜子) to pay taxes in the underworld. The knowledge of this only came to light with the discovery of the tablet Taiyuan Has a Dead Man (*Taiyuan you sizhe 泰原有死者), which reveals a previously unknown Qin-Han belief that the dead regarded soybeans as gold. I suggest a direct association between the above two beliefs: soybeans and melon seeds were used as substitutes for small natural gold nuggets to pay taxes in the underworld because of their resemblance in shape and color. Furthermore, a huge quantity of painted clay balls shaped like large soybeans (dashu 大菽) are recorded in the Mawangdui 馬王堆 tomb inventories (qiance 遣策), which indirectly supports this interpretation.
{"title":"To Turn Soybeans into Gold: a Case Study of Mortuary Documents from Ancient China","authors":"J. Wen","doi":"10.1163/24689246-00201003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/24689246-00201003","url":null,"abstract":"The Eastern Han period tomb-quelling text of Zhang Shujing 張叔敬, which dates to 173 CE, confirms that living people believed the dead could use soybeans and melon seeds (huangdou guazi 黃豆瓜子) to pay taxes in the underworld. The knowledge of this only came to light with the discovery of the tablet Taiyuan Has a Dead Man (*Taiyuan you sizhe 泰原有死者), which reveals a previously unknown Qin-Han belief that the dead regarded soybeans as gold. I suggest a direct association between the above two beliefs: soybeans and melon seeds were used as substitutes for small natural gold nuggets to pay taxes in the underworld because of their resemblance in shape and color. Furthermore, a huge quantity of painted clay balls shaped like large soybeans (dashu 大菽) are recorded in the Mawangdui 馬王堆 tomb inventories (qiance 遣策), which indirectly supports this interpretation.","PeriodicalId":29844,"journal":{"name":"Bamboo and Silk","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/24689246-00201003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43484986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-24DOI: 10.1163/24689246-00201004
Tian Tian
“Clothing strips” refers to those sections of tomb inventories written on bamboo and wooden slips from the early and middle Western Han that record clothing items. The distinctive characteristics of the writing, check markings, and placement in the tomb of these clothing strips reflect funerary burial conventions of that period. “Clothing lists” from the latter part of the Western Han period are directly related to these clothing strips. Differences in format between these two types of documents are the result of changes in funerary ritual during the Western Han period.
{"title":"From “Clothing Strips” to Clothing Lists: Tomb Inventories and Western Han Funerary Ritual","authors":"Tian Tian","doi":"10.1163/24689246-00201004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/24689246-00201004","url":null,"abstract":"“Clothing strips” refers to those sections of tomb inventories written on bamboo and wooden slips from the early and middle Western Han that record clothing items. The distinctive characteristics of the writing, check markings, and placement in the tomb of these clothing strips reflect funerary burial conventions of that period. “Clothing lists” from the latter part of the Western Han period are directly related to these clothing strips. Differences in format between these two types of documents are the result of changes in funerary ritual during the Western Han period.","PeriodicalId":29844,"journal":{"name":"Bamboo and Silk","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/24689246-00201004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48161905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-09DOI: 10.1163/24689246-00202001
Guo Jue
In this first comprehensive study of what I call funerary “relocating-to-the-Underworld documents” (abbr. relocation documents), I analyze the ten known cases that have been excavated between 1973 and 2016 in southern China. Through the analytical lens of the making of the dead, I argue that this particular type of textual object found exclusively in Western Han tombs in the second and first centuries b.c.e. can be viewed as a material manifestation of the strategic negotiation between an omnipresent imperial state and its agentive imperial subjects at the intersection of bureaucratic authority and the creation of a desirable afterlife for the dead of the empire. There are three main objectives of the present study. First, I propose to designate these entombed objects as “relocation documents” (yi dixia shu 移地下書), highlighting their primary ritual function as to present and/or produce a desirable afterlife status for the deceased when they relocate to the Underworld. I argue that a typical funerary relocation document has two essential components: a “notification letter” (yiwen 移文) and “itemized details” (ximu 細目). In the current scholarship, the former has been called gaodice 告地策 (informing-the-Underworld document), and the latter qiance 遣策 (tomb inventory). They are conventionally considered to be two distinct and separate genres of text. Although qiance have been found alone in tombs, in the case of funerary relocation documents, I argue that they are integral to the complete package to fulfill its ritual function and that these two components should be considered together as a single document. Second, instead of characterizing these relocation documents collectively as a homogenous genre of text and identifying them as imperfect imitations of Han official documents, I emphasize their material nature as funerary objects and contextualize them as part of the funerary assemblage for burial. I analyze their structural composition—both physical and textual—and situate them in the context of their production and entombment in relation to the deceased as well as the broader social-historical conditions shared by the local community of which the dead was a part. The detailed case studies of the relocation documents, on the one hand, expectedly confirm a wide and deep penetration of the state power into the fabric of the Han society, in life and in death, through the institutions of household registration and the 20-rank system; on the other hand, they also reveal the much less understood side of imperial control, that the lesser elite and the ordinary subjects of the empire were not passive receivers. Rather, they were informed about and understood the authority embedded in state institutions and bureaucratic procedures to the extent that they knew how to “work the system” to their own advantage with regard to the afterlife. Third, although each relocation document exhibits notable individual, even idiosyncratic, characteristics, the fact that nine o
{"title":"Western Han Funerary Relocation Documents and the Making of the Dead in Early Imperial China","authors":"Guo Jue","doi":"10.1163/24689246-00202001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/24689246-00202001","url":null,"abstract":"In this first comprehensive study of what I call funerary “relocating-to-the-Underworld documents” (abbr. relocation documents), I analyze the ten known cases that have been excavated between 1973 and 2016 in southern China. Through the analytical lens of the making of the dead, I argue that this particular type of textual object found exclusively in Western Han tombs in the second and first centuries b.c.e. can be viewed as a material manifestation of the strategic negotiation between an omnipresent imperial state and its agentive imperial subjects at the intersection of bureaucratic authority and the creation of a desirable afterlife for the dead of the empire. There are three main objectives of the present study. First, I propose to designate these entombed objects as “relocation documents” (yi dixia shu 移地下書), highlighting their primary ritual function as to present and/or produce a desirable afterlife status for the deceased when they relocate to the Underworld. I argue that a typical funerary relocation document has two essential components: a “notification letter” (yiwen 移文) and “itemized details” (ximu 細目). In the current scholarship, the former has been called gaodice 告地策 (informing-the-Underworld document), and the latter qiance 遣策 (tomb inventory). They are conventionally considered to be two distinct and separate genres of text. Although qiance have been found alone in tombs, in the case of funerary relocation documents, I argue that they are integral to the complete package to fulfill its ritual function and that these two components should be considered together as a single document. Second, instead of characterizing these relocation documents collectively as a homogenous genre of text and identifying them as imperfect imitations of Han official documents, I emphasize their material nature as funerary objects and contextualize them as part of the funerary assemblage for burial. I analyze their structural composition—both physical and textual—and situate them in the context of their production and entombment in relation to the deceased as well as the broader social-historical conditions shared by the local community of which the dead was a part. The detailed case studies of the relocation documents, on the one hand, expectedly confirm a wide and deep penetration of the state power into the fabric of the Han society, in life and in death, through the institutions of household registration and the 20-rank system; on the other hand, they also reveal the much less understood side of imperial control, that the lesser elite and the ordinary subjects of the empire were not passive receivers. Rather, they were informed about and understood the authority embedded in state institutions and bureaucratic procedures to the extent that they knew how to “work the system” to their own advantage with regard to the afterlife. Third, although each relocation document exhibits notable individual, even idiosyncratic, characteristics, the fact that nine o","PeriodicalId":29844,"journal":{"name":"Bamboo and Silk","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/24689246-00202001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48067861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-09DOI: 10.1163/24689246-00202008
Guo Wei-tao
{"title":"Bunken to ibutsu no kyōkai: Chūgoku shutsudo kandoku shiryō no seitaiteki kenkyū 文献と遺物の境界：中国出土簡牘史料の生態的研究, edited by Momiyama Akira 籾山明; Satō Makoto 佐藤信","authors":"Guo Wei-tao","doi":"10.1163/24689246-00202008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/24689246-00202008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29844,"journal":{"name":"Bamboo and Silk","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/24689246-00202008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46257584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-09DOI: 10.1163/24689246-00202009
{"title":"Contents","authors":"","doi":"10.1163/24689246-00202009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/24689246-00202009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29844,"journal":{"name":"Bamboo and Silk","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/24689246-00202009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47099300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-09DOI: 10.1163/24689246-00202002
Chen Songchang
This paper specifically discusses three issues regarding the silk manuscript *Tianwen qixiang zazhan (Miscellaneous Prognostications Concerning Astronomy and Meteorology); they are its production and format, the scribes involved, and the date it was copied. Through comparison and analysis, I argue that the manuscript’s production was done by first drawing images and then by copying the text. The images and text were done by different scribes, and more than one scribe was involved in copying the text. Its date of copying was probably about the same time as the copying of the silk manuscript Xingde (Punishment and Virtue) A, that is, around the eleventh year of Emperor Gaozu of Han (195 b.c.e.).
{"title":"Three Research Notes on the Silk Manuscript *Tianwen qixiang zazhan 天文氣象雜占","authors":"Chen Songchang","doi":"10.1163/24689246-00202002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/24689246-00202002","url":null,"abstract":"This paper specifically discusses three issues regarding the silk manuscript *Tianwen qixiang zazhan (Miscellaneous Prognostications Concerning Astronomy and Meteorology); they are its production and format, the scribes involved, and the date it was copied. Through comparison and analysis, I argue that the manuscript’s production was done by first drawing images and then by copying the text. The images and text were done by different scribes, and more than one scribe was involved in copying the text. Its date of copying was probably about the same time as the copying of the silk manuscript Xingde (Punishment and Virtue) A, that is, around the eleventh year of Emperor Gaozu of Han (195 b.c.e.).","PeriodicalId":29844,"journal":{"name":"Bamboo and Silk","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/24689246-00202002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46831563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-09DOI: 10.1163/24689246-00202007
Yen Shih-Hsuan
{"title":"A Survey of Taiwanese Research on Bamboo and Silk Manuscripts Accomplished in 2015","authors":"Yen Shih-Hsuan","doi":"10.1163/24689246-00202007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/24689246-00202007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29844,"journal":{"name":"Bamboo and Silk","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/24689246-00202007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42541157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-09DOI: 10.1163/24689246-00202004
T. Staack
The present paper investigates three terms that were all used to refer to acts of writing in the early imperial administration: shu 書, xie 寫, and shu 署. Based on an analysis of their usage in administrative and legal texts, it illustrates the semantic differences of these terms, which also bear implications for our understanding of the production and use of administrative documents.
{"title":"“Drafting,” “Copying,” and “Adding Notes”: On the Semantic Field of “Writing” as Reflected by Qin and Early Han Legal and Administrative Documents","authors":"T. Staack","doi":"10.1163/24689246-00202004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/24689246-00202004","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper investigates three terms that were all used to refer to acts of writing in the early imperial administration: shu 書, xie 寫, and shu 署. Based on an analysis of their usage in administrative and legal texts, it illustrates the semantic differences of these terms, which also bear implications for our understanding of the production and use of administrative documents.","PeriodicalId":29844,"journal":{"name":"Bamboo and Silk","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/24689246-00202004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48615000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1533/9781782421580.84
K. M. Babu
This chapter reviews the mechanical and thermal properties of silk, including tensile properties and visco-elastic behaviour.
本章回顾了丝的机械和热性能，包括拉伸性能和粘弹性行为。
{"title":"Mechanical and thermal properties of silk","authors":"K. M. Babu","doi":"10.1533/9781782421580.84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1533/9781782421580.84","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter reviews the mechanical and thermal properties of silk, including tensile properties and visco-elastic behaviour.","PeriodicalId":29844,"journal":{"name":"Bamboo and Silk","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73889833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-08-102540-6.00009-7
K. M. Babu
{"title":"By-products of sericulture and the silk industry","authors":"K. M. Babu","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-08-102540-6.00009-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102540-6.00009-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29844,"journal":{"name":"Bamboo and Silk","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75149354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：