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To the Issue of Communicative Teaching Foreign Languages 论外语交际教学的问题
IF 0.5 3区 文学 Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.17759/langt.2020070206
O. Murashkina
The article deals with the issue of teaching foreign languages with the usage of methods communicative. Communicative approach and communicative method are two interrelated concepts. Language competence developed in social context is the basis for successful communication in the target language. The article deals with the problem of the formation of phonological hearing in the process of teaching Spanish as a foreign language. The problem of learning the correct pronunciation is key in learning Spanish at the initial stage due to the diverse dialectal variability of the Spanish language. The main difficulty in mastering Spanish phonetics is the variety of national variants and dialects, which at the level of sounding speech represent a motley allophonic picture. In this regard, the task of forming phonological hearing in the process of teaching Spanish as a foreign language is a priority. The difference between phonetic systems and phonological structures of the native and the studied foreign languages is the main reason for linguistic interferences, therefore it is important to determine the allophonic picture when teaching the phonetics of the Spanish language.
本文探讨了运用交际法进行外语教学的问题。交际途径和交际方法是两个相互关联的概念。在社会语境中发展的语言能力是目的语成功交际的基础。本文探讨了在对外西班牙语教学过程中语音听力的形成问题。由于西班牙语方言的多样性,学习正确的发音问题是学习西班牙语初期的关键。掌握西班牙语音学的主要困难是国家变体和方言的多样性,这些变体和方言在发音的层面上代表了一幅杂七杂五的语音图。在这方面,在对外西班牙语教学过程中形成语音听力的任务是重中之重。母语和学习外语的语音系统和语音结构的差异是语言干扰的主要原因,因此在西班牙语语音教学中确定语音图是很重要的。
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引用次数: 0
The Implementation of the Principle of Economy in the Formation of Psychological Terms in English and Russian 经济原则在英俄心理术语形成中的运用
IF 0.5 3区 文学 Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.17759/langt.2020070202
Y. V. Yarovikova, E. A. Balygina
The paper addresses the ways of applying economy principle to the sublanguage of psychology. The authors identify the most productive term formation methods, which show the tendency of both languages to compression of nominal words and phrases. In the system of psychological terms of the English language, the most productive ways of linguistic compression are affixation and compounding. The English terminological system is rich, functional and economical because of its unlimited potential for compounding and affixation. The Russian terminological system is more likely to enrich the vocabulary through phonetic borrowings, semantic derivation and calque. It is argued that the borrowings acquired by the Russian terminological system account for the multitude of synonymous terms. On the other hand, phonetic borrowings and semantic calque have enriched the vocabulary without effort and redundancy. It is concluded that economy principle plays a fundamental role in the creation of new words and their adaptation to the English and Russian terminological systems.
本文论述了将经济学原理应用于心理学次语言的途径。作者确定了最有效的术语构成方法,显示了两种语言对名义词和短语的压缩趋势。在英语心理术语系统中,最有效的语言压缩方式是词缀和复合。英语术语系统由于其无限的复合和词缀潜力而丰富、实用和经济。俄语术语系统更有可能通过语音借调、语义派生和推理来丰富词汇。本文认为,俄语术语系统所获得的借代解释了大量的同义术语。另一方面,语音的借用和语义的变换使词汇丰富,无需费力和冗余。本文认为,经济原则在英语和俄语词汇的创造和适应中起着重要的作用。
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引用次数: 0
P.N. Medvedev on the Methodological Foundations of the Study of the Work of F.M. Dostoevsky 梅氏论陀思妥耶夫斯基作品研究的方法论基础
IF 0.5 3区 文学 Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.17759/langt.2020070105
T. Batalova, G.V. Fedyanova
This article considers the methodological principles of studying the work of Dostoevsky, developed by an outstanding literary critic, critic and publicist of the 1920s and 1930s. Pavel Nikolayevich Medvedev, who was repressed on falsified political charges and shot by the NKVD in 1938. The scientist's main work is “The formal method in literary criticism. A Critical Introduction to Sociological Poetics”- in 1973 it was illegally attributed to M. M. Bakhtin, and his name was turned into a literary “mask” by M. M. Bakhtin. The works of P. N. Medvedev of the 1920s and 30s, currently published in the two-volume Collected Works of P. N. Medvedev, (St. Petersburg: Rostock 2018), prove the need to study his research on the “genre”, the idea of the author, which in the works of Dostoevsky is associated with the Orthodox view. The results of the study show the originality of the methodological principles of P. N. Medvedev and prove the need to return to science the name of this outstanding scientist and his works.
本文考虑了研究陀思妥耶夫斯基作品的方法论原则,这些原则是由20世纪20年代和30年代杰出的文学评论家、评论家和公关家发展起来的。帕维尔·尼古拉耶维奇·梅德韦杰夫,他因伪造的政治指控而受到镇压,并于1938年被内务部枪杀。这位科学家的主要著作是《文学批评中的形式方法》。《社会学诗学批判导论》——在1973年,它被非法地认为是巴赫金的作品,他的名字被巴赫金变成了一个文学“面具”。梅德韦杰夫20世纪20年代和30年代的作品,目前出版在两卷本的《梅德韦杰夫作品集》(圣彼得堡:罗斯托克2018)中,证明有必要研究他对“体裁”的研究,即作者的思想,在陀思妥耶夫斯基的作品中与东正教观点联系在一起。研究结果显示了P. N. Medvedev方法论原则的独创性,并证明了将这位杰出科学家的名字和他的作品回归科学的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
Outdated Vocabulary in the Rutul Language 《规则语言中的过时词汇》
IF 0.5 3区 文学 Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.17759/langt.2020070310
S. Makhmudova
In natural languages, development is noted according to the same laws, no matter how large or small in the number of speakers the language may be. Archaization or the transition of vocabulary to a passive layer is a law common to all languages, depending on the process of development of society itself and going in parallel with it. Our work demonstrates the process of transition of active vocabulary into a passive layer in the minority Rutul language. The outdated vocabulary of the Rutul language has not been the subject of special analysis in the scientific literature, while such layers of vocabulary as livestock vocabulary and borrowed vocabulary, Proverbs, sayings, riddles, phraseology have received some consideration [Huseynova, 1988; Kuliyeva, 2008; Makhmudova, 2014; 2016; Suleymanova, 2018, etc.]. Meanwhile, the passive vocabulary in the language is a significant amount, since the ancient language was subject to changes due to political, economic, social, and cultural changes that occurred in the society that speaks this language.
在自然语言中,发展是根据同样的规律来记录的,无论这种语言的使用者数量是多是少。词汇仿古化或词汇向被动层的过渡是所有语言的共同规律,它取决于社会本身的发展进程,并与之并行。本研究揭示了少数民族鲁图尔语主动词汇向被动词汇过渡的过程。鲁图尔语中过时的词汇并没有成为科学文献中专门分析的主题,而诸如家畜词汇和借用词汇、谚语、谚语、谜语、短语等词汇层已经得到了一些考虑[Huseynova, 1988;Kuliyeva, 2008;Makhmudova, 2014;2016;Suleymanova, 2018等]。同时,由于使用该语言的社会发生了政治、经济、社会和文化的变化,古代语言也会发生变化,因此该语言中的被动词汇数量也很大。
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引用次数: 2
Interrogative Statements in Russian and Spanish Sounding Speech (Based on TV Interview Material) 俄语和西班牙语发音疑问句(基于电视采访材料)
IF 0.5 3区 文学 Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.17759/langt.2020070201
O. Abakumova, L. V. Velichkova
This article is devoted to the study of interrogative statements in Russian and Spanish sounding speech. The role of intonation in creating interrogative meaning is considered. The research is based on the analysis of fragments of video recordings of TV interviews. The texts of the video recordings of the sounding quasi-spontaneous Russian and Spanish speech of the participants of the TV interviews were subjected to an auditive analysis. Analysis of the results of the study of the parameters of interrogative statements in Russian and Spanish sounding speech made it possible to conclude that the behaviour of melodic signs on stressed syllables is nationally specific: the peculiarity of Spanish intonation, which clearly contrasts with Russian, consists in the continuing melodic movement on back-stressed syllables. Based on these parameters of interrogative statements, an attempt is made to represent the system at the intonation level for the Russian and Spanish languages. The appeal to the systematic approach in the study of the intonation level allows us to determine the main units of this level - intonemes as sets of differential features for each of the languages that form communicative types of utterances, and draw conclusions about the main differences in intonation systems.
本文研究了俄语和西班牙语发音语音中的疑问句。分析了语调在疑问句意义形成中的作用。本研究是基于对电视采访录像片段的分析。对电视采访参与者听起来近乎自发的俄语和西班牙语讲话的录像文本进行了听力分析。对俄语和西班牙语发音语音中疑问句参数的研究结果进行分析,可以得出结论,重音音节上的旋律符号的行为是民族特有的:西班牙语语调的特点,与俄语明显相反,在于背重音音节上持续的旋律运动。基于这些疑问句的参数,尝试在语调层面上表示俄语和西班牙语的系统。在语调水平的研究中采用系统的方法,使我们能够确定语调水平的主要单位——语调作为形成交际话语类型的每种语言的不同特征的集合,并得出语调系统的主要差异的结论。
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引用次数: 0
The space of coherence relations and their signalling in discourse 连贯关系的空间及其在话语中的信号传递
IF 0.5 3区 文学 Pub Date : 2019-07-22 DOI: 10.1075/LANGCT.00009.TAB
Maite Taboada
I present an overview of the concept of coherence in discourse and explore how one of the essential elements to that coherence, relational coherence, has been studied and partitioned in different discourse traditions. I then introduce one of the theories that deals with discourse coherence, Rhetorical Structure Theory (RST). Through the description of RST, I investigate fundamental concepts in the study of coherence relations such as the classification of relations and their signalling in discourse.
我概述了语篇连贯的概念,并探讨了这种连贯的基本要素之一,关系连贯,是如何在不同的语篇传统中被研究和划分的。然后,我介绍了一种关于语篇连贯的理论,修辞结构理论。通过对RST的描述,我探讨了连贯关系研究中的基本概念,如关系的分类及其在语篇中的信号传递。
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引用次数: 2
Once more with feeling 再一次带着感觉
IF 0.5 3区 文学 Pub Date : 2019-07-22 DOI: 10.1075/LANGCT.00010.MAR
James R. Martin
If we follow one line of development in systemic functional linguistics (SFL), from Halliday & Hasan (1976) through Martin (1992) to Martin & White (2005), we arrive at a model of discourse semantics with six major systems: ideation and connexion (ideational meaning), identification and periodicity (textual meaning) and negotiation and appraisal (interpersonal meaning). The complementarity of the latter two systems, negotiation and appraisal is the focus on this paper. Work on negotiation was inspired by Berry’s (e.g. 1981a, 1981b) development of Sinclair & Coulthard (1975) analysis of exchange structure. Later work on appraisal was inspired by Plum’s (1988) critique of Labov’s work on narrative (e.g. Labov & Waletzky 1967, Labov 1984). The interaction of the negotiation and appraisal systems is first explored in Martin (2000a) in relation to work on casual conversation by Eggins & Slade (1997). This interaction is further developed here.
如果我们遵循系统功能语言学(SFL)的一条发展路线,从Halliday&Hasan(1976)到Martin(1992)再到Martin&White(2005),我们得出了一个具有六个主要系统的话语语义模型:概念和连接(概念意义)、识别和周期(语篇意义)以及协商和评价(人际意义)。谈判和评估这两种制度的互补性是本文研究的重点。谈判工作的灵感来自Berry(例如1981a、1981b)对Sinclair和Coulthard(1975)交换结构分析的发展。后来的评估工作受到了普鲁姆(1988)对拉博夫叙事工作的批评的启发(例如拉博夫和瓦列茨基,1967年,拉博夫,1984年)。谈判和评估系统的相互作用在Martin(2000a)中首次探讨,与Eggins&Slade(1997)的随意对话工作有关。这种互动在这里得到了进一步发展。
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引用次数: 3
Covert modernist techniques in Australian fiction 澳大利亚小说中隐秘的现代主义手法
IF 0.5 3区 文学 Pub Date : 2019-07-22 DOI: 10.1075/LANGCT.00013.TIL
M. Tilney
Peter Carey’s short story American dreams (Carey 1994 [1974]) presents a recalibration of consciousness as a small Australian town gradually becomes Americanized. The text foregrounds epistemological concerns by demonstrating a clear tendency toward delayed understanding. For this reason, I argue that the story is an instance of modernist fiction: a label not previously applied to Carey’s stories. In contrast with popular modernist techniques such as free indirect discourse and stream of consciousness, the techniques presented in the text appear to be covert, which may at least partially explain why the story has managed to avoid being labelled modernist by literary critics until now. Using analytical tools grounded in systemic functional grammar and appraisal categories, I demonstrate how linguistic analysis can lay bare the covert modernist techniques at work in the story, indicating that such an approach can be a useful complement to non-linguistic literary criticism.
彼得·凯里(Peter Carey)的短篇小说《美国梦》(Carey 1994[1974])呈现了一个澳大利亚小镇逐渐美国化的过程中意识的重新校准。文本通过展示延迟理解的明显倾向来突出认识论问题。出于这个原因,我认为这个故事是现代主义小说的一个例子:凯里的故事以前没有被贴上这个标签。与流行的现代主义技巧,如自由间接话语和意识流相比,文本中呈现的技巧似乎是隐蔽的,这可能至少部分解释了为什么这个故事直到现在才被文学评论家贴上现代主义的标签。使用基于系统功能语法和评价范畴的分析工具,我展示了语言分析如何揭示在故事中起作用的隐蔽的现代主义技巧,表明这种方法可以成为非语言文学批评的有益补充。
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引用次数: 1
A reply to Annabelle Lukin’s review of Discourse, grammar and ideology 对Annabelle Lukin《话语、语法与意识形态》评论的回应
IF 0.5 3区 文学 Pub Date : 2019-07-22 DOI: 10.1075/LANGCT.00017.HAR
C. Hart
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引用次数: 0
Reflection literacy 反思素养
IF 0.5 3区 文学 Pub Date : 2019-07-22 DOI: 10.1075/LANGCT.00011.FRE
Ruth French
Reflection literacy (Hasan 2011 [1996]) proposes that literacy education should orient learners towards critique and the creation of new knowledge. It is a vision for literacy education which deserves deeper consideration within the SFL community and beyond. A key component of reflection literacy is argued to be metalinguistic knowledge, which facilitates conscious reflection on meaning. This paper considers one way that reflection literacy might be enacted in elementary classrooms that are ‘tilted towards reflection’, arguing that dispositions of reflection can be developed from the early school years. Evidence is drawn from a series of case studies conducted in Sydney, Australia. Consideration is also given to how Hasan’s proposal might be used to develop future studies in the field.
反思识字(Hasan 2011[1996])提出,识字教育应引导学习者进行批判和创造新知识。这是一个扫盲教育的愿景,值得SFL社区内外更深入地考虑。反思素养的一个关键组成部分是元语言知识,它有助于对意义的有意识反思。本文考虑了在“倾向于反思”的小学课堂上实施反思素养的一种方式,认为反思的倾向可以从早期开始发展。证据来源于在澳大利亚悉尼进行的一系列案例研究。还考虑了如何利用哈桑的提议来发展该领域的未来研究。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Language Context and Text-The Social Semiotics Forum
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