Pub Date : 2023-11-16DOI: 10.1080/27658511.2023.2278828
Z. Alemayehu, A. S. Minale, S. Legesse
ABSTRACT This study examined the nexus between land use, land cover dynamics, and climate variability and change in the Suha sub-watershed of the upper Blue Nile basin (1990–2020). Data sources such as Landsat images (LULC, NDVI, and LST) and NMAE/KNMI (rainfall) were used and analyzed using ArcGIS 10.7.1, QGIS 2.8.3, and XLSTAT 19. The relationship between NDVI and climate variables was determined using Pearson’s correlation coefficient, while the cellular automata-artificial neural network technique was used to predict future LULC change. Results showed that among the six land use classes, cultivated land gained more than 30%, while grassland lost more than 20% in each decade. The LULC dynamic in the future also showed that bare land and the built-up area had the highest increments, while bush-shrub land had the highest diminishing trends. The NDVI values of each land use class were between −0.14 and +0.74 in 1990 and −0.09 and 0.68 in 2000, respectively. In 2013, the NDVI value ranged from −0.04 to +0.46, and in 2020, it was from −0.08 to 0.55, respectively. The NDVI value of the different land uses showed a decreasing trend. However, LST and rainfall in the watershed showed an increasing and decreasing trend, respectively, which is associated with the LULC daynamics. The correlation between NDVI and LST was found to be negative, whereas the relationship between NDVI and rainfall was positive. Hence, an appropriate use of land is an undeniable fact to minimize the undesirable influence of LULC change on climate variability in the area.
{"title":"Land‑use and land‑cover dynamics nexus to local climate variability in Suha watershed, upper Blue Nile basin, Northwest Ethiopia","authors":"Z. Alemayehu, A. S. Minale, S. Legesse","doi":"10.1080/27658511.2023.2278828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27658511.2023.2278828","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study examined the nexus between land use, land cover dynamics, and climate variability and change in the Suha sub-watershed of the upper Blue Nile basin (1990–2020). Data sources such as Landsat images (LULC, NDVI, and LST) and NMAE/KNMI (rainfall) were used and analyzed using ArcGIS 10.7.1, QGIS 2.8.3, and XLSTAT 19. The relationship between NDVI and climate variables was determined using Pearson’s correlation coefficient, while the cellular automata-artificial neural network technique was used to predict future LULC change. Results showed that among the six land use classes, cultivated land gained more than 30%, while grassland lost more than 20% in each decade. The LULC dynamic in the future also showed that bare land and the built-up area had the highest increments, while bush-shrub land had the highest diminishing trends. The NDVI values of each land use class were between −0.14 and +0.74 in 1990 and −0.09 and 0.68 in 2000, respectively. In 2013, the NDVI value ranged from −0.04 to +0.46, and in 2020, it was from −0.08 to 0.55, respectively. The NDVI value of the different land uses showed a decreasing trend. However, LST and rainfall in the watershed showed an increasing and decreasing trend, respectively, which is associated with the LULC daynamics. The correlation between NDVI and LST was found to be negative, whereas the relationship between NDVI and rainfall was positive. Hence, an appropriate use of land is an undeniable fact to minimize the undesirable influence of LULC change on climate variability in the area.","PeriodicalId":29858,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Environment","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139269724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-12DOI: 10.1080/27658511.2023.2280315
Tasew Tadesse
Ethiopia has been implementing sustainable land management (SLM) measures throughout the country to reverse land degradation. Despite the implementation of various SLM measures in Ethiopia, very little is known about whether these measures are effective from adopting farmers’ perspectives. This study examines the costs, benefits, and returns of SLM practices implemented in the Barcha-Adado watershed in Southern Ethiopia. Data for the analysis were obtained primarily from a survey of 231 barley-growing farmers. Using a cost-benefit analytical framework, the returns of SLM practices were evaluated using the net present value (NPV) and benefit-cost ratio (BCR) over the period 2019 to 2046. The major SLM measures implemented by farmers are soil bunds, fanyajuu bunds, and fanyajuu bunds stabilized with grass strips. The average establishment cost of SLM measures was $171 per hectare. On a per-hectare basis, farmers who implemented SLM practices experienced a 28% higher crop yield and an NPV of $1,491.6 compared to non-adopting farmers. The BCR of SLM practices is 5.16, implying that the present value of the benefits is more than five times higher than the present value of the costs of investment in SLM measures. Returns are the highest for fanyajuu bunds and the least for fanyajuu bunds stabilized with grass strips. Study findings suggest that SLM interventions significantly enhance crop productivity and generate considerable financial returns for adopting farmers. The findings would serve as evidence for the local decision-makers and may provide incentives to scale up the benefits of SLM practices to degraded farmlands in the country.
{"title":"Returns of sustainable land management interventions: Evidence from Southern Ethiopia","authors":"Tasew Tadesse","doi":"10.1080/27658511.2023.2280315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27658511.2023.2280315","url":null,"abstract":"Ethiopia has been implementing sustainable land management (SLM) measures throughout the country to reverse land degradation. Despite the implementation of various SLM measures in Ethiopia, very little is known about whether these measures are effective from adopting farmers’ perspectives. This study examines the costs, benefits, and returns of SLM practices implemented in the Barcha-Adado watershed in Southern Ethiopia. Data for the analysis were obtained primarily from a survey of 231 barley-growing farmers. Using a cost-benefit analytical framework, the returns of SLM practices were evaluated using the net present value (NPV) and benefit-cost ratio (BCR) over the period 2019 to 2046. The major SLM measures implemented by farmers are soil bunds, fanyajuu bunds, and fanyajuu bunds stabilized with grass strips. The average establishment cost of SLM measures was $171 per hectare. On a per-hectare basis, farmers who implemented SLM practices experienced a 28% higher crop yield and an NPV of $1,491.6 compared to non-adopting farmers. The BCR of SLM practices is 5.16, implying that the present value of the benefits is more than five times higher than the present value of the costs of investment in SLM measures. Returns are the highest for fanyajuu bunds and the least for fanyajuu bunds stabilized with grass strips. Study findings suggest that SLM interventions significantly enhance crop productivity and generate considerable financial returns for adopting farmers. The findings would serve as evidence for the local decision-makers and may provide incentives to scale up the benefits of SLM practices to degraded farmlands in the country.","PeriodicalId":29858,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Environment","volume":"26 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135038308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-12DOI: 10.1080/27658511.2023.2278831
Rivka Ofir, Roni Lev, Miriam Ron, Ilan Stavi
The Saint Catherine region of southern Sinai Peninsula’s drylands encompasses a unique combination of geophysical conditions. These features have formed highly diverse habitats, which support extremely complex plant communities. Throughout history, the local Bedouin population has used many of these plants for therapeutic purposes. The objectives of this study were to document the medicinal knowledge for as many as possible plant species, evaluate this ethnobotanic knowledge against a modern biomedical database, and identify links between the two disciplines. On-site gathering of information, through structured interviews with two local key informants, revealed the traditional use of 90 native vegetation species for a range of therapeutic purposes. Surveying the modern biomedical uses of these plant species in the PubMed database revealed medicinal use for 41 of them, as well as other plant species without known traditional therapeutic uses. Of the 41 plant species, in-depth integration of traditional and modern knowledge was implemented for 20 species, for which sufficient information was found in the PubMed. The results highlight the common ground between the two disciplines, and propose bridges between traditional and modern medicines. The study stresses the need for additional research in ethnobotany, which may assist in developing new plant-based medications.
{"title":"Analysis of herbal medicine among Bedouin of the Saint Catherine Protectorate (southern Sinai Peninsula) and its comparison to modern drug design","authors":"Rivka Ofir, Roni Lev, Miriam Ron, Ilan Stavi","doi":"10.1080/27658511.2023.2278831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27658511.2023.2278831","url":null,"abstract":"The Saint Catherine region of southern Sinai Peninsula’s drylands encompasses a unique combination of geophysical conditions. These features have formed highly diverse habitats, which support extremely complex plant communities. Throughout history, the local Bedouin population has used many of these plants for therapeutic purposes. The objectives of this study were to document the medicinal knowledge for as many as possible plant species, evaluate this ethnobotanic knowledge against a modern biomedical database, and identify links between the two disciplines. On-site gathering of information, through structured interviews with two local key informants, revealed the traditional use of 90 native vegetation species for a range of therapeutic purposes. Surveying the modern biomedical uses of these plant species in the PubMed database revealed medicinal use for 41 of them, as well as other plant species without known traditional therapeutic uses. Of the 41 plant species, in-depth integration of traditional and modern knowledge was implemented for 20 species, for which sufficient information was found in the PubMed. The results highlight the common ground between the two disciplines, and propose bridges between traditional and modern medicines. The study stresses the need for additional research in ethnobotany, which may assist in developing new plant-based medications.","PeriodicalId":29858,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Environment","volume":"26 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135038309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Communal land-based resources are an essential source of livelihood in the rural economy of Ethiopia. In particular, the dependence of the landless people on the direct use of communal natural resources for their livelihoods jeopardizes both the resources they depend on and economic opportunities. To overcome such challenges, conservation of communal natural resources through collective action while addressing the food security problem has been described as one of the most appropriate resource management approaches. Thus, this paper explores how the livelihood strategies of landless people influence their willingness to participate in the conservation of natural resources. The study was conducted in five administrative districts in the Tigray region of northern Ethiopia. The findings of this paper are based on the cross-sectional data collected through structured questionnaires from 324 randomly selected landless households. This study extends the previous analyses by introducing a new method of analytical tool, particularly in modeling rural people’s willingness to participate in conservation. The results of ordered probit regression show that a higher level of willingness to conserve natural resources is observed if the household has access to farmland and harness resources generated in protected lands but with no access to artisanal mining and quarries. The study hence concludes that granting landless rural people access to farming activities and allowing them to reap economic benefits generated in protected lands promotes their participation in the conservation of natural resources.
{"title":"Do livelihood strategies affect the willingness to participate in land conservation? The case of landless people in rural Tigray","authors":"Haftu Etsay, Abeba Kelelew, Sehin Kinfu, Melaku Berhe","doi":"10.1080/27658511.2023.2277559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27658511.2023.2277559","url":null,"abstract":"Communal land-based resources are an essential source of livelihood in the rural economy of Ethiopia. In particular, the dependence of the landless people on the direct use of communal natural resources for their livelihoods jeopardizes both the resources they depend on and economic opportunities. To overcome such challenges, conservation of communal natural resources through collective action while addressing the food security problem has been described as one of the most appropriate resource management approaches. Thus, this paper explores how the livelihood strategies of landless people influence their willingness to participate in the conservation of natural resources. The study was conducted in five administrative districts in the Tigray region of northern Ethiopia. The findings of this paper are based on the cross-sectional data collected through structured questionnaires from 324 randomly selected landless households. This study extends the previous analyses by introducing a new method of analytical tool, particularly in modeling rural people’s willingness to participate in conservation. The results of ordered probit regression show that a higher level of willingness to conserve natural resources is observed if the household has access to farmland and harness resources generated in protected lands but with no access to artisanal mining and quarries. The study hence concludes that granting landless rural people access to farming activities and allowing them to reap economic benefits generated in protected lands promotes their participation in the conservation of natural resources.","PeriodicalId":29858,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Environment","volume":"103 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135137996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-05DOI: 10.1080/27658511.2023.2275690
Salem Al Mustanyir
Government financing among OPEC+ countries predominantly stems from oil investments. However, given the global prevalence of communicable and non-communicable diseases, aging, population growth, and pandemic mutations, these countries require more oil investments to finance healthcare, with potential adverse consequence on carbon emissions and climate change. This study aims to investigate the relationship between government healthcare financing and carbon emissions and climate change and propose solutions for greener healthcare financing. Quantitative data from 2000 to 2020 were extracted from the WHO and Global Economy databases. The relationship of four variables indicating government healthcare financing to government budget, to total healthcare financing, to GDP, and per-capita with oil investment were investigated using a multiple regression analysis. The analysis included the world’s ten oil-producing countries with the highest oil revenue to GDP. The results showed significant relationships between government healthcare financing to total healthcare financing, to GDP, and per-capita with oil investment among most of the included countries, thereby demonstrating the substantial contribution of OPEC+ to carbon emissions and climate change. The predominant dependence of OPEC+ on oil for financing, with no tangible future transition insight, should make them persistent contributors to carbon emissions and climate change given the considerable publicly financed part of their healthcare systems and the world’s changeable healthcare needs. Thus, oil-dependent countries should strive to free their healthcare financing from oil investment with the environmental harm that this coupling incurs and adopt transformative strategies that expedite the transition to net-zero carbon emissions.
{"title":"The role of government healthcare financing in carbon emissions and climate change","authors":"Salem Al Mustanyir","doi":"10.1080/27658511.2023.2275690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27658511.2023.2275690","url":null,"abstract":"Government financing among OPEC+ countries predominantly stems from oil investments. However, given the global prevalence of communicable and non-communicable diseases, aging, population growth, and pandemic mutations, these countries require more oil investments to finance healthcare, with potential adverse consequence on carbon emissions and climate change. This study aims to investigate the relationship between government healthcare financing and carbon emissions and climate change and propose solutions for greener healthcare financing. Quantitative data from 2000 to 2020 were extracted from the WHO and Global Economy databases. The relationship of four variables indicating government healthcare financing to government budget, to total healthcare financing, to GDP, and per-capita with oil investment were investigated using a multiple regression analysis. The analysis included the world’s ten oil-producing countries with the highest oil revenue to GDP. The results showed significant relationships between government healthcare financing to total healthcare financing, to GDP, and per-capita with oil investment among most of the included countries, thereby demonstrating the substantial contribution of OPEC+ to carbon emissions and climate change. The predominant dependence of OPEC+ on oil for financing, with no tangible future transition insight, should make them persistent contributors to carbon emissions and climate change given the considerable publicly financed part of their healthcare systems and the world’s changeable healthcare needs. Thus, oil-dependent countries should strive to free their healthcare financing from oil investment with the environmental harm that this coupling incurs and adopt transformative strategies that expedite the transition to net-zero carbon emissions.","PeriodicalId":29858,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Environment","volume":"62 13","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135726469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.1080/27658511.2023.2274646
Maryam Zamanialaei, Aaron M. Shew, Justin J. Fain, Ally Borkowski, Jessica L. McCarty
Crop residue burns typically result in particulate matter (PM2.5), methane (CH4), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrous oxide (N2O), nitrogen oxides (NOx), volatile organic carbon (VOC), and black carbon emissions, which affect air quality and can pose a risk to public health. Currently, Arkansas farmers self-regulate crop burning using voluntary smoke management guidelines to reduce community impacts from smoke by ensuring burns take place in optimal conditions. The aim of this study is to identify burned cropland areas and examine human-caused fire PM2.5 emissions and dispersion during optimal burn conditions, specifically within Mississippi County, Arkansas, USA, using two separate methods. During the 2019 harvest season, high-resolution satellite data was used to manually identify burned areas and crop types. The total cumulative cropland burned area in 2019 was estimated to be 7,137 acres (29.03 km2). Burning harvested rice fields accounted for approximately 35% of the total annual PM2.5 emissions from all annual agricultural burning as reported in the 2017 U.S. EPA National Emissions Inventory, while PM2.5 emissions from burning corn fields were only 8% of the total estimated annual PM2.5 emissions. Approximately 43% of annual agricultural burning PM2.5 emissions occurred between 15 August and 23 October in Mississippi County. These high-resolution burned areas were not captured in the standard coarse resolution active fire products. Secondly, during the 2020 fall harvest season, we measured PM2.5 emissions using a Purple Air sensor and modeled smoke dispersion from a planned burn of rice fields following state-level voluntary guidelines. Additionally, the smoke transport model HYSPLIT was deployed to model this planned burn. The HYSPLIT results suggest that smoke disperses into the atmosphere from burns following the guidelines, limiting ground-level human exposure under optimal burning conditions.
{"title":"Crop Residue burning from high-resolution satellite imagery and PM <sub>2.5</sub> dispersion: A case study of Mississippi County, Arkansas, USA","authors":"Maryam Zamanialaei, Aaron M. Shew, Justin J. Fain, Ally Borkowski, Jessica L. McCarty","doi":"10.1080/27658511.2023.2274646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27658511.2023.2274646","url":null,"abstract":"Crop residue burns typically result in particulate matter (PM2.5), methane (CH4), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrous oxide (N2O), nitrogen oxides (NOx), volatile organic carbon (VOC), and black carbon emissions, which affect air quality and can pose a risk to public health. Currently, Arkansas farmers self-regulate crop burning using voluntary smoke management guidelines to reduce community impacts from smoke by ensuring burns take place in optimal conditions. The aim of this study is to identify burned cropland areas and examine human-caused fire PM2.5 emissions and dispersion during optimal burn conditions, specifically within Mississippi County, Arkansas, USA, using two separate methods. During the 2019 harvest season, high-resolution satellite data was used to manually identify burned areas and crop types. The total cumulative cropland burned area in 2019 was estimated to be 7,137 acres (29.03 km2). Burning harvested rice fields accounted for approximately 35% of the total annual PM2.5 emissions from all annual agricultural burning as reported in the 2017 U.S. EPA National Emissions Inventory, while PM2.5 emissions from burning corn fields were only 8% of the total estimated annual PM2.5 emissions. Approximately 43% of annual agricultural burning PM2.5 emissions occurred between 15 August and 23 October in Mississippi County. These high-resolution burned areas were not captured in the standard coarse resolution active fire products. Secondly, during the 2020 fall harvest season, we measured PM2.5 emissions using a Purple Air sensor and modeled smoke dispersion from a planned burn of rice fields following state-level voluntary guidelines. Additionally, the smoke transport model HYSPLIT was deployed to model this planned burn. The HYSPLIT results suggest that smoke disperses into the atmosphere from burns following the guidelines, limiting ground-level human exposure under optimal burning conditions.","PeriodicalId":29858,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Environment","volume":"37 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135813445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The child mortality rate for children under five years of age is a major problem worldwide. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors responsible for controlling the under-5 mortality rate in G-7 countries. The study utilized monthly time series data from 1971 to 2021 and employed Grossman’s health production function with Driscoll-Kraay’s standard error estimation approach for all statistical analyses. The results showed that economic expansion and the use of renewable energy contribute to the reduction of under-5 mortality rates in G-7 countries, whereas fossil fuels, industrialization, education, and unemployment contribute to the increase in mortality rates. The robust results also revealed that GDP, renewable energy, and education help mitigate under-5 mortality rates in G-7 countries. This analysis plays an essential role in helping G-7 countries reduce their under-5 mortality rates while considering environmental sustainability. Additionally, the required discussions and policy recommendations are also presented.
{"title":"GDP, health expenditure, industrialization, education and environmental sustainability impact on child mortality: Evidence from G-7 countries","authors":"Salma Akter, Liton Chandra Voumik, Md. Hasanur Rahman, Asif Raihan, Grzegorz Zimon","doi":"10.1080/27658511.2023.2269746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27658511.2023.2269746","url":null,"abstract":"The child mortality rate for children under five years of age is a major problem worldwide. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors responsible for controlling the under-5 mortality rate in G-7 countries. The study utilized monthly time series data from 1971 to 2021 and employed Grossman’s health production function with Driscoll-Kraay’s standard error estimation approach for all statistical analyses. The results showed that economic expansion and the use of renewable energy contribute to the reduction of under-5 mortality rates in G-7 countries, whereas fossil fuels, industrialization, education, and unemployment contribute to the increase in mortality rates. The robust results also revealed that GDP, renewable energy, and education help mitigate under-5 mortality rates in G-7 countries. This analysis plays an essential role in helping G-7 countries reduce their under-5 mortality rates while considering environmental sustainability. Additionally, the required discussions and policy recommendations are also presented.","PeriodicalId":29858,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Environment","volume":"24 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135414791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-12DOI: 10.1080/27658511.2023.2262684
Deborah Naa Akoto Dodoo, Philip Antwi-Agyei, Emmanuel Baidoo, Vincent Logah, Awudu Abubakari, Bright Oteng Adarkwa
Land use change has led to drastic soil degradation and greenhouse gas emissions with implications for sustainable agriculture and climate change. Here, we report soil carbon stock and nutrient compositions of four land use types in the forest-savanna transition agro-ecological zone of Ghana. These were cashew, mango, oil palm and arable land. Soil samples were collected at 0–15 cm and 15–30 cm depths from each land use type. Soil nutrients and organic carbon content were greater in the tree-based land use types than in the arable land. Total soil organic carbon (SOC) ranged from 1.71% under cashew to 1.12% under the palms at the 0–15 cm depth. Soil carbon stock under the cashew was 12.5% greater than that of mango (56 Mg C/ha), and 40% more than that under oil palm. However, active carbon or permanganate oxidizable carbon was greatest (~130 mg/kg) under mango and least (~92.6 mg/kg) in arable land in the surface soil. Overall, active carbon was dependent on soil total carbon in the land use types (r = 0.81–0.91). Soil microbial biomass carbon was least in arable land (p < 0.05) and similar among the tree-based systems (p > 0.05) at 0–15 cm depth. No clear trend was observed in the exchangeable base compositions in the surface soils but cashew and mango systems appeared to show significantly greater levels of exchangeable calcium and magnesium, respectively. We conclude that strong nexus between soil microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, and active soil carbon may drive soil carbon dynamics in land use systems of tropical forest-savanna ecotone.
{"title":"Soil carbon stock and nutrient characteristics of forest–savanna transition: Estimates from four land use systems in Ghana","authors":"Deborah Naa Akoto Dodoo, Philip Antwi-Agyei, Emmanuel Baidoo, Vincent Logah, Awudu Abubakari, Bright Oteng Adarkwa","doi":"10.1080/27658511.2023.2262684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27658511.2023.2262684","url":null,"abstract":"Land use change has led to drastic soil degradation and greenhouse gas emissions with implications for sustainable agriculture and climate change. Here, we report soil carbon stock and nutrient compositions of four land use types in the forest-savanna transition agro-ecological zone of Ghana. These were cashew, mango, oil palm and arable land. Soil samples were collected at 0–15 cm and 15–30 cm depths from each land use type. Soil nutrients and organic carbon content were greater in the tree-based land use types than in the arable land. Total soil organic carbon (SOC) ranged from 1.71% under cashew to 1.12% under the palms at the 0–15 cm depth. Soil carbon stock under the cashew was 12.5% greater than that of mango (56 Mg C/ha), and 40% more than that under oil palm. However, active carbon or permanganate oxidizable carbon was greatest (~130 mg/kg) under mango and least (~92.6 mg/kg) in arable land in the surface soil. Overall, active carbon was dependent on soil total carbon in the land use types (r = 0.81–0.91). Soil microbial biomass carbon was least in arable land (p < 0.05) and similar among the tree-based systems (p > 0.05) at 0–15 cm depth. No clear trend was observed in the exchangeable base compositions in the surface soils but cashew and mango systems appeared to show significantly greater levels of exchangeable calcium and magnesium, respectively. We conclude that strong nexus between soil microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, and active soil carbon may drive soil carbon dynamics in land use systems of tropical forest-savanna ecotone.","PeriodicalId":29858,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Environment","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136014689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-12DOI: 10.1080/27658511.2023.2265729
Godfred Safo-Adu, Francis Attiogbe, Ismaila Emahi, Francis Gorman Ofosu
Particulate matter (PM) air pollution has been identified as the leading cause of disease burden in Africa. A greater understanding of particle air pollution and its negative health effects is critical for developing effective and long-term solutions to air pollution. The current research on outdoor and indoor particle pollution concentrations and their health effects in populated African cities was summarised in this study. In academic research databases, 71 articles published in peer-reviewed journals between 2010 and 2023 were located, with 45 reporting on PM concentrations and 27 examining the health impacts of exposure to airborne particles. A narrative synthesis technique was used in the systematic review to critically analyse and provide descriptive summaries of study findings in tabular form. According to the study, most of the research that assessed particle air pollution burdens focused on either PM2.5 or both PM2.5 and PM10. PM2.5 and PM10 levels in ambient and home air surpassed WHO-recommended threshold values. Sub-Saharan Africa has greater PM concentrations than North Africa. Chronic exposure to outdoor and indoor PM2.5 raised the risk of respiratory infections and pulmonary illnesses, with females, children, and the elderly being more vulnerable. The high levels of PM promote the spread of COVID-19 and cause human capital loss, poverty, low agricultural productivity, a decline in food supply, and a decrease in GDP. Reduced energy consumption, environmentally friendly mobility, increased renewable fuel and clean energy generation, and a shift to sustainable clean cooking are all required to reduce particle air pollution in populated African cities.
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