ABSTRACT In addition to the provisioning and supporting ecosystem services, trees on agricultural landscape provide regulating services. Storing carbon in different carbon pools is one of the regulating services offered by trees on farm. However, the carbon storing potential varies with variation in altitudinal class. This study compared the carbon stock potential of farmland trees considering two altitudinal classes, Weina-kola (1500–2000 meter.) and Wein-dega (2000–2500 meter.) in Hawzen district, northern Ethiopia. These traditional altitudinal classes are interpreted as warm and tepid, respectively. Twelve farm sample plots having an area of half a hectare were chosen randomly from both the study sites. A total of 24 composite and 24 undisturbed soil samples were collected from the sample farm plots from 0–15 cm and 15–30 cm soil depths for soil organic carbon (SOC) and bulk density (BD) analysis, respectively. The result showed that total biomass carbon was significantly higher (p < 0.01) in farmland trees of Weina-kola than the Weina-dega. The total biomass carbon was estimated 8.43 and 3.25-ton C ha-1 in Weina-kola and Weina-dega, respectively. Total soil carbon and total carbon did not show significant variation between the two altitudinal classes. The reason for this could be the differences in soil types, environmental variables and management regimes. Hence, this study concluded that altitudinal variation determines the type, number and size of trees grew in each class and brought significant difference in total biomass carbon stored in farmland trees.
农业景观树木除了提供和支持生态系统服务外，还具有调节功能。将碳储存在不同的碳库中是树木在农场提供的调节服务之一。然而，碳储量随海拔等级的变化而变化。本研究比较了埃塞俄比亚北部Hawzen地区Weina-kola(1500-2000米)和Wein-dega(2000-2500米)两个海拔等级的农田树木的碳储量潜力。这些传统的海拔等级分别被解释为温暖和不温。从两个研究地点随机选择了12个面积为半公顷的农场样本地块。在样地0 ~ 15 cm和15 ~ 30 cm土壤深度采集24个复合土壤样品和24个原状土壤样品，分别进行土壤有机碳(SOC)和容重(BD)分析。结果表明:农田乔木的总生物量碳显著高于农田乔木(p < 0.01);Weina-kola和Weina-dega的总生物量碳分别为8.43和3.25 t C ha-1。土壤全碳和全碳在两个海拔等级之间没有显著差异。造成这种情况的原因可能是土壤类型、环境变量和管理制度的差异。因此，本研究认为，海拔的变化决定了每一类树木的生长类型、数量和大小，并带来了农田树木总生物量碳储量的显著差异。
{"title":"Comparison of carbon stock potential of farmland trees in the midlands of Hawzen, Northern Ethiopia","authors":"Haftom Hagos, G. Tesfay, Emiru Brhane, Haftu Abrha, Temesgen Bezabh, Birhane Tesfay, Biniyam Yisehak","doi":"10.1080/27658511.2021.1973696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27658511.2021.1973696","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In addition to the provisioning and supporting ecosystem services, trees on agricultural landscape provide regulating services. Storing carbon in different carbon pools is one of the regulating services offered by trees on farm. However, the carbon storing potential varies with variation in altitudinal class. This study compared the carbon stock potential of farmland trees considering two altitudinal classes, Weina-kola (1500–2000 meter.) and Wein-dega (2000–2500 meter.) in Hawzen district, northern Ethiopia. These traditional altitudinal classes are interpreted as warm and tepid, respectively. Twelve farm sample plots having an area of half a hectare were chosen randomly from both the study sites. A total of 24 composite and 24 undisturbed soil samples were collected from the sample farm plots from 0–15 cm and 15–30 cm soil depths for soil organic carbon (SOC) and bulk density (BD) analysis, respectively. The result showed that total biomass carbon was significantly higher (p < 0.01) in farmland trees of Weina-kola than the Weina-dega. The total biomass carbon was estimated 8.43 and 3.25-ton C ha-1 in Weina-kola and Weina-dega, respectively. Total soil carbon and total carbon did not show significant variation between the two altitudinal classes. The reason for this could be the differences in soil types, environmental variables and management regimes. Hence, this study concluded that altitudinal variation determines the type, number and size of trees grew in each class and brought significant difference in total biomass carbon stored in farmland trees.","PeriodicalId":29858,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Environment","volume":"170 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72792686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/27658511.2021.1951509
S. Murphy
ABSTRACT This paper critically examines the constructed narrative that there is an epistemic intergenerational divide on the topic of climate change, climate science, and the political actions necessary to address the most urgent threats. Analysing publicly available social media data, this paper traces the amplification of youth voice during 2019 and the emergence of this narrative. It compares the dominant messages against 2019 Afrobarometer and Eurobarometer reports which explore voter perspectives on climate change and climate action. Through a process of critical analysis it argues that the constructed narrative of an intergenerational epistemic divide is misleading. It argues that youth voices are subject to structural forms of epistemic injustice and exclusion in climate action deliberations and policy making. However, it finds that voters and older generations are also subject to similar forms of exclusion. Rather than framing this as an epistemic problem, this analysis points to the political-economy climate justice factors influencing the debate. It argues that the real points of contention now rest at the science-policy interface and with what happens when scientific evidence is refracted through dominant political ideologies and translated into policy.
{"title":"Climate change and political (in)action: an intergenerational epistemic divide?","authors":"S. Murphy","doi":"10.1080/27658511.2021.1951509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27658511.2021.1951509","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper critically examines the constructed narrative that there is an epistemic intergenerational divide on the topic of climate change, climate science, and the political actions necessary to address the most urgent threats. Analysing publicly available social media data, this paper traces the amplification of youth voice during 2019 and the emergence of this narrative. It compares the dominant messages against 2019 Afrobarometer and Eurobarometer reports which explore voter perspectives on climate change and climate action. Through a process of critical analysis it argues that the constructed narrative of an intergenerational epistemic divide is misleading. It argues that youth voices are subject to structural forms of epistemic injustice and exclusion in climate action deliberations and policy making. However, it finds that voters and older generations are also subject to similar forms of exclusion. Rather than framing this as an epistemic problem, this analysis points to the political-economy climate justice factors influencing the debate. It argues that the real points of contention now rest at the science-policy interface and with what happens when scientific evidence is refracted through dominant political ideologies and translated into policy.","PeriodicalId":29858,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Environment","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84756581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/27658511.2021.1969139
R. Makwinja, S. Mengistou, E. Kaunda, T. Alamirew
ABSTRACT Lake Malombe supports various ecosystem services (ESs). However, it is increasingly experiencing human-induced pressure. This study used geospatial, household surveys, focus group discussion, key informant interviews, consultative meetings, and field observation on assessing the Land use/Land cover dynamics (LULCD), its trade-offs, and implications on ESs. The findings demonstrated a decrease in forest land (52,932 ha to 78,983 ha) at the expense of cultivated (52,932 ha to 78,983 ha) and settlements (7054 ha to 17,595 ha). Changes in ecological indicators such as fishery, river flow, soil erosion, turbidity, biodiversity, invasion of alien species, scenic beauty, extinction of some species, frequent flooding, cultural value, and carbon sequestration were significantly (p-<0.05) linked to some LULCD classes. The study findings are significant to policymakers, ecosystem managers, the local population, and various stakeholders in understanding conflicting interests and policy priorities to balance the lake ecological restoration and human welfare.
{"title":"Land use/land cover dynamics, trade-offs and implications on tropical inland shallow lakes’ ecosystems’ management: Case of Lake Malombe, Malawi","authors":"R. Makwinja, S. Mengistou, E. Kaunda, T. Alamirew","doi":"10.1080/27658511.2021.1969139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27658511.2021.1969139","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Lake Malombe supports various ecosystem services (ESs). However, it is increasingly experiencing human-induced pressure. This study used geospatial, household surveys, focus group discussion, key informant interviews, consultative meetings, and field observation on assessing the Land use/Land cover dynamics (LULCD), its trade-offs, and implications on ESs. The findings demonstrated a decrease in forest land (52,932 ha to 78,983 ha) at the expense of cultivated (52,932 ha to 78,983 ha) and settlements (7054 ha to 17,595 ha). Changes in ecological indicators such as fishery, river flow, soil erosion, turbidity, biodiversity, invasion of alien species, scenic beauty, extinction of some species, frequent flooding, cultural value, and carbon sequestration were significantly (p-<0.05) linked to some LULCD classes. The study findings are significant to policymakers, ecosystem managers, the local population, and various stakeholders in understanding conflicting interests and policy priorities to balance the lake ecological restoration and human welfare.","PeriodicalId":29858,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Environment","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82471565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/27658511.2021.1957649
Nakachew Assefa
ABSTRACT An increase in population with a tremendous growth rate, the disposal of large amounts of non-decaying waste materials becomes a great concern in developing and developed countries. Also, due to an increase in traffic volumes and loading repetitions, surface distress was observed in most of the asphalt roads. Therefore, recycling waste plastic into a new product is a solution. A cleaned, dried, and grind waste plastic bag is introduced to the asphalt mixture from 6–18% with a 3% increment by the weight of optimum bitumen content for each nominal maximum aggregate size. A total, 171 Marshall and indirect tensile strength samples were prepared. From the test result, the optimum waste plastic bag replacement of 17, 13, and 7% are obtained for 9.5, 12.5, and 19 mm nominal maximum aggregate sizes respectively. From the comprehensive experimental results, its concluded that asphalt mixtures mixed with the optimum amount of waste plastic bag, Marshall stability and tensile strength ratio results can increase on average by 8 % and 4 % respectively. Stability, flow, bulk density, voids, and moisture susceptibility results satisfy the Ethiopian Road Authority minimum specifications.
{"title":"Evaluation of the effect of recycled waste plastic bags on mechanical properties of hot mix asphalt mixtures for road construction","authors":"Nakachew Assefa","doi":"10.1080/27658511.2021.1957649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27658511.2021.1957649","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT An increase in population with a tremendous growth rate, the disposal of large amounts of non-decaying waste materials becomes a great concern in developing and developed countries. Also, due to an increase in traffic volumes and loading repetitions, surface distress was observed in most of the asphalt roads. Therefore, recycling waste plastic into a new product is a solution. A cleaned, dried, and grind waste plastic bag is introduced to the asphalt mixture from 6–18% with a 3% increment by the weight of optimum bitumen content for each nominal maximum aggregate size. A total, 171 Marshall and indirect tensile strength samples were prepared. From the test result, the optimum waste plastic bag replacement of 17, 13, and 7% are obtained for 9.5, 12.5, and 19 mm nominal maximum aggregate sizes respectively. From the comprehensive experimental results, its concluded that asphalt mixtures mixed with the optimum amount of waste plastic bag, Marshall stability and tensile strength ratio results can increase on average by 8 % and 4 % respectively. Stability, flow, bulk density, voids, and moisture susceptibility results satisfy the Ethiopian Road Authority minimum specifications.","PeriodicalId":29858,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Environment","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73343907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/27658511.2021.1988384
Pelin Kınay, Andrew P. Morse, Karyn Morrissey, Mehmet Refik Yücel, P. Staddon
ABSTRACT Older people are more vulnerable to climate change and with its increasing elderly population, inadequate research on the health impacts of climate change has focused on this particular population in China. This study evaluates climate change and health-related knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of elderly residents in three cities Suzhou, Hefei and Xiamen. This cross-sectional study included 3466 participants. Data analysis was undertaken using descriptive methods (Chi-square test). Results showed that the elderly were most concerned about heatwaves, flooding and drought and the main perceived health risks included heatstroke and respiratory diseases. Finally, over half of the participants from Suzhou city reported that they did not receive enough government assistance in extreme events (56%). Findings from this work provide important insights for new adaptation strategies targeting the elderly population. It is recommended that the government should focus on creating awareness of the necessary adaptations the elderly will need to take to alleviate the impact of climate change on their physical health.
{"title":"Risk perception of Chinese elderly: An urban study on adaptation to climate change","authors":"Pelin Kınay, Andrew P. Morse, Karyn Morrissey, Mehmet Refik Yücel, P. Staddon","doi":"10.1080/27658511.2021.1988384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27658511.2021.1988384","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Older people are more vulnerable to climate change and with its increasing elderly population, inadequate research on the health impacts of climate change has focused on this particular population in China. This study evaluates climate change and health-related knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of elderly residents in three cities Suzhou, Hefei and Xiamen. This cross-sectional study included 3466 participants. Data analysis was undertaken using descriptive methods (Chi-square test). Results showed that the elderly were most concerned about heatwaves, flooding and drought and the main perceived health risks included heatstroke and respiratory diseases. Finally, over half of the participants from Suzhou city reported that they did not receive enough government assistance in extreme events (56%). Findings from this work provide important insights for new adaptation strategies targeting the elderly population. It is recommended that the government should focus on creating awareness of the necessary adaptations the elderly will need to take to alleviate the impact of climate change on their physical health.","PeriodicalId":29858,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Environment","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80923696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/27658511.2021.1978633
Wendimagegn T. Dinbore, Wolde C. Dabbo, Aemayehu P. Washe
ABSRACT The current boom in the industrial sector of the country is arise scientific concern about environmental contamination by heavy metals such as chromium. The objective of this project is to fabricate a sensitive and selective electrode for differential pulse voltammetric determination of Cr (VI) in water samples and demonstrate its applicability in complex matrices such as tannery effluent. The drop casting method is use for electrode development. Experimental variables that can influence the DPV response of the developed electrode for Cr (VI) including strength of supporting electrolytes, pH of the solution, and concentration parameters were optimized. The figures of merit of the developed electrode were evaluated and the applicability was demonstrated through determination of Cr (VI) in tannery effluent water. The developed electrode was detected a very low level of Cr (VI) in acetate buffer at pH 5 with limit of detection and limit of quantification 0.0885 and 0.2950 μmol L−1, respectively. The linear calibration plot is R2 value of 0.999 suggesting a very good correlation between DPV current response and concentration of Cr (VI). The current electrode was simple to develop and can successfully be applied for the determination of Cr (VI) in wastewater samples.
{"title":"Differential pulse voltammetric determination of hexavalent chromium using nickel hexacyanoferrate modified glassy carbon electrode","authors":"Wendimagegn T. Dinbore, Wolde C. Dabbo, Aemayehu P. Washe","doi":"10.1080/27658511.2021.1978633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27658511.2021.1978633","url":null,"abstract":"ABSRACT The current boom in the industrial sector of the country is arise scientific concern about environmental contamination by heavy metals such as chromium. The objective of this project is to fabricate a sensitive and selective electrode for differential pulse voltammetric determination of Cr (VI) in water samples and demonstrate its applicability in complex matrices such as tannery effluent. The drop casting method is use for electrode development. Experimental variables that can influence the DPV response of the developed electrode for Cr (VI) including strength of supporting electrolytes, pH of the solution, and concentration parameters were optimized. The figures of merit of the developed electrode were evaluated and the applicability was demonstrated through determination of Cr (VI) in tannery effluent water. The developed electrode was detected a very low level of Cr (VI) in acetate buffer at pH 5 with limit of detection and limit of quantification 0.0885 and 0.2950 μmol L−1, respectively. The linear calibration plot is R2 value of 0.999 suggesting a very good correlation between DPV current response and concentration of Cr (VI). The current electrode was simple to develop and can successfully be applied for the determination of Cr (VI) in wastewater samples.","PeriodicalId":29858,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Environment","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81739945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/27658511.2021.1945282
Davidraj Johnravindar, R. D. Patria, J. Lee, Le Zhang, Y. Tong, Chi‐Hwa Wang, Y. Ok, Guneet Kaur
ABSTRACT Biochar as a biomass derived, low cost, carbon conductive material is considered as an important supplement in the anaerobic digestion (AD) of organic matter. It functions as an electrical grid to allow direct electron transfer from fatty acid oxidizers to methanogenic archaea, thereby promoting syntophy between various microbial groups and leading to efficient methanogenesis. Specific properties of biochar play an important role in promoting syntrophic interactions in AD. As a physical indicator, surface area, porosity, particle size and surface texture of biochar play an important role in governing microbial attachment and enrichment on biochar. This influences the microbial degradation of fatty acids and their subsequent conversion to methane by methanogens. Chemical properties such as the presence of hydrophobic functional groups, molecular nature and redox active groups on biochar surface promote interaction between biochar and microorganisms and provide an increased degree of electron transfer between the attached microorganisms. The above characteristics depend on feedstock and pyrolysis conditions used for biochar production. Unlike previous reviews, herein the desired physical and chemical properties of biochar that promote syntrophy in AD and the factors that influence them have been discussed in detail. Furthermore, engineering of biochar properties by various activation methods to harness favourable characteristics of biochar as an effective AD additive is described. Such a comprehensive account would be useful for engineering efficient biochar-mediated digestions with enhanced syntrophy and overall AD performance.
{"title":"Syntrophic interactions in anaerobic digestion: how biochar properties affect them?","authors":"Davidraj Johnravindar, R. D. Patria, J. Lee, Le Zhang, Y. Tong, Chi‐Hwa Wang, Y. Ok, Guneet Kaur","doi":"10.1080/27658511.2021.1945282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27658511.2021.1945282","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Biochar as a biomass derived, low cost, carbon conductive material is considered as an important supplement in the anaerobic digestion (AD) of organic matter. It functions as an electrical grid to allow direct electron transfer from fatty acid oxidizers to methanogenic archaea, thereby promoting syntophy between various microbial groups and leading to efficient methanogenesis. Specific properties of biochar play an important role in promoting syntrophic interactions in AD. As a physical indicator, surface area, porosity, particle size and surface texture of biochar play an important role in governing microbial attachment and enrichment on biochar. This influences the microbial degradation of fatty acids and their subsequent conversion to methane by methanogens. Chemical properties such as the presence of hydrophobic functional groups, molecular nature and redox active groups on biochar surface promote interaction between biochar and microorganisms and provide an increased degree of electron transfer between the attached microorganisms. The above characteristics depend on feedstock and pyrolysis conditions used for biochar production. Unlike previous reviews, herein the desired physical and chemical properties of biochar that promote syntrophy in AD and the factors that influence them have been discussed in detail. Furthermore, engineering of biochar properties by various activation methods to harness favourable characteristics of biochar as an effective AD additive is described. Such a comprehensive account would be useful for engineering efficient biochar-mediated digestions with enhanced syntrophy and overall AD performance.","PeriodicalId":29858,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Environment","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73004705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/27658511.2021.1951017
Thokozani Hanjahanja-Phiri
Abstract The effects of adverse prenatal conditions are not only experienced over the life course but can be passed on intergenerationally. The present study took advantage of a natural experiment from three drought periods of 1981/82, 1987/88, and 1992/93 that occurred in Malawi with varying severity and used data from a randomized clinical trial (RCT), conducted between 2011–2015 (Protocol #NCT01239693). The present study aimed to assess the effect of the interactions between maternal exposure to drought in early life and prenatal supplementation with a novel supplement [small quantity (SQ), lipid-based nutrient supplement (LNS)], the standard of care prenatal supplement [iron-folic acid or IFA], or a close substitute of the standard of care [multiple micronutrients or MMN], on subsequent infant birth outcomes. During data analysis, ordinary least squares were used to run multiple regressions. The regression results were as follows. When there was no maternal exposure to drought, SQ-LNS compared to IFA appeared to improve subsequent infant birth outcomes for length-for-age Z score or LAZ (0.403 standard deviation (SD), Confidence interval CI [0.099, 0.708]), for subsequent infant weight-for-age Z score or WAZ (0.372 SD, CI [0.053, 0.691]), and for imputed infant birthweight or BTW (125.900 g, CI [2.901, 248.899]). In conclusion, the results show a pattern emerging whereby some positive associations can be observed, specifically, when maternal non-drought exposure variables and the SQ-LNS variable interact. Their combined effects on subsequent infant birth outcomes notably subsequent infant LAZ, subsequent infant WAZ, and subsequent infant imputed BWT appear to be positive.
{"title":"A conceptual framework of the impact of maternal early life drought exposure on newborn size in Malawi","authors":"Thokozani Hanjahanja-Phiri","doi":"10.1080/27658511.2021.1951017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27658511.2021.1951017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The effects of adverse prenatal conditions are not only experienced over the life course but can be passed on intergenerationally. The present study took advantage of a natural experiment from three drought periods of 1981/82, 1987/88, and 1992/93 that occurred in Malawi with varying severity and used data from a randomized clinical trial (RCT), conducted between 2011–2015 (Protocol #NCT01239693). The present study aimed to assess the effect of the interactions between maternal exposure to drought in early life and prenatal supplementation with a novel supplement [small quantity (SQ), lipid-based nutrient supplement (LNS)], the standard of care prenatal supplement [iron-folic acid or IFA], or a close substitute of the standard of care [multiple micronutrients or MMN], on subsequent infant birth outcomes. During data analysis, ordinary least squares were used to run multiple regressions. The regression results were as follows. When there was no maternal exposure to drought, SQ-LNS compared to IFA appeared to improve subsequent infant birth outcomes for length-for-age Z score or LAZ (0.403 standard deviation (SD), Confidence interval CI [0.099, 0.708]), for subsequent infant weight-for-age Z score or WAZ (0.372 SD, CI [0.053, 0.691]), and for imputed infant birthweight or BTW (125.900 g, CI [2.901, 248.899]). In conclusion, the results show a pattern emerging whereby some positive associations can be observed, specifically, when maternal non-drought exposure variables and the SQ-LNS variable interact. Their combined effects on subsequent infant birth outcomes notably subsequent infant LAZ, subsequent infant WAZ, and subsequent infant imputed BWT appear to be positive.","PeriodicalId":29858,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Environment","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81030093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/27658511.2021.1935532
J. Kihila, Kris Wernsted, M. Kaseva
ABSTRACT Waste segregation is an important component in the waste management chain as it makes it possible to realize effective Reuse, Recycling and Recovery (RRR). Unfortunately, it has received little attention and is normally informally practiced in most developing countries (DC). It is also affected by lack of awareness, weak regulatory frameworks and enforcement, lack of economic incentive and a low priority in planning. This study was conducted in Kimara ward in Dar es Salaam city in Tanzania. It employed interviews, household surveys and waste measurements, to establish the potential for RRR as well as the underlying factors that are related to the community perspectives and strategies for enhancement of RRR. Results show that the generation rate was 0.53 kg/Cap.day and the main type was food waste (>60% of the composition by weight). The study revealed further that reuse and recycling of plastics, electronics and metals are informally practiced and the selling chain is from household to waste collectors to recycling centers and finally to industries. The potential for RRR was found to be high but, it is affected by lack of facilities, inadequate enforcement of the policy as well as lack of awareness and strategies for its promotion. Community perceptions on what could be done to improve segregation include the provision of facilities for waste segregation and financial returns to the community from recycling business could promote RRR. Formulation of strategies to formalize and mainstream RRR into training programmes and adequate enforcement mechanisms are some of the recommended policy actions.
{"title":"Waste segregation and potential for recycling -A case study in Dar es Salaam City, Tanzania","authors":"J. Kihila, Kris Wernsted, M. Kaseva","doi":"10.1080/27658511.2021.1935532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27658511.2021.1935532","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Waste segregation is an important component in the waste management chain as it makes it possible to realize effective Reuse, Recycling and Recovery (RRR). Unfortunately, it has received little attention and is normally informally practiced in most developing countries (DC). It is also affected by lack of awareness, weak regulatory frameworks and enforcement, lack of economic incentive and a low priority in planning. This study was conducted in Kimara ward in Dar es Salaam city in Tanzania. It employed interviews, household surveys and waste measurements, to establish the potential for RRR as well as the underlying factors that are related to the community perspectives and strategies for enhancement of RRR. Results show that the generation rate was 0.53 kg/Cap.day and the main type was food waste (>60% of the composition by weight). The study revealed further that reuse and recycling of plastics, electronics and metals are informally practiced and the selling chain is from household to waste collectors to recycling centers and finally to industries. The potential for RRR was found to be high but, it is affected by lack of facilities, inadequate enforcement of the policy as well as lack of awareness and strategies for its promotion. Community perceptions on what could be done to improve segregation include the provision of facilities for waste segregation and financial returns to the community from recycling business could promote RRR. Formulation of strategies to formalize and mainstream RRR into training programmes and adequate enforcement mechanisms are some of the recommended policy actions.","PeriodicalId":29858,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Environment","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88709334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/27658511.2021.1922185
Girum Gebremeskel Kanno, Robel Hussen kabthymer
ABSTRACT Exposure to indoor air pollution (IAP) from cooking with solid fuels affects 2.8 billion people in developing countries, including children and pregnant women. It also increases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes such as low birthweight. This review aims to examine the relationship of IAP with low birthweight. A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, CINAHL, global health and Google Scholar electronic databases. Data analysis was done using STATA Version 14. The heterogeneity of the studies was assessed by using I2 test. A random-effects model was used to estimate pooled odds ratio. The presence of publication bias was checked using the funnel plot and Egger’s test. A total of 129 studies were reviewed, and 6 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. A total of 16,761 mother–child pairs from the selected studies were the study population. The result of the meta-analysis indicated that indoor air pollution from biomass fuel use was associated with low birthweight with a pooled odds ratio of 1.74 (95% CI: 1.14–2.66). Mothers living in households that utilize biomass fuel have a 74% additional risk of giving a low birthweight child than mothers who live in households without air pollution from biomass fuel. Indoor air pollution from cooking fuel increases the risk of low birthweight in sub-Saharan Africa. Promoting clean and effective solid fuels at the household level will help to reduce IAP-related adverse health effects, specifically low birthweight.
在发展中国家，28亿人受到固体燃料烹饪产生的室内空气污染的影响，其中包括儿童和孕妇。它还增加了不良妊娠结果的风险，如低出生体重。本综述旨在探讨IAP与低出生体重的关系。使用PubMed、CINAHL、global health和Google Scholar电子数据库进行系统的文献检索。数据分析使用STATA Version 14完成。采用I2检验评估研究的异质性。采用随机效应模型估计合并优势比。采用漏斗图和Egger检验检验发表偏倚的存在。共纳入129项研究，6项研究符合纳入标准。从所选研究中选出的16,761对母子作为研究人群。荟萃分析结果表明，使用生物质燃料产生的室内空气污染与低出生体重相关，合并优势比为1.74 (95% CI: 1.14-2.66)。生活在使用生物质燃料家庭的母亲生下低出生体重儿的风险比生活在没有生物质燃料造成空气污染家庭的母亲高出74%。烹饪燃料造成的室内空气污染增加了撒哈拉以南非洲出生体重过低的风险。在家庭一级推广清洁和有效的固体燃料将有助于减少与iap有关的不利健康影响，特别是低出生体重。
{"title":"Association of low birthweight with indoor air pollution from biomass fuel in sub-Saharan Africa: A systemic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Girum Gebremeskel Kanno, Robel Hussen kabthymer","doi":"10.1080/27658511.2021.1922185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27658511.2021.1922185","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Exposure to indoor air pollution (IAP) from cooking with solid fuels affects 2.8 billion people in developing countries, including children and pregnant women. It also increases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes such as low birthweight. This review aims to examine the relationship of IAP with low birthweight. A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, CINAHL, global health and Google Scholar electronic databases. Data analysis was done using STATA Version 14. The heterogeneity of the studies was assessed by using I2 test. A random-effects model was used to estimate pooled odds ratio. The presence of publication bias was checked using the funnel plot and Egger’s test. A total of 129 studies were reviewed, and 6 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. A total of 16,761 mother–child pairs from the selected studies were the study population. The result of the meta-analysis indicated that indoor air pollution from biomass fuel use was associated with low birthweight with a pooled odds ratio of 1.74 (95% CI: 1.14–2.66). Mothers living in households that utilize biomass fuel have a 74% additional risk of giving a low birthweight child than mothers who live in households without air pollution from biomass fuel. Indoor air pollution from cooking fuel increases the risk of low birthweight in sub-Saharan Africa. Promoting clean and effective solid fuels at the household level will help to reduce IAP-related adverse health effects, specifically low birthweight.","PeriodicalId":29858,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Environment","volume":"126 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74291225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：