Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23311843.2021.1875556
Nfamara K. Dampha
ABSTRACT This study assesses land-use/land cover (LULC) change in the southwestern region of The Gambia, using remotely sensed satellite imagery. Using a geographic information system (GIS) software, I conducted a pixel-based supervised LULC classification applying the Random Forest Algorithm. I further used the classified LULC maps as part of the input parameters required to run the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) Carbon Storage and Sequestration model. This study attributes the critical drivers of LULC change to deforestation, urbanization, industrial expansion, real estate development, climate change impacts, timber extraction, migration, and population density. Some of the factors are necessary for economic growth but not suitable for sustainable growth or development. The analysis reveals a forest cover loss of 22,408 ha (18% decrease) from 1985 to 2020 in the study area. The deforestation and other LULC changes between 2003 and 2020 have contributed to 21,824 metric tons of carbon emissions. The carbon loss is equivalent to an economic value ranging from US$521,526 to US$6,899,830. The study also presents three LULC projection (2020–2050) scenarios, namely, a business-as-usual (BAU), a new capital city (NCC) development, and a sustainability (SUST) pathway. Consideration of the study recommendations will minimize deforestation, increase carbon sequestration rate, support climate change mitigation, and provide adaptation co-benefits (e.g. urban flood mitigation).
{"title":"Change detection (1985-2020): Projections on land-use land cover, carbon storage, sequestration, and valuation in Southwestern Gambia","authors":"Nfamara K. Dampha","doi":"10.1080/23311843.2021.1875556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311843.2021.1875556","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study assesses land-use/land cover (LULC) change in the southwestern region of The Gambia, using remotely sensed satellite imagery. Using a geographic information system (GIS) software, I conducted a pixel-based supervised LULC classification applying the Random Forest Algorithm. I further used the classified LULC maps as part of the input parameters required to run the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) Carbon Storage and Sequestration model. This study attributes the critical drivers of LULC change to deforestation, urbanization, industrial expansion, real estate development, climate change impacts, timber extraction, migration, and population density. Some of the factors are necessary for economic growth but not suitable for sustainable growth or development. The analysis reveals a forest cover loss of 22,408 ha (18% decrease) from 1985 to 2020 in the study area. The deforestation and other LULC changes between 2003 and 2020 have contributed to 21,824 metric tons of carbon emissions. The carbon loss is equivalent to an economic value ranging from US$521,526 to US$6,899,830. The study also presents three LULC projection (2020–2050) scenarios, namely, a business-as-usual (BAU), a new capital city (NCC) development, and a sustainability (SUST) pathway. Consideration of the study recommendations will minimize deforestation, increase carbon sequestration rate, support climate change mitigation, and provide adaptation co-benefits (e.g. urban flood mitigation).","PeriodicalId":29858,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Environment","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82616284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/27658511.2021.1960097
S. Senadheera, Piumi Amasha Withana, P. D. Dissanayake, B. Sarkar, S. S. Chopra, J. Rhee, Y. Ok
ABSTRACT With technological advancements, many interconnected environmental issues have been worsening, including soil, water, and air pollution, climate change, loss of biodiversity, and over-exploitation of natural resources. With the inception of the term “sustainable development”, many market participants, including institutional and private investors, want to consider environmental sustainability in their investment decisions. However, until the upsurge of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) investing, which is closely associated with sustainability, achieving sustainable development is challenging. ESG, the three critical areas identified by analysts, can significantly impact the financial aspect of a company. As a result, Renewable Energy 100%, the carbon neutrality approach, and the circular economy concept are widely used nowadays as environmental management tools. However, the limited comparability, the biased scoring metrics, the aggregated nature of diverse environmental factors, different methodologies implemented by rating providers, and the lack of robust datasets have resulted in limited usefulness of E (Environmental) scoring as a tool for greening the financial sector. Hence, to improve the relevance of the E pillar, the E in ESG must compose of a set of metrics to address different environmental aspects, thus avoiding unforeseen environmental disasters at a later stage. The inconsistency in the metrics’ scope and its evaluation criteria are the main drawbacks, which must be addressed for the E pillar to become an effective tool for allowing sustainable finance and development.
{"title":"Scoring environment pillar in environmental, social, and governance (ESG) assessment","authors":"S. Senadheera, Piumi Amasha Withana, P. D. Dissanayake, B. Sarkar, S. S. Chopra, J. Rhee, Y. Ok","doi":"10.1080/27658511.2021.1960097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27658511.2021.1960097","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT With technological advancements, many interconnected environmental issues have been worsening, including soil, water, and air pollution, climate change, loss of biodiversity, and over-exploitation of natural resources. With the inception of the term “sustainable development”, many market participants, including institutional and private investors, want to consider environmental sustainability in their investment decisions. However, until the upsurge of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) investing, which is closely associated with sustainability, achieving sustainable development is challenging. ESG, the three critical areas identified by analysts, can significantly impact the financial aspect of a company. As a result, Renewable Energy 100%, the carbon neutrality approach, and the circular economy concept are widely used nowadays as environmental management tools. However, the limited comparability, the biased scoring metrics, the aggregated nature of diverse environmental factors, different methodologies implemented by rating providers, and the lack of robust datasets have resulted in limited usefulness of E (Environmental) scoring as a tool for greening the financial sector. Hence, to improve the relevance of the E pillar, the E in ESG must compose of a set of metrics to address different environmental aspects, thus avoiding unforeseen environmental disasters at a later stage. The inconsistency in the metrics’ scope and its evaluation criteria are the main drawbacks, which must be addressed for the E pillar to become an effective tool for allowing sustainable finance and development.","PeriodicalId":29858,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Environment","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89892272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/27658511.2021.1975916
C. Moran, E. Eichelmann, C.J. Buggy
The fashion industry in its current linear business model of fast-fashion (“Depeche-Mode”) is one of today’s most unsustainable global businesses with textile production alone, significantly contri...
{"title":"The challenge of “Depeche Mode” in the fashion industry – Does the industry have the capacity to become sustainable through circular economic principles, a scoping review","authors":"C. Moran, E. Eichelmann, C.J. Buggy","doi":"10.1080/27658511.2021.1975916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27658511.2021.1975916","url":null,"abstract":"The fashion industry in its current linear business model of fast-fashion (“Depeche-Mode”) is one of today’s most unsustainable global businesses with textile production alone, significantly contri...","PeriodicalId":29858,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Environment","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81240149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/27658511.2021.1947632
D. Bekele, T. Alamirew, A. Kebede, G. Zeleke, A. Melesse
Abstract Natural resource degradation resulting from inappropriate land use and subsequent hydrological change is one of the key problems threatening environmental welfare and sustainable development. This study investigates the changes in the hydrological process in response to the land use and land cover (LULC) dynamics of the Keleta watershed, Awash River basin, Ethiopia using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. The model was calibrated and validated using monthly observed stream flow data for the baseline year (1985) and performed well (NSE ≥ 0.74, RMS ≤ 0.51, and PBIAS ≤ 15.3). An overall increase in the amount of surface runoff and base flow (10.4%) and (0.6%) and a decline in groundwater flow (3.5%) were observed in 2010 compared with the baseline year (1985). The trend of increasing surface runoff and declining groundwater flow due to LULC changes has wider implications for environmental and water resource development. This is expected to exert a substantial adverse impact on ecosystems, hydraulic structures such as dams, reservoirs, and irrigation canals, and rural livelihoods unless appropriate integrated landscape management is implemented.
{"title":"Modeling the impacts of land use and land cover dynamics on hydrological processes of the Keleta watershed, Ethiopia","authors":"D. Bekele, T. Alamirew, A. Kebede, G. Zeleke, A. Melesse","doi":"10.1080/27658511.2021.1947632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27658511.2021.1947632","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Natural resource degradation resulting from inappropriate land use and subsequent hydrological change is one of the key problems threatening environmental welfare and sustainable development. This study investigates the changes in the hydrological process in response to the land use and land cover (LULC) dynamics of the Keleta watershed, Awash River basin, Ethiopia using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. The model was calibrated and validated using monthly observed stream flow data for the baseline year (1985) and performed well (NSE ≥ 0.74, RMS ≤ 0.51, and PBIAS ≤ 15.3). An overall increase in the amount of surface runoff and base flow (10.4%) and (0.6%) and a decline in groundwater flow (3.5%) were observed in 2010 compared with the baseline year (1985). The trend of increasing surface runoff and declining groundwater flow due to LULC changes has wider implications for environmental and water resource development. This is expected to exert a substantial adverse impact on ecosystems, hydraulic structures such as dams, reservoirs, and irrigation canals, and rural livelihoods unless appropriate integrated landscape management is implemented.","PeriodicalId":29858,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Environment","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90811375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/27658511.2021.1988383
Girum Gebremeskel Kanno, B. N. Gondol, Tizalegn Tesfaye Mamo, Abriham Shiferaw Areba1, Zemachu Ashuro Lagiso, Awash Alembo Tsebe, Miheret Tesfu Legesse, Daniel Abera Dansa, M. Admasu, Dagmawit Tesfaye, G. Sisay, Negassa Eshete, Mekonnen Birhanie Aregu
ABSTRACT Improper collection, segregation, transportation, treatment, and disposal of healthcare waste pose risk to public health and the environment. This study aimed to determine healthcare waste generation rate, composition, and management practice in Dilla University Referral Hospital. Methods Institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Dilla University Referral Hospital from May 2019 to June 2019. The quantitative data were collected for eight consecutive days using direct measurement of healthcare waste. The qualitative data were collected by using an observational checklist, and in-depth interview. The collected qualitative data were transcribed, and thematic content analysis was done. A total of 1212.5 kg of healthcare waste was generated in the study period with an average of 151.56 kg (±73.4). The hazardous fraction of the healthcare waste was 581.9 kg (48%) while the generation rate was 0.866 kg bed−1day−1. General waste accounted for 630.6 kg (52%) of the total healthcare waste generated in the teaching hospital, followed by infectious waste at 299.5 kg (24.7%). There was no segregation of healthcare waste by type at the point of generation and there was no pre-treatment of infectious wastes. The placenta pit was used for pathological wastes and open burning was the main disposal mechanism for the remaining wastes. The finding indicated that the proportion of the hazardous waste generated from the hospital was above the World Health Organization recommended threshold. There was a lack of appropriate waste segregation, storage, transport, and disposal practices in the referral hospital. Abbreviations: DURH- Dilla University Referral HospitalHCW- Health Care WasteICU- Intensive Care UnitNICU- Neonatal Intensive Care UnitOR- Operation RoomOPD- Out Patient DepartmentSD- Standard DeviationSDG- Sustainable Development GoalsSNNPRS- Southern Nation Nationality and People Regional StateWHO-World Health Organization
{"title":"Healthcare waste generation, composition and management practice in Dilla university referral hospital: a cross-sectional study","authors":"Girum Gebremeskel Kanno, B. N. Gondol, Tizalegn Tesfaye Mamo, Abriham Shiferaw Areba1, Zemachu Ashuro Lagiso, Awash Alembo Tsebe, Miheret Tesfu Legesse, Daniel Abera Dansa, M. Admasu, Dagmawit Tesfaye, G. Sisay, Negassa Eshete, Mekonnen Birhanie Aregu","doi":"10.1080/27658511.2021.1988383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27658511.2021.1988383","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Improper collection, segregation, transportation, treatment, and disposal of healthcare waste pose risk to public health and the environment. This study aimed to determine healthcare waste generation rate, composition, and management practice in Dilla University Referral Hospital. Methods Institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Dilla University Referral Hospital from May 2019 to June 2019. The quantitative data were collected for eight consecutive days using direct measurement of healthcare waste. The qualitative data were collected by using an observational checklist, and in-depth interview. The collected qualitative data were transcribed, and thematic content analysis was done. A total of 1212.5 kg of healthcare waste was generated in the study period with an average of 151.56 kg (±73.4). The hazardous fraction of the healthcare waste was 581.9 kg (48%) while the generation rate was 0.866 kg bed−1day−1. General waste accounted for 630.6 kg (52%) of the total healthcare waste generated in the teaching hospital, followed by infectious waste at 299.5 kg (24.7%). There was no segregation of healthcare waste by type at the point of generation and there was no pre-treatment of infectious wastes. The placenta pit was used for pathological wastes and open burning was the main disposal mechanism for the remaining wastes. The finding indicated that the proportion of the hazardous waste generated from the hospital was above the World Health Organization recommended threshold. There was a lack of appropriate waste segregation, storage, transport, and disposal practices in the referral hospital. Abbreviations: DURH- Dilla University Referral HospitalHCW- Health Care WasteICU- Intensive Care UnitNICU- Neonatal Intensive Care UnitOR- Operation RoomOPD- Out Patient DepartmentSD- Standard DeviationSDG- Sustainable Development GoalsSNNPRS- Southern Nation Nationality and People Regional StateWHO-World Health Organization","PeriodicalId":29858,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Environment","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82256244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/27658511.2021.1895474
P. Staddon, M. Faghihinia
ABSTRACT Grasslands are coming under ever-increasing pressure worldwide. Many grasslands are degraded due to overgrazing and inappropriate land management. This is impacting belowground biology and soil biological processes. One aspect that deserves far greater attention is the intensity of grazing and how this impacts grassland soil ecosystems. Grazing intensity impacts soil organisms including their diversity and activity, and the soil carbon cycle. However, environmental characteristics determine in part the effects of grazing intensity on soil processes. In addition, many questions remain to be answered in relation to the type of livestock and grazing regime. Only with a fuller understanding of the impacts of grazing on the soil ecosystem will it be possible to advise farmers and land managers on optimal grazing choices for a sustainable future.
{"title":"Grazing intensity is key to global grassland carbon sequestration potential","authors":"P. Staddon, M. Faghihinia","doi":"10.1080/27658511.2021.1895474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27658511.2021.1895474","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Grasslands are coming under ever-increasing pressure worldwide. Many grasslands are degraded due to overgrazing and inappropriate land management. This is impacting belowground biology and soil biological processes. One aspect that deserves far greater attention is the intensity of grazing and how this impacts grassland soil ecosystems. Grazing intensity impacts soil organisms including their diversity and activity, and the soil carbon cycle. However, environmental characteristics determine in part the effects of grazing intensity on soil processes. In addition, many questions remain to be answered in relation to the type of livestock and grazing regime. Only with a fuller understanding of the impacts of grazing on the soil ecosystem will it be possible to advise farmers and land managers on optimal grazing choices for a sustainable future.","PeriodicalId":29858,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Environment","volume":"169 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76453532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23311843.2021.1879450
Jesús Alvarado-Flores, J. Arroyo-Castro, Leonela Chavez-Flores, Ailem Guadalupe Marín-Chan
ABSTRACT The spatial distribution of rotifers in the aquatic ecosystems of the Yucatán peninsula is unclear. The peninsula is a karstic platform with heavy anthropogenic activity that presently puts pressure on and increases the fragmentation of aquatic systems. As the distribution of rotifers is unknown in this region, this study was performed to model spatial distribution of rotifers. Based on the analysis of their absence and presence in aquatic systems, using data from specimens collected in the field and bibliographic information from 1997 to 2018, our goal was to provide protection agencies as well as local and regional users with information on the distribution of microorganisms in the aquatic systems. With this material, an 877-record database with was produced. The bioregion outlined is an area in which 45 genera and 140 species of been observed; the study area contains 47.85% of all the rotifer species reported in Mexico. The essential genera in this bioregion are Brachionus with nine species, Keratella with three and Lecane with 44. In these three genera, we observed two morphotypes of rotifers: a small type in the southern zone and a large type in the northern zone.
{"title":"Spatial distribution overview of rotifers in the Yucatán peninsula, México","authors":"Jesús Alvarado-Flores, J. Arroyo-Castro, Leonela Chavez-Flores, Ailem Guadalupe Marín-Chan","doi":"10.1080/23311843.2021.1879450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311843.2021.1879450","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The spatial distribution of rotifers in the aquatic ecosystems of the Yucatán peninsula is unclear. The peninsula is a karstic platform with heavy anthropogenic activity that presently puts pressure on and increases the fragmentation of aquatic systems. As the distribution of rotifers is unknown in this region, this study was performed to model spatial distribution of rotifers. Based on the analysis of their absence and presence in aquatic systems, using data from specimens collected in the field and bibliographic information from 1997 to 2018, our goal was to provide protection agencies as well as local and regional users with information on the distribution of microorganisms in the aquatic systems. With this material, an 877-record database with was produced. The bioregion outlined is an area in which 45 genera and 140 species of been observed; the study area contains 47.85% of all the rotifer species reported in Mexico. The essential genera in this bioregion are Brachionus with nine species, Keratella with three and Lecane with 44. In these three genera, we observed two morphotypes of rotifers: a small type in the southern zone and a large type in the northern zone.","PeriodicalId":29858,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Environment","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82832019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/27658511.2021.1963927
James Seutra Kaba, A. Abunyewa, J. Kugbe, Godswill K.S Kwashie, E. Owusu Ansah, Henrietta Andoh
ABSTRACT Drought is the most critical abiotic threat to cocoa growth and productivity. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the recent research and developments which have contributed to the biostimulant properties of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and Potassium (K) fertilizer, and suggest the best research strategies for the application of these biostimulants to enhance cocoa growth and adaptation to drought conditions. We identified multiple services provided by AMF and K fertilizers: increase nutrients uptake, activating nitrate reductase, regulating photosynthesis and stomata conductance, improve water use efficiency, root growth etc. These multiple services could be efficiently exploited to enhance drought resilience and improve the survival rate of cocoa. Therefore, there is the need for further studies to assess the effectiveness in using either K or AMF or their combination in building the drought resilience of cocoa at the seedling phase; understand the rates of potassium fertilizers that will improve the physical (e.g. cell wall turgor, roots growth) and biochemical (e.g. Proline, polyamines, enzymatic) characteristics of cocoa seedlings to alleviate water stress. In addition, develop better K recommendations based on soil types, location specific and current cocoa varieties; understand the role of K and or AMF in enhancing drought resilience in cocoa under saline conditions and breeding cocoa genotypes with higher efficiency in K utilization and/or AMF colonization. Eventually, AMF and K can be developed as biostimulants as additional and complementary strategies to be used alongside others to improve cocoa drought resilience.
{"title":"Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and potassium fertilizer as plant biostimulants and alternative research for enhancing plants adaptation to drought stress: Opportunities for enhancing drought tolerance in cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.)","authors":"James Seutra Kaba, A. Abunyewa, J. Kugbe, Godswill K.S Kwashie, E. Owusu Ansah, Henrietta Andoh","doi":"10.1080/27658511.2021.1963927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27658511.2021.1963927","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Drought is the most critical abiotic threat to cocoa growth and productivity. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the recent research and developments which have contributed to the biostimulant properties of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and Potassium (K) fertilizer, and suggest the best research strategies for the application of these biostimulants to enhance cocoa growth and adaptation to drought conditions. We identified multiple services provided by AMF and K fertilizers: increase nutrients uptake, activating nitrate reductase, regulating photosynthesis and stomata conductance, improve water use efficiency, root growth etc. These multiple services could be efficiently exploited to enhance drought resilience and improve the survival rate of cocoa. Therefore, there is the need for further studies to assess the effectiveness in using either K or AMF or their combination in building the drought resilience of cocoa at the seedling phase; understand the rates of potassium fertilizers that will improve the physical (e.g. cell wall turgor, roots growth) and biochemical (e.g. Proline, polyamines, enzymatic) characteristics of cocoa seedlings to alleviate water stress. In addition, develop better K recommendations based on soil types, location specific and current cocoa varieties; understand the role of K and or AMF in enhancing drought resilience in cocoa under saline conditions and breeding cocoa genotypes with higher efficiency in K utilization and/or AMF colonization. Eventually, AMF and K can be developed as biostimulants as additional and complementary strategies to be used alongside others to improve cocoa drought resilience.","PeriodicalId":29858,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Environment","volume":"369 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74930668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/27658511.2021.1895475
Tessema Tesfaye Atumo, R. Kauffman, Deribe Gemiyo Talore, M. Abera, T. Tesfaye, B. Z. Tunkala, Muluken Zeleke, Getinet Kebede Kalsa
ABSTRACT Livestocks fed with high-quality forage deliver better milk and meat, which could benefit the nutritional health of their keepers and consumers. Six alfalfa genotypes were assessed across four locations, Arba Minch, Areka Mante Dubo, Bonga and Hawassa Dilla, for adaptability, forage dry matter (DM) yield, crude protein (CP) concentration, nutrient composition and digestibility characteristics from August 2016 to January 2019. The genotypes were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Plant height at forage harvest was significantly (P < 0.001) varied across the environment among genotypes. Nutrient components, such as neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and lignin, hemicelluloses, in vitro DM digestibility and relative feed value, were significantly (P < 0.01) different for genotype variations. The highest mean DM yield was recorded for FGI-9001 followed by FGI-3054. The highest plant height was recorded for FGI-8091 (60.13 cm), while the shortest genotype was FGI-1011. CP yield was recorded above the threshold level for all genotypes in the test. Highest in vitro DM digestibility and relative feed value with the lowest neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and lignin and cellulose contents were recorded for FGI-9001. Tested alfalfa genotypes varied in terms of forage yield and nutritional quality at different locations. Thus, the result indicates the potential of genotypes, indicating the promotion to advanced varietal evaluation stages including animal test and release as better alternatives for use in the farming system in rain fed condition and irrigation.
{"title":"Adaptability, forage yield and nutritional quality of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) genotypes","authors":"Tessema Tesfaye Atumo, R. Kauffman, Deribe Gemiyo Talore, M. Abera, T. Tesfaye, B. Z. Tunkala, Muluken Zeleke, Getinet Kebede Kalsa","doi":"10.1080/27658511.2021.1895475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27658511.2021.1895475","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Livestocks fed with high-quality forage deliver better milk and meat, which could benefit the nutritional health of their keepers and consumers. Six alfalfa genotypes were assessed across four locations, Arba Minch, Areka Mante Dubo, Bonga and Hawassa Dilla, for adaptability, forage dry matter (DM) yield, crude protein (CP) concentration, nutrient composition and digestibility characteristics from August 2016 to January 2019. The genotypes were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Plant height at forage harvest was significantly (P < 0.001) varied across the environment among genotypes. Nutrient components, such as neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and lignin, hemicelluloses, in vitro DM digestibility and relative feed value, were significantly (P < 0.01) different for genotype variations. The highest mean DM yield was recorded for FGI-9001 followed by FGI-3054. The highest plant height was recorded for FGI-8091 (60.13 cm), while the shortest genotype was FGI-1011. CP yield was recorded above the threshold level for all genotypes in the test. Highest in vitro DM digestibility and relative feed value with the lowest neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and lignin and cellulose contents were recorded for FGI-9001. Tested alfalfa genotypes varied in terms of forage yield and nutritional quality at different locations. Thus, the result indicates the potential of genotypes, indicating the promotion to advanced varietal evaluation stages including animal test and release as better alternatives for use in the farming system in rain fed condition and irrigation.","PeriodicalId":29858,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Environment","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89729369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/27658511.2021.1903699
K. T. Mawcha, Micheale Gebrekirstos Gebreslassie, Hailu Molla Gebreyohannes, Assefa.Mewael Kiros
ABSTRACT Sesame is an important oil crop and is very well-known for its quality plant oil. The study was conducted in Kafta-Humera to assess the rainfall variability and distribution of the area at an annual, seasonal, and monthly and 10 days scales based on the daily rainfall; and to describe the summer based on the accumulated rainfall and dry spell durations. All the meteorological data were analysed using InStat statistical package software. The mean of the kiremt rainfall was 556 mm with 95% confidence for mean 479.8 to 633.43 mm and has high variability with a coefficient of variability about 0.24. The rainfall intensity during the Kiremt season in Humera showed that the seasonal rainfall varies from 307.1 mm to 777 mm in 4 months. March, April, and May were the hottest months, where all the years have at least 1 day with a maximum temperature of above 44°C and the mean seasonal rainfall was 556.61 mm. The variability of the mean temperatures of all the months were very less except for July, August, and October with very high mean monthly temperature variability (SD>4). Kiremt, the main rainy season onset is the first wet spell of the year at least 3 days totalling 20 mm or more, provided there were no sequences of 10 or more dry days in the subsequent 30 days. The start date of sowing at Kafta-Humera was 19 June with a 95% confidence interval of average 07 June to 01 July. It had high variability with a standard deviation of about 2 weeks. Hence, farmers should arrange their sowing time in between the summer onset ranges, i.e. 07 June to 01 July.
芝麻是一种重要的油料作物，以其优质植物油而闻名。在Kafta-Humera进行了基于日降雨量的年、季、月和10天尺度的降雨变率和分布评估;并根据累积降雨量和干旱持续时间来描述夏季。所有气象资料均采用InStat统计软件包进行分析。在479.8 ~ 633.43 mm范围内，平均降雨量为556 mm, 95%置信区间，变异系数约为0.24。雨季降水强度显示，4个月的季节降雨量在307.1 ~ 777 mm之间变化。3、4、5月是最热的月份，全年最高气温44℃以上至少有1天，季节平均降雨量为556.61 mm。除7、8、10月平均气温变异较大(SD>4)外，其余月份的平均气温变异都很小。如果在接下来的30天里没有连续的10天或以上的干旱，主要雨季的开始是一年中第一次有至少3天的总降雨量为20毫米或以上的湿润期。Kafta-Humera的开始播种日期为6月19日，95%可信区间平均为6月7日至7月1日。它具有高变异性，标准差约为2周。因此，农民应将播种时间安排在夏季开始范围之间，即6月7日至7月1日。
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