Pub Date : 2021-12-22DOI: 10.1080/27658511.2021.2007592
Feng Kong
ABSTRACT Catastrophe risk has become one of the important factors threatening the sustainable development of the world. Facing the catastrophe risk, the government bears the responsibility of integrated disaster risk governance. The Chinese government’s involvement in integrated disaster risk governance begins with financial pressure, and the limited nature of existing public finance requires the government to optimize fiscal investment. How to achieve the optimization of the Chinese government’s public financial investment in integrated disaster risk governance is the core topic of this paper. This paper first analyzes the role of the government in the integrated disaster risk governance, and then analyzes the optimization problem of government public financial investment from the structural system and functional system of integrated disaster risk governance. This paper holds that the government needs to accurately evaluate the disaster risk and the cost and benefit of investment in the integrated disaster risk governance. Finally, this paper analyzes the difficulties faced by the government in terms of cost and benefit of integrated disaster risk governance, and proposes that the government’s ability to cope with catastrophe needs to be improved from the aspects of study and judgment ability of catastrophe chain, catastrophe impact and disaster relief resource reserve capacity.
{"title":"How to realize the better integrated disaster risk governance by public financial investment in China?","authors":"Feng Kong","doi":"10.1080/27658511.2021.2007592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27658511.2021.2007592","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Catastrophe risk has become one of the important factors threatening the sustainable development of the world. Facing the catastrophe risk, the government bears the responsibility of integrated disaster risk governance. The Chinese government’s involvement in integrated disaster risk governance begins with financial pressure, and the limited nature of existing public finance requires the government to optimize fiscal investment. How to achieve the optimization of the Chinese government’s public financial investment in integrated disaster risk governance is the core topic of this paper. This paper first analyzes the role of the government in the integrated disaster risk governance, and then analyzes the optimization problem of government public financial investment from the structural system and functional system of integrated disaster risk governance. This paper holds that the government needs to accurately evaluate the disaster risk and the cost and benefit of investment in the integrated disaster risk governance. Finally, this paper analyzes the difficulties faced by the government in terms of cost and benefit of integrated disaster risk governance, and proposes that the government’s ability to cope with catastrophe needs to be improved from the aspects of study and judgment ability of catastrophe chain, catastrophe impact and disaster relief resource reserve capacity.","PeriodicalId":29858,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Environment","volume":"301 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89039252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/27658511.2021.1909860
B. Fonge, Makeu Tangoufo Larissa, Awo Miranda Egbe, Y. Afanga, Nsoh Goodenough Fru, V. Ngole-Jeme
ABSTRACT Indiscriminate use of fertilizers by vegetable growers and poor water quality of irrigational water characterize vegetable production in most parts of Cameroon. The concentrations of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn in the soil, cabbage and carrot cultivated in Santa, North West Region, Cameroon were assessed to determine potential ecological and human health risk associated with the consumption of these two vegetables. Heavy metal concentrations were determined using a ContrAA 300 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer after microwave digestion. The concentrations of As (0.51 mg/kg and 0.38 mg/kg), Co (1.41 mg/kg and 1.39 mg/kg) and Pb (1.36 mg/kg and 1.31 mg/kg) in the cabbage and carrot, respectively, were above the WHO/FAO, permissible limits for human consumption. Health risk index values for Co in cabbage (2.31 mg/kg) and carrot (2.26 mg/kg) indicated significant risks from Co exposure. Geo-accumulation Index indicated that soils from most sites were contaminated. The populations consuming these vegetables are at risk of As, Co and Pb toxicity. Monitoring and sensitization of farmers on the effects of indiscriminate use of agrochemicals is very necessary to protect the health of consumers and preserve the soil quality.
{"title":"An assessment of heavy metal exposure risk associated with consumption of cabbage and carrot grown in a tropical Savannah region","authors":"B. Fonge, Makeu Tangoufo Larissa, Awo Miranda Egbe, Y. Afanga, Nsoh Goodenough Fru, V. Ngole-Jeme","doi":"10.1080/27658511.2021.1909860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27658511.2021.1909860","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Indiscriminate use of fertilizers by vegetable growers and poor water quality of irrigational water characterize vegetable production in most parts of Cameroon. The concentrations of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn in the soil, cabbage and carrot cultivated in Santa, North West Region, Cameroon were assessed to determine potential ecological and human health risk associated with the consumption of these two vegetables. Heavy metal concentrations were determined using a ContrAA 300 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer after microwave digestion. The concentrations of As (0.51 mg/kg and 0.38 mg/kg), Co (1.41 mg/kg and 1.39 mg/kg) and Pb (1.36 mg/kg and 1.31 mg/kg) in the cabbage and carrot, respectively, were above the WHO/FAO, permissible limits for human consumption. Health risk index values for Co in cabbage (2.31 mg/kg) and carrot (2.26 mg/kg) indicated significant risks from Co exposure. Geo-accumulation Index indicated that soils from most sites were contaminated. The populations consuming these vegetables are at risk of As, Co and Pb toxicity. Monitoring and sensitization of farmers on the effects of indiscriminate use of agrochemicals is very necessary to protect the health of consumers and preserve the soil quality.","PeriodicalId":29858,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Environment","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76749140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23311843.2021.1875556
Nfamara K. Dampha
ABSTRACT This study assesses land-use/land cover (LULC) change in the southwestern region of The Gambia, using remotely sensed satellite imagery. Using a geographic information system (GIS) software, I conducted a pixel-based supervised LULC classification applying the Random Forest Algorithm. I further used the classified LULC maps as part of the input parameters required to run the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) Carbon Storage and Sequestration model. This study attributes the critical drivers of LULC change to deforestation, urbanization, industrial expansion, real estate development, climate change impacts, timber extraction, migration, and population density. Some of the factors are necessary for economic growth but not suitable for sustainable growth or development. The analysis reveals a forest cover loss of 22,408 ha (18% decrease) from 1985 to 2020 in the study area. The deforestation and other LULC changes between 2003 and 2020 have contributed to 21,824 metric tons of carbon emissions. The carbon loss is equivalent to an economic value ranging from US$521,526 to US$6,899,830. The study also presents three LULC projection (2020–2050) scenarios, namely, a business-as-usual (BAU), a new capital city (NCC) development, and a sustainability (SUST) pathway. Consideration of the study recommendations will minimize deforestation, increase carbon sequestration rate, support climate change mitigation, and provide adaptation co-benefits (e.g. urban flood mitigation).
{"title":"Change detection (1985-2020): Projections on land-use land cover, carbon storage, sequestration, and valuation in Southwestern Gambia","authors":"Nfamara K. Dampha","doi":"10.1080/23311843.2021.1875556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311843.2021.1875556","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study assesses land-use/land cover (LULC) change in the southwestern region of The Gambia, using remotely sensed satellite imagery. Using a geographic information system (GIS) software, I conducted a pixel-based supervised LULC classification applying the Random Forest Algorithm. I further used the classified LULC maps as part of the input parameters required to run the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) Carbon Storage and Sequestration model. This study attributes the critical drivers of LULC change to deforestation, urbanization, industrial expansion, real estate development, climate change impacts, timber extraction, migration, and population density. Some of the factors are necessary for economic growth but not suitable for sustainable growth or development. The analysis reveals a forest cover loss of 22,408 ha (18% decrease) from 1985 to 2020 in the study area. The deforestation and other LULC changes between 2003 and 2020 have contributed to 21,824 metric tons of carbon emissions. The carbon loss is equivalent to an economic value ranging from US$521,526 to US$6,899,830. The study also presents three LULC projection (2020–2050) scenarios, namely, a business-as-usual (BAU), a new capital city (NCC) development, and a sustainability (SUST) pathway. Consideration of the study recommendations will minimize deforestation, increase carbon sequestration rate, support climate change mitigation, and provide adaptation co-benefits (e.g. urban flood mitigation).","PeriodicalId":29858,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Environment","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82616284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/27658511.2021.1960097
S. Senadheera, Piumi Amasha Withana, P. D. Dissanayake, B. Sarkar, S. S. Chopra, J. Rhee, Y. Ok
ABSTRACT With technological advancements, many interconnected environmental issues have been worsening, including soil, water, and air pollution, climate change, loss of biodiversity, and over-exploitation of natural resources. With the inception of the term “sustainable development”, many market participants, including institutional and private investors, want to consider environmental sustainability in their investment decisions. However, until the upsurge of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) investing, which is closely associated with sustainability, achieving sustainable development is challenging. ESG, the three critical areas identified by analysts, can significantly impact the financial aspect of a company. As a result, Renewable Energy 100%, the carbon neutrality approach, and the circular economy concept are widely used nowadays as environmental management tools. However, the limited comparability, the biased scoring metrics, the aggregated nature of diverse environmental factors, different methodologies implemented by rating providers, and the lack of robust datasets have resulted in limited usefulness of E (Environmental) scoring as a tool for greening the financial sector. Hence, to improve the relevance of the E pillar, the E in ESG must compose of a set of metrics to address different environmental aspects, thus avoiding unforeseen environmental disasters at a later stage. The inconsistency in the metrics’ scope and its evaluation criteria are the main drawbacks, which must be addressed for the E pillar to become an effective tool for allowing sustainable finance and development.
{"title":"Scoring environment pillar in environmental, social, and governance (ESG) assessment","authors":"S. Senadheera, Piumi Amasha Withana, P. D. Dissanayake, B. Sarkar, S. S. Chopra, J. Rhee, Y. Ok","doi":"10.1080/27658511.2021.1960097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27658511.2021.1960097","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT With technological advancements, many interconnected environmental issues have been worsening, including soil, water, and air pollution, climate change, loss of biodiversity, and over-exploitation of natural resources. With the inception of the term “sustainable development”, many market participants, including institutional and private investors, want to consider environmental sustainability in their investment decisions. However, until the upsurge of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) investing, which is closely associated with sustainability, achieving sustainable development is challenging. ESG, the three critical areas identified by analysts, can significantly impact the financial aspect of a company. As a result, Renewable Energy 100%, the carbon neutrality approach, and the circular economy concept are widely used nowadays as environmental management tools. However, the limited comparability, the biased scoring metrics, the aggregated nature of diverse environmental factors, different methodologies implemented by rating providers, and the lack of robust datasets have resulted in limited usefulness of E (Environmental) scoring as a tool for greening the financial sector. Hence, to improve the relevance of the E pillar, the E in ESG must compose of a set of metrics to address different environmental aspects, thus avoiding unforeseen environmental disasters at a later stage. The inconsistency in the metrics’ scope and its evaluation criteria are the main drawbacks, which must be addressed for the E pillar to become an effective tool for allowing sustainable finance and development.","PeriodicalId":29858,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Environment","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89892272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/27658511.2021.1975916
C. Moran, E. Eichelmann, C.J. Buggy
The fashion industry in its current linear business model of fast-fashion (“Depeche-Mode”) is one of today’s most unsustainable global businesses with textile production alone, significantly contri...
{"title":"The challenge of “Depeche Mode” in the fashion industry – Does the industry have the capacity to become sustainable through circular economic principles, a scoping review","authors":"C. Moran, E. Eichelmann, C.J. Buggy","doi":"10.1080/27658511.2021.1975916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27658511.2021.1975916","url":null,"abstract":"The fashion industry in its current linear business model of fast-fashion (“Depeche-Mode”) is one of today’s most unsustainable global businesses with textile production alone, significantly contri...","PeriodicalId":29858,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Environment","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81240149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/27658511.2021.1947632
D. Bekele, T. Alamirew, A. Kebede, G. Zeleke, A. Melesse
Abstract Natural resource degradation resulting from inappropriate land use and subsequent hydrological change is one of the key problems threatening environmental welfare and sustainable development. This study investigates the changes in the hydrological process in response to the land use and land cover (LULC) dynamics of the Keleta watershed, Awash River basin, Ethiopia using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. The model was calibrated and validated using monthly observed stream flow data for the baseline year (1985) and performed well (NSE ≥ 0.74, RMS ≤ 0.51, and PBIAS ≤ 15.3). An overall increase in the amount of surface runoff and base flow (10.4%) and (0.6%) and a decline in groundwater flow (3.5%) were observed in 2010 compared with the baseline year (1985). The trend of increasing surface runoff and declining groundwater flow due to LULC changes has wider implications for environmental and water resource development. This is expected to exert a substantial adverse impact on ecosystems, hydraulic structures such as dams, reservoirs, and irrigation canals, and rural livelihoods unless appropriate integrated landscape management is implemented.
{"title":"Modeling the impacts of land use and land cover dynamics on hydrological processes of the Keleta watershed, Ethiopia","authors":"D. Bekele, T. Alamirew, A. Kebede, G. Zeleke, A. Melesse","doi":"10.1080/27658511.2021.1947632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27658511.2021.1947632","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Natural resource degradation resulting from inappropriate land use and subsequent hydrological change is one of the key problems threatening environmental welfare and sustainable development. This study investigates the changes in the hydrological process in response to the land use and land cover (LULC) dynamics of the Keleta watershed, Awash River basin, Ethiopia using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. The model was calibrated and validated using monthly observed stream flow data for the baseline year (1985) and performed well (NSE ≥ 0.74, RMS ≤ 0.51, and PBIAS ≤ 15.3). An overall increase in the amount of surface runoff and base flow (10.4%) and (0.6%) and a decline in groundwater flow (3.5%) were observed in 2010 compared with the baseline year (1985). The trend of increasing surface runoff and declining groundwater flow due to LULC changes has wider implications for environmental and water resource development. This is expected to exert a substantial adverse impact on ecosystems, hydraulic structures such as dams, reservoirs, and irrigation canals, and rural livelihoods unless appropriate integrated landscape management is implemented.","PeriodicalId":29858,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Environment","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90811375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/27658511.2021.1988383
Girum Gebremeskel Kanno, B. N. Gondol, Tizalegn Tesfaye Mamo, Abriham Shiferaw Areba1, Zemachu Ashuro Lagiso, Awash Alembo Tsebe, Miheret Tesfu Legesse, Daniel Abera Dansa, M. Admasu, Dagmawit Tesfaye, G. Sisay, Negassa Eshete, Mekonnen Birhanie Aregu
ABSTRACT Improper collection, segregation, transportation, treatment, and disposal of healthcare waste pose risk to public health and the environment. This study aimed to determine healthcare waste generation rate, composition, and management practice in Dilla University Referral Hospital. Methods Institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Dilla University Referral Hospital from May 2019 to June 2019. The quantitative data were collected for eight consecutive days using direct measurement of healthcare waste. The qualitative data were collected by using an observational checklist, and in-depth interview. The collected qualitative data were transcribed, and thematic content analysis was done. A total of 1212.5 kg of healthcare waste was generated in the study period with an average of 151.56 kg (±73.4). The hazardous fraction of the healthcare waste was 581.9 kg (48%) while the generation rate was 0.866 kg bed−1day−1. General waste accounted for 630.6 kg (52%) of the total healthcare waste generated in the teaching hospital, followed by infectious waste at 299.5 kg (24.7%). There was no segregation of healthcare waste by type at the point of generation and there was no pre-treatment of infectious wastes. The placenta pit was used for pathological wastes and open burning was the main disposal mechanism for the remaining wastes. The finding indicated that the proportion of the hazardous waste generated from the hospital was above the World Health Organization recommended threshold. There was a lack of appropriate waste segregation, storage, transport, and disposal practices in the referral hospital. Abbreviations: DURH- Dilla University Referral HospitalHCW- Health Care WasteICU- Intensive Care UnitNICU- Neonatal Intensive Care UnitOR- Operation RoomOPD- Out Patient DepartmentSD- Standard DeviationSDG- Sustainable Development GoalsSNNPRS- Southern Nation Nationality and People Regional StateWHO-World Health Organization
{"title":"Healthcare waste generation, composition and management practice in Dilla university referral hospital: a cross-sectional study","authors":"Girum Gebremeskel Kanno, B. N. Gondol, Tizalegn Tesfaye Mamo, Abriham Shiferaw Areba1, Zemachu Ashuro Lagiso, Awash Alembo Tsebe, Miheret Tesfu Legesse, Daniel Abera Dansa, M. Admasu, Dagmawit Tesfaye, G. Sisay, Negassa Eshete, Mekonnen Birhanie Aregu","doi":"10.1080/27658511.2021.1988383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27658511.2021.1988383","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Improper collection, segregation, transportation, treatment, and disposal of healthcare waste pose risk to public health and the environment. This study aimed to determine healthcare waste generation rate, composition, and management practice in Dilla University Referral Hospital. Methods Institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Dilla University Referral Hospital from May 2019 to June 2019. The quantitative data were collected for eight consecutive days using direct measurement of healthcare waste. The qualitative data were collected by using an observational checklist, and in-depth interview. The collected qualitative data were transcribed, and thematic content analysis was done. A total of 1212.5 kg of healthcare waste was generated in the study period with an average of 151.56 kg (±73.4). The hazardous fraction of the healthcare waste was 581.9 kg (48%) while the generation rate was 0.866 kg bed−1day−1. General waste accounted for 630.6 kg (52%) of the total healthcare waste generated in the teaching hospital, followed by infectious waste at 299.5 kg (24.7%). There was no segregation of healthcare waste by type at the point of generation and there was no pre-treatment of infectious wastes. The placenta pit was used for pathological wastes and open burning was the main disposal mechanism for the remaining wastes. The finding indicated that the proportion of the hazardous waste generated from the hospital was above the World Health Organization recommended threshold. There was a lack of appropriate waste segregation, storage, transport, and disposal practices in the referral hospital. Abbreviations: DURH- Dilla University Referral HospitalHCW- Health Care WasteICU- Intensive Care UnitNICU- Neonatal Intensive Care UnitOR- Operation RoomOPD- Out Patient DepartmentSD- Standard DeviationSDG- Sustainable Development GoalsSNNPRS- Southern Nation Nationality and People Regional StateWHO-World Health Organization","PeriodicalId":29858,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Environment","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82256244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/27658511.2021.1963927
James Seutra Kaba, A. Abunyewa, J. Kugbe, Godswill K.S Kwashie, E. Owusu Ansah, Henrietta Andoh
ABSTRACT Drought is the most critical abiotic threat to cocoa growth and productivity. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the recent research and developments which have contributed to the biostimulant properties of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and Potassium (K) fertilizer, and suggest the best research strategies for the application of these biostimulants to enhance cocoa growth and adaptation to drought conditions. We identified multiple services provided by AMF and K fertilizers: increase nutrients uptake, activating nitrate reductase, regulating photosynthesis and stomata conductance, improve water use efficiency, root growth etc. These multiple services could be efficiently exploited to enhance drought resilience and improve the survival rate of cocoa. Therefore, there is the need for further studies to assess the effectiveness in using either K or AMF or their combination in building the drought resilience of cocoa at the seedling phase; understand the rates of potassium fertilizers that will improve the physical (e.g. cell wall turgor, roots growth) and biochemical (e.g. Proline, polyamines, enzymatic) characteristics of cocoa seedlings to alleviate water stress. In addition, develop better K recommendations based on soil types, location specific and current cocoa varieties; understand the role of K and or AMF in enhancing drought resilience in cocoa under saline conditions and breeding cocoa genotypes with higher efficiency in K utilization and/or AMF colonization. Eventually, AMF and K can be developed as biostimulants as additional and complementary strategies to be used alongside others to improve cocoa drought resilience.
{"title":"Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and potassium fertilizer as plant biostimulants and alternative research for enhancing plants adaptation to drought stress: Opportunities for enhancing drought tolerance in cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.)","authors":"James Seutra Kaba, A. Abunyewa, J. Kugbe, Godswill K.S Kwashie, E. Owusu Ansah, Henrietta Andoh","doi":"10.1080/27658511.2021.1963927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27658511.2021.1963927","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Drought is the most critical abiotic threat to cocoa growth and productivity. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the recent research and developments which have contributed to the biostimulant properties of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and Potassium (K) fertilizer, and suggest the best research strategies for the application of these biostimulants to enhance cocoa growth and adaptation to drought conditions. We identified multiple services provided by AMF and K fertilizers: increase nutrients uptake, activating nitrate reductase, regulating photosynthesis and stomata conductance, improve water use efficiency, root growth etc. These multiple services could be efficiently exploited to enhance drought resilience and improve the survival rate of cocoa. Therefore, there is the need for further studies to assess the effectiveness in using either K or AMF or their combination in building the drought resilience of cocoa at the seedling phase; understand the rates of potassium fertilizers that will improve the physical (e.g. cell wall turgor, roots growth) and biochemical (e.g. Proline, polyamines, enzymatic) characteristics of cocoa seedlings to alleviate water stress. In addition, develop better K recommendations based on soil types, location specific and current cocoa varieties; understand the role of K and or AMF in enhancing drought resilience in cocoa under saline conditions and breeding cocoa genotypes with higher efficiency in K utilization and/or AMF colonization. Eventually, AMF and K can be developed as biostimulants as additional and complementary strategies to be used alongside others to improve cocoa drought resilience.","PeriodicalId":29858,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Environment","volume":"369 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74930668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/27658511.2021.1895474
P. Staddon, M. Faghihinia
ABSTRACT Grasslands are coming under ever-increasing pressure worldwide. Many grasslands are degraded due to overgrazing and inappropriate land management. This is impacting belowground biology and soil biological processes. One aspect that deserves far greater attention is the intensity of grazing and how this impacts grassland soil ecosystems. Grazing intensity impacts soil organisms including their diversity and activity, and the soil carbon cycle. However, environmental characteristics determine in part the effects of grazing intensity on soil processes. In addition, many questions remain to be answered in relation to the type of livestock and grazing regime. Only with a fuller understanding of the impacts of grazing on the soil ecosystem will it be possible to advise farmers and land managers on optimal grazing choices for a sustainable future.
{"title":"Grazing intensity is key to global grassland carbon sequestration potential","authors":"P. Staddon, M. Faghihinia","doi":"10.1080/27658511.2021.1895474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27658511.2021.1895474","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Grasslands are coming under ever-increasing pressure worldwide. Many grasslands are degraded due to overgrazing and inappropriate land management. This is impacting belowground biology and soil biological processes. One aspect that deserves far greater attention is the intensity of grazing and how this impacts grassland soil ecosystems. Grazing intensity impacts soil organisms including their diversity and activity, and the soil carbon cycle. However, environmental characteristics determine in part the effects of grazing intensity on soil processes. In addition, many questions remain to be answered in relation to the type of livestock and grazing regime. Only with a fuller understanding of the impacts of grazing on the soil ecosystem will it be possible to advise farmers and land managers on optimal grazing choices for a sustainable future.","PeriodicalId":29858,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Environment","volume":"169 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76453532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23311843.2021.1879450
Jesús Alvarado-Flores, J. Arroyo-Castro, Leonela Chavez-Flores, Ailem Guadalupe Marín-Chan
ABSTRACT The spatial distribution of rotifers in the aquatic ecosystems of the Yucatán peninsula is unclear. The peninsula is a karstic platform with heavy anthropogenic activity that presently puts pressure on and increases the fragmentation of aquatic systems. As the distribution of rotifers is unknown in this region, this study was performed to model spatial distribution of rotifers. Based on the analysis of their absence and presence in aquatic systems, using data from specimens collected in the field and bibliographic information from 1997 to 2018, our goal was to provide protection agencies as well as local and regional users with information on the distribution of microorganisms in the aquatic systems. With this material, an 877-record database with was produced. The bioregion outlined is an area in which 45 genera and 140 species of been observed; the study area contains 47.85% of all the rotifer species reported in Mexico. The essential genera in this bioregion are Brachionus with nine species, Keratella with three and Lecane with 44. In these three genera, we observed two morphotypes of rotifers: a small type in the southern zone and a large type in the northern zone.
{"title":"Spatial distribution overview of rotifers in the Yucatán peninsula, México","authors":"Jesús Alvarado-Flores, J. Arroyo-Castro, Leonela Chavez-Flores, Ailem Guadalupe Marín-Chan","doi":"10.1080/23311843.2021.1879450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311843.2021.1879450","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The spatial distribution of rotifers in the aquatic ecosystems of the Yucatán peninsula is unclear. The peninsula is a karstic platform with heavy anthropogenic activity that presently puts pressure on and increases the fragmentation of aquatic systems. As the distribution of rotifers is unknown in this region, this study was performed to model spatial distribution of rotifers. Based on the analysis of their absence and presence in aquatic systems, using data from specimens collected in the field and bibliographic information from 1997 to 2018, our goal was to provide protection agencies as well as local and regional users with information on the distribution of microorganisms in the aquatic systems. With this material, an 877-record database with was produced. The bioregion outlined is an area in which 45 genera and 140 species of been observed; the study area contains 47.85% of all the rotifer species reported in Mexico. The essential genera in this bioregion are Brachionus with nine species, Keratella with three and Lecane with 44. In these three genera, we observed two morphotypes of rotifers: a small type in the southern zone and a large type in the northern zone.","PeriodicalId":29858,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Environment","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82832019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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