Pub Date : 2023-02-15DOI: 10.3390/materproc2023013027
R. Szabó, M. Szűcs, M. Ambrus, G. Mucsi
: The study focuses on enhancing the reactivity of the fine size fraction of construction and demolition waste (CDW) by mechanical activation in a stirred media mill. Systematic measurements were carried out to monitor the change in cement stone reactivity. The fine size fraction of CDW (<200 µ m) was milled in a stirred media mill for 1, 3, 5
{"title":"Increasing the Pozzolanic Reactivity of Recovered CDW Cement Stone by Mechanical Activation","authors":"R. Szabó, M. Szűcs, M. Ambrus, G. Mucsi","doi":"10.3390/materproc2023013027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2023013027","url":null,"abstract":": The study focuses on enhancing the reactivity of the fine size fraction of construction and demolition waste (CDW) by mechanical activation in a stirred media mill. Systematic measurements were carried out to monitor the change in cement stone reactivity. The fine size fraction of CDW (<200 µ m) was milled in a stirred media mill for 1, 3, 5","PeriodicalId":298795,"journal":{"name":"10th MATBUD&rsquo;2023 Scientific-Technical Conference","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116009395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-15DOI: 10.3390/materproc2023013028
K. Pławecka, Agnieszka Bąk, M. Hebdowska-Krupa, M. Łach
: Diatomites are mineral resources formed from diatoms. They are widely used in sorption processes, medicine, cosmetology, and in protecting animals from parasites. Attempts are being made to incorporate them into concretes and construction binders to improve various performance properties. This paper presents the results of analyses (particle size analysis, XRD, and SEM) of a fine fraction of non-calcined and calcined diatomite as an additive to geopolymers made from fly ash from lignite combustion. The fly ash was also analyzed in the same way. Diatomite was introduced in its calcined and non-calcined form at 10%, 15%, and 30% by weight, replacing parts of the filler sand. The geopolymer mixtures were activated with 10 and 14 M aqueous sodium hydroxide solution with sodium water glass. As a result, it was found that it was possible to obtain geopolymers with diatomite additives with a compressive strength of about 34 MPa. In addition, after the strength tests, the microstructure of the obtained geopolymers was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy.
{"title":"The Use of Calcined Diatomite as an Additive to Geopolymeric Materials","authors":"K. Pławecka, Agnieszka Bąk, M. Hebdowska-Krupa, M. Łach","doi":"10.3390/materproc2023013028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2023013028","url":null,"abstract":": Diatomites are mineral resources formed from diatoms. They are widely used in sorption processes, medicine, cosmetology, and in protecting animals from parasites. Attempts are being made to incorporate them into concretes and construction binders to improve various performance properties. This paper presents the results of analyses (particle size analysis, XRD, and SEM) of a fine fraction of non-calcined and calcined diatomite as an additive to geopolymers made from fly ash from lignite combustion. The fly ash was also analyzed in the same way. Diatomite was introduced in its calcined and non-calcined form at 10%, 15%, and 30% by weight, replacing parts of the filler sand. The geopolymer mixtures were activated with 10 and 14 M aqueous sodium hydroxide solution with sodium water glass. As a result, it was found that it was possible to obtain geopolymers with diatomite additives with a compressive strength of about 34 MPa. In addition, after the strength tests, the microstructure of the obtained geopolymers was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy.","PeriodicalId":298795,"journal":{"name":"10th MATBUD&rsquo;2023 Scientific-Technical Conference","volume":"131 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122490286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-15DOI: 10.3390/materproc2023013022
R. Tokpatayeva, J. Olek, S. Sahu
: This paper focuses on the evaluation of sulfate resistance in carbonated pastes prepared from low-lime calcium silicates (CCS). The chemical interaction between the sulfate solution and paste powders was assessed by monitoring the leaching of the Ca and Si species, reduction in the content of carbonates and formation of gypsum. The analytical techniques used in the study included TGA, ICP-OES and IC. The results of the study revealed that the level of the resistance to the chemical effect of the sulfates depends on the type of the calcium silicate, degree of crystallinity of calcium carbonate, and the type of cation present in the sulfate solution.
{"title":"Sulfate Resistance in Carbonated Low-Calcium Silicate Cement Pastes","authors":"R. Tokpatayeva, J. Olek, S. Sahu","doi":"10.3390/materproc2023013022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2023013022","url":null,"abstract":": This paper focuses on the evaluation of sulfate resistance in carbonated pastes prepared from low-lime calcium silicates (CCS). The chemical interaction between the sulfate solution and paste powders was assessed by monitoring the leaching of the Ca and Si species, reduction in the content of carbonates and formation of gypsum. The analytical techniques used in the study included TGA, ICP-OES and IC. The results of the study revealed that the level of the resistance to the chemical effect of the sulfates depends on the type of the calcium silicate, degree of crystallinity of calcium carbonate, and the type of cation present in the sulfate solution.","PeriodicalId":298795,"journal":{"name":"10th MATBUD&rsquo;2023 Scientific-Technical Conference","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115187644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-15DOI: 10.3390/materproc2023013034
R. Krishna, Suman Saha, K. Korniejenko, T. Qureshi, S. Mustakim
Geopolymer composites provide an environmentally friendly alternative to cement-based composites in the construction industry. Due to their distinctive material composition, geopolymers also exhibit electrically conductive properties, which permit their application as a functional material. The current work aims to study the distinctive electrical properties of fly-ash-based geopolymer composites. Varying dosages of graphene oxide (i.e., 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4% (by wt. of binder)) were introduced into the geopolymer matrix to enhance electrical conductivity. While GO (graphene oxide) is typically less conductive, the interaction of GO sheets with the alkaline solution during geopolymerisation reduced the functional groups and produced cross-linked rGO (reduced graphene oxide) sheets with increased mechanical and electrical conductivity properties. Solid-state impedance spectroscopy was used to characterize the electrical properties of geopolymer composites in terms of several parameters, such as impedance, electrical conductivity and dielectric properties, within the frequency ranging from 101 to 105 Hz. The relationship between the electrical properties and graphene oxide reinforcement can effectively establish geopolymer composite development as smart materials with desirable functionality. The results suggest an effective enhancement in electrical conductivity of up to 7.72 × 10−13 Ω·mm−1 and the dielectric response performance of graphene-reinforced fly-ash-based geopolymer composites.
{"title":"Investigation of the Electrical Properties of Graphene-Reinforced Geopolymer Composites","authors":"R. Krishna, Suman Saha, K. Korniejenko, T. Qureshi, S. Mustakim","doi":"10.3390/materproc2023013034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2023013034","url":null,"abstract":"Geopolymer composites provide an environmentally friendly alternative to cement-based composites in the construction industry. Due to their distinctive material composition, geopolymers also exhibit electrically conductive properties, which permit their application as a functional material. The current work aims to study the distinctive electrical properties of fly-ash-based geopolymer composites. Varying dosages of graphene oxide (i.e., 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4% (by wt. of binder)) were introduced into the geopolymer matrix to enhance electrical conductivity. While GO (graphene oxide) is typically less conductive, the interaction of GO sheets with the alkaline solution during geopolymerisation reduced the functional groups and produced cross-linked rGO (reduced graphene oxide) sheets with increased mechanical and electrical conductivity properties. Solid-state impedance spectroscopy was used to characterize the electrical properties of geopolymer composites in terms of several parameters, such as impedance, electrical conductivity and dielectric properties, within the frequency ranging from 101 to 105 Hz. The relationship between the electrical properties and graphene oxide reinforcement can effectively establish geopolymer composite development as smart materials with desirable functionality. The results suggest an effective enhancement in electrical conductivity of up to 7.72 × 10−13 Ω·mm−1 and the dielectric response performance of graphene-reinforced fly-ash-based geopolymer composites.","PeriodicalId":298795,"journal":{"name":"10th MATBUD&rsquo;2023 Scientific-Technical Conference","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125432126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-14DOI: 10.3390/materproc2023013011
E. Tkaczewska, G. Malata
: In the study, cement mixtures containing granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) and siliceous fly ash (SFA) were tested, including those corresponding to special cements according to the PN-B-19707: 2013 standard. Measurements included the period of development of standard strength (up to 28 days) and concerned the compressive strength, linear changes and phase composition of cement mixtures. Furthermore, an evaluation of the microstructure of cement mortar was carried out by SEM. The mixture of composition CEM II/C-M (S-V) satisfies the requirements of the 32.5R or 32.5N strength class, whereas that of CEM VI (S-V) is of the 32.5N strength class
本研究测试了含有粒状高炉矿渣(GBFS)和硅质粉煤灰(SFA)的水泥混合料，包括符合PN-B-19707: 2013标准的特种水泥。测量包括标准强度的发展周期(长达28天)，并关注水泥混合物的抗压强度，线性变化和相组成。此外，利用扫描电镜对水泥砂浆的微观结构进行了评价。CEM II/C-M (S-V)混合物的强度等级为32.5R或32.5N, CEM VI (S-V)混合物的强度等级为32.5N
{"title":"Properties of the Cement, Slag and Fly Ash Mixture Composition Corresponding to CEM II/C-M and CEM VI","authors":"E. Tkaczewska, G. Malata","doi":"10.3390/materproc2023013011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2023013011","url":null,"abstract":": In the study, cement mixtures containing granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) and siliceous fly ash (SFA) were tested, including those corresponding to special cements according to the PN-B-19707: 2013 standard. Measurements included the period of development of standard strength (up to 28 days) and concerned the compressive strength, linear changes and phase composition of cement mixtures. Furthermore, an evaluation of the microstructure of cement mortar was carried out by SEM. The mixture of composition CEM II/C-M (S-V) satisfies the requirements of the 32.5R or 32.5N strength class, whereas that of CEM VI (S-V) is of the 32.5N strength class","PeriodicalId":298795,"journal":{"name":"10th MATBUD&rsquo;2023 Scientific-Technical Conference","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124405232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-14DOI: 10.3390/materproc2023013009
Yi-Hua Chang, L. Fiala, M. Záleská, D. Koňáková, W. Lin, A. Cheng
: In this study, three industrial by-products (ultrafine fly ash, ground granulated blast-furnace slag (ggbs) and circulating fluidized bed co-fired fly ash) were used to produce ternary cementless composites without using alkali activators. The finenesses of ultrafine fly ash, ggbs and co-fired fly ash were 33,800, 5830 and 5130 cm 2 /g, respectively. The composite material was developed by mixing supplementary cementing materials of different particle sizes and exploiting the high-alkaline properties of the co-fired fly ash to develop a substantial hardening property like cement. The test specimens were made in the form of pastes and the water-to-cementitious-material ratio for the test was fixed at 0.55. The test results show that the flowability of the six different mixtures could be up to 120% and the setting time could be controlled within 24 h. At 60% of the ggbs proportion, the setting time could be held for 8 h. The compressive strength of each proportion reached 7 MPa at 7 days and 14 MPa at 28 days. The water-cured specimens exhibited better strength behavior than the air-cured specimens. Scanning electron microscopy found the main components of strength growth of the specimens to be hydrated reactants of C-A-S-H or ettringite. The results of the XRF analysis show that the specimens responded to higher compressive strengths as the Ca/Si and Ca/Al ratios increased.
本研究以三种工业副产品(超细粉煤灰、磨粒高炉渣和循环流化床共烧粉煤灰)为原料，在不使用碱活化剂的情况下制备三元无水泥复合材料。超细粉煤灰、矿渣和共烧粉煤灰的细度分别为33,800、5830和5130 cm 2 /g。该复合材料是通过混合不同粒径的补充胶凝材料，并利用共烧粉煤灰的高碱性来获得类似水泥的实质性硬化性能。试件以膏体形式制作，试验水胶料比固定为0.55。试验结果表明，6种混合料的流动性可达120%，凝结时间可控制在24 h以内，在ggbs比例为60%时，凝结时间可保持8 h, 7天抗压强度可达7 MPa, 28天抗压强度可达14 MPa。水固化试件的强度表现优于风干试件。扫描电镜发现试样强度增长的主要成分是C-A-S-H或钙矾石的水合反应物。XRF分析结果表明，随着Ca/Si和Ca/Al比的增大，试样的抗压强度增大。
{"title":"Study on the Blending Characteristics of Ternary Cementless Materials","authors":"Yi-Hua Chang, L. Fiala, M. Záleská, D. Koňáková, W. Lin, A. Cheng","doi":"10.3390/materproc2023013009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2023013009","url":null,"abstract":": In this study, three industrial by-products (ultrafine fly ash, ground granulated blast-furnace slag (ggbs) and circulating fluidized bed co-fired fly ash) were used to produce ternary cementless composites without using alkali activators. The finenesses of ultrafine fly ash, ggbs and co-fired fly ash were 33,800, 5830 and 5130 cm 2 /g, respectively. The composite material was developed by mixing supplementary cementing materials of different particle sizes and exploiting the high-alkaline properties of the co-fired fly ash to develop a substantial hardening property like cement. The test specimens were made in the form of pastes and the water-to-cementitious-material ratio for the test was fixed at 0.55. The test results show that the flowability of the six different mixtures could be up to 120% and the setting time could be controlled within 24 h. At 60% of the ggbs proportion, the setting time could be held for 8 h. The compressive strength of each proportion reached 7 MPa at 7 days and 14 MPa at 28 days. The water-cured specimens exhibited better strength behavior than the air-cured specimens. Scanning electron microscopy found the main components of strength growth of the specimens to be hydrated reactants of C-A-S-H or ettringite. The results of the XRF analysis show that the specimens responded to higher compressive strengths as the Ca/Si and Ca/Al ratios increased.","PeriodicalId":298795,"journal":{"name":"10th MATBUD&rsquo;2023 Scientific-Technical Conference","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130774040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-14DOI: 10.3390/materproc2023013019
W. Lin, K. Korniejenko, D. Mierzwiński, M. Łach, A. Cheng, Kae‐Long Lin
: The waste gypsum used in this study was a by-product of petroleum coke burning by petrochemical companies which has been treated with hydration. The waste gypsum has been stored in the atmosphere for over ten years and can be considered an inert filler. Its main chemical components were calcium sulfate dihydrate (47.90%), calcium hydroxide (21.64%) and calcium carbonate (14.80%). In this study, Portland cement and fly ash were used as cementitious materials, and waste gypsum of the particle size from 9.53 mm to 0.149 mm was selected as the fine aggregate to produce a controlled low-strength material (CLSM) and to verify the suitability of reusing waste gypsum. The water to binder ratio of 0.65 was used for the specimen. The test results showed that the CLSM specimen with a high amount of waste gypsum had air-hardening properties. The placement of the specimen in water caused abnormalities, such as cracking and disintegration of the specimens. The compressive strength of atmospherically maintained specimens increased with age, with 4.71 MPa and 6.08 MPa at 28 and 56 days, respectively. No significant changes in weight or volume were measured after the specimens had been left for 56 days and then immersed in seawater and water for 28 days. As specimens were immersed in seawater for up to 100 days, needle-shaped ettringite and C-S-H colloids filled the interface between the pores and the colloids. In accordance with the concept of eco-engineering, special consideration should be given to avoid long-term contact with water and to ensure the safety and durability of waste gypsum reuse through the design of multiple protective layers.
本研究使用的废石膏是石油化工企业燃烧石油焦后的副产物，经水化处理后得到。废石膏在大气中存放了十多年，可以认为是一种惰性填料。其主要化学成分为二水硫酸钙(47.90%)、氢氧化钙(21.64%)和碳酸钙(14.80%)。本研究以波特兰水泥和粉煤灰为胶凝材料，选取粒径为9.53 mm ~ 0.149 mm的废石膏作为细骨料，制备可控低强度材料(CLSM)，验证废石膏再利用的适宜性。试样的水胶比为0.65。试验结果表明，高废石膏掺量的CLSM试样具有良好的空气硬化性能。将标本置于水中会引起异常，如试样开裂和解体。大气保持试样的抗压强度随龄期的增加而增加，28和56 d时分别为4.71 MPa和6.08 MPa。放置56天后，在海水和水中浸泡28天后，样品的重量和体积均无明显变化。试样在海水中浸泡100天，针状钙矾石和C-S-H胶体填充了孔隙与胶体的界面。按照生态工程的理念，应特别考虑避免与水长期接触，并通过多层保护层的设计，确保废石膏回用的安全性和耐久性。
{"title":"Feasibility Study of Waste Gypsum as a Full Replacement for Fine Aggregates of Controlled Low-Strength Material","authors":"W. Lin, K. Korniejenko, D. Mierzwiński, M. Łach, A. Cheng, Kae‐Long Lin","doi":"10.3390/materproc2023013019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2023013019","url":null,"abstract":": The waste gypsum used in this study was a by-product of petroleum coke burning by petrochemical companies which has been treated with hydration. The waste gypsum has been stored in the atmosphere for over ten years and can be considered an inert filler. Its main chemical components were calcium sulfate dihydrate (47.90%), calcium hydroxide (21.64%) and calcium carbonate (14.80%). In this study, Portland cement and fly ash were used as cementitious materials, and waste gypsum of the particle size from 9.53 mm to 0.149 mm was selected as the fine aggregate to produce a controlled low-strength material (CLSM) and to verify the suitability of reusing waste gypsum. The water to binder ratio of 0.65 was used for the specimen. The test results showed that the CLSM specimen with a high amount of waste gypsum had air-hardening properties. The placement of the specimen in water caused abnormalities, such as cracking and disintegration of the specimens. The compressive strength of atmospherically maintained specimens increased with age, with 4.71 MPa and 6.08 MPa at 28 and 56 days, respectively. No significant changes in weight or volume were measured after the specimens had been left for 56 days and then immersed in seawater and water for 28 days. As specimens were immersed in seawater for up to 100 days, needle-shaped ettringite and C-S-H colloids filled the interface between the pores and the colloids. In accordance with the concept of eco-engineering, special consideration should be given to avoid long-term contact with water and to ensure the safety and durability of waste gypsum reuse through the design of multiple protective layers.","PeriodicalId":298795,"journal":{"name":"10th MATBUD&rsquo;2023 Scientific-Technical Conference","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123022292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-14DOI: 10.3390/materproc2023013012
M. Kozłowski, Kinga Zemła
: The application of curved Insulating Glass Units (IGUs) in facades has emerged as a novel solution to meet aesthetic and energy performance objectives. Due to improved stiffness, curved IGUs cannot equalise internal and atmospheric pressure changes by pillowing, as flat IGUs do. Thus, the climatic loads in curved IGUs may be several times higher than those in flat units. This paper deals with experiments and numerical simulations of cylindrically curved IGUs. It presents the results of an experimental campaign designed to collect data that validate the numerical model of a curved IGU developed within this study. The model is sequentially used to analyse a case study that compares the resulting internal pressure, displacement, and stress in glass in a flat and curved IGU subjected to the characteristic climatic actions given by DIN18008-1.
{"title":"Numerical Modelling of Structural Behaviour of Curved Insulating Glass Units","authors":"M. Kozłowski, Kinga Zemła","doi":"10.3390/materproc2023013012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2023013012","url":null,"abstract":": The application of curved Insulating Glass Units (IGUs) in facades has emerged as a novel solution to meet aesthetic and energy performance objectives. Due to improved stiffness, curved IGUs cannot equalise internal and atmospheric pressure changes by pillowing, as flat IGUs do. Thus, the climatic loads in curved IGUs may be several times higher than those in flat units. This paper deals with experiments and numerical simulations of cylindrically curved IGUs. It presents the results of an experimental campaign designed to collect data that validate the numerical model of a curved IGU developed within this study. The model is sequentially used to analyse a case study that compares the resulting internal pressure, displacement, and stress in glass in a flat and curved IGU subjected to the characteristic climatic actions given by DIN18008-1.","PeriodicalId":298795,"journal":{"name":"10th MATBUD&rsquo;2023 Scientific-Technical Conference","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114492744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-14DOI: 10.3390/materproc2023013020
E. Horszczaruk, P. Łukowski
: The research aimed to evaluate the effect of nano-silica (NS) on the strength recovery of the previously heated cement mortars. One hundred twenty cement mortar specimens were prepared with 1% to 5% of NS. The specimens were heated at temperatures ranging from 200 ◦ C to 800 ◦ C. Half of the samples, after heating and cooling, were mechanically tested. The other half of the specimens were stored for 24 months in 90% relative humidity. The presence of NS fostered partial recovery of the compressive strength of the heated mortars. The cement mortars regained more than 40% of their compressive strength after heating at 400 ◦ C and about 25% after heating at 600 ◦ C. The strength recovery phenomenon faded away at 800 ◦ C.
{"title":"The Influence of the Ageing Process on the Mechanical Properties of Cement Mortars with Nano-SiO2 Admixture Initially Subjected to Thermal Treatment †","authors":"E. Horszczaruk, P. Łukowski","doi":"10.3390/materproc2023013020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2023013020","url":null,"abstract":": The research aimed to evaluate the effect of nano-silica (NS) on the strength recovery of the previously heated cement mortars. One hundred twenty cement mortar specimens were prepared with 1% to 5% of NS. The specimens were heated at temperatures ranging from 200 ◦ C to 800 ◦ C. Half of the samples, after heating and cooling, were mechanically tested. The other half of the specimens were stored for 24 months in 90% relative humidity. The presence of NS fostered partial recovery of the compressive strength of the heated mortars. The cement mortars regained more than 40% of their compressive strength after heating at 400 ◦ C and about 25% after heating at 600 ◦ C. The strength recovery phenomenon faded away at 800 ◦ C.","PeriodicalId":298795,"journal":{"name":"10th MATBUD&rsquo;2023 Scientific-Technical Conference","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126927368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-14DOI: 10.3390/materproc2023013021
K. Korniejenko, B. Figiela, K. Pławecka, A. Bulut, B. Şahin, G. Azizağaoğlu, M. Łach
: Implementing the idea of a circular economy is one way to reduce carbon emissions and, at the same time, the consumption of natural resources. The use of mining waste as a raw material helps meet the growing demand for construction materials with a smaller carbon footprint. The article shows the possibility of using a coal shale from Marcel mining to create new eco-friendly materials, geopolymers. The main aim of the presented research includes characteristics of raw material and synthesis of geopolymers based on mining waste (coal shale from Marcel mining) and next, investigations of the obtained materials. Geopolymer was prepared using a sodium activator plus milled and calcinated precursor materials. In this study, the following research methods were used: particle size analysis, XRD analysis, mechanical properties tests (compressive and bonding strength), and microstructure analysis—scanning electron microscopy. The results show potential for the extraction of waste from the Marcel company to obtain material for advanced applications in the geopolymerization process. The material had a compressive strength of 12.7 MPa and a bending strength of 3.4 MPa, which makes it possible for use in construction applications such as various types of foundations, walls, columns, lintels, terraces, stairs, ceilings, small building elements, and small architecture. The proposed process could be a promising alternative to current methods of managing waste rock, in particular hard coal mining.
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