Pub Date : 2018-12-08DOI: 10.1163/21659214-00703007
J. Buss
The term “secular” has long been interpreted in academia either as opposition towards religion or as a neutral position. As a Western concept deeply entangled with Christianity, its application to non-Christian and non-Western societies is highly contested. In our second case study, we focus on media discourse around Nepali democracy as a secular (dharmanirapekṣa) state. The discourse understands dharmanirapekṣa as neutrality or indifference towards all religions, but the idea of opposition is lacking. Secularism is attacked as a Western concept threatening Nepali culture or welcomed as a tool in the fight for recognition of different groups after centuries of domination under high-caste Hindu rule.
{"title":"The Understanding of dharmanirapekṣa (“secular”) in the Nepali Online Newspaper Nagarik","authors":"J. Buss","doi":"10.1163/21659214-00703007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21659214-00703007","url":null,"abstract":"The term “secular” has long been interpreted in academia either as opposition towards religion or as a neutral position. As a Western concept deeply entangled with Christianity, its application to non-Christian and non-Western societies is highly contested. In our second case study, we focus on media discourse around Nepali democracy as a secular (dharmanirapekṣa) state. The discourse understands dharmanirapekṣa as neutrality or indifference towards all religions, but the idea of opposition is lacking. Secularism is attacked as a Western concept threatening Nepali culture or welcomed as a tool in the fight for recognition of different groups after centuries of domination under high-caste Hindu rule.","PeriodicalId":29881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Religion Media and Digital Culture","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85747380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-08DOI: 10.1163/21659214-00703003
Judith Stander-Dulisch
The case study focuses on how the semantic field sacred is linguistically and visually taken up in the German weekly print magazines Stern and Spiegel. Both magazines are defined by the use of visual material. Therefore, the analysis is based on theoretical concepts of image linguistics, which deal with the effect and functions of the connection of language and image in mass media.
{"title":"Visual and Verbal Ascribing of Meanings to the Term “Holy” in the German Magazines Stern and Spiegel","authors":"Judith Stander-Dulisch","doi":"10.1163/21659214-00703003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21659214-00703003","url":null,"abstract":"The case study focuses on how the semantic field sacred is linguistically and visually taken up in the German weekly print magazines Stern and Spiegel. Both magazines are defined by the use of visual material. Therefore, the analysis is based on theoretical concepts of image linguistics, which deal with the effect and functions of the connection of language and image in mass media.","PeriodicalId":29881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Religion Media and Digital Culture","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85075163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-08DOI: 10.1163/21659214-00703006
Timothy Karis
The term ‘secular’ has long been interpreted in academia either as opposition towards religion or as a neutral position. As a Western concept deeply entangled with Christianity, its application to non-Christian and non-Western societies is highly contested. In our first case study, we analyse the British debate about including non-religious belief groups in the radio segment Thought for the Day. The bbc conceives secular as opposition to or absence of religion, whereas secularist groups argue secular worldviews should be treated on par with religious ones.
{"title":"Secular Voices on Air: The British Debate on Thought for the Day","authors":"Timothy Karis","doi":"10.1163/21659214-00703006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21659214-00703006","url":null,"abstract":"The term ‘secular’ has long been interpreted in academia either as opposition towards religion or as a neutral position. As a Western concept deeply entangled with Christianity, its application to non-Christian and non-Western societies is highly contested. In our first case study, we analyse the British debate about including non-religious belief groups in the radio segment Thought for the Day. The bbc conceives secular as opposition to or absence of religion, whereas secularist groups argue secular worldviews should be treated on par with religious ones.","PeriodicalId":29881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Religion Media and Digital Culture","volume":"314 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80072456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-08DOI: 10.1163/21659214-00703011
Kerstin Radde-Antweiler
The Roman Catholic Church has always been present in news media worldwide. In 2013 the papal election caused special attention from the media because of the resignation by Benedict xvi. Heated discussions not only on the possible successor, but also on the necessary obligations of the Pope took place in the press discourse. Is there a changing understanding of authority, as the press coverage as well as millions of websites, Twitter contributions etc. suggested? The influence of new media on religious authority structures is assessed quite differently so far. However, what exactly is understood as religious authority? The paper presents exemplarily the press coverage in the Philippines and discusses the construction of religious authority in the press discourse during the papal election. Applying an analysis model, it thereby analyzes the different construction processes within a specific media genre and asks how and what kind of authority was ascribed to.
{"title":"The Papal Election in the Philippines: Negotiating Religious Authority in Newspapers","authors":"Kerstin Radde-Antweiler","doi":"10.1163/21659214-00703011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21659214-00703011","url":null,"abstract":"The Roman Catholic Church has always been present in news media worldwide. In 2013 the papal election caused special attention from the media because of the resignation by Benedict xvi. Heated discussions not only on the possible successor, but also on the necessary obligations of the Pope took place in the press discourse. Is there a changing understanding of authority, as the press coverage as well as millions of websites, Twitter contributions etc. suggested? The influence of new media on religious authority structures is assessed quite differently so far. However, what exactly is understood as religious authority? The paper presents exemplarily the press coverage in the Philippines and discusses the construction of religious authority in the press discourse during the papal election. Applying an analysis model, it thereby analyzes the different construction processes within a specific media genre and asks how and what kind of authority was ascribed to.","PeriodicalId":29881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Religion Media and Digital Culture","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83672989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-08DOI: 10.1163/21659214-00703002
Xenia Zeiler, Judith Stander-Dulisch
The term “sacred” has a long history, but this introduction demonstrates that the concept of a contrast between the sacred or holy and the profane or trivial arose only at the beginning of the 20th century. A shared characteristic of definitions of the sacred or holy is that they are something special which is separated from the profane or trivial world. In the research discourse, sacred is not just a critical but also a controversial term.In our two case studies, we set out to analyze how meaning is ascribed to the semantic field “sacred”. Building on Laclau’s concept of empty signifiers (Laclau 1996) and the understanding that sacred and related terms of the lexical/semantic field are not stable but have ever-changing meanings, we explore how the semantic field is filled in academic and contemporary journalistic contexts.
{"title":"Introduction: Ascribing Meaning to the Semantic Field “Sacred” in Academic Research and Current Journalism","authors":"Xenia Zeiler, Judith Stander-Dulisch","doi":"10.1163/21659214-00703002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21659214-00703002","url":null,"abstract":"The term “sacred” has a long history, but this introduction demonstrates that the concept of a contrast between the sacred or holy and the profane or trivial arose only at the beginning of the 20th century. A shared characteristic of definitions of the sacred or holy is that they are something special which is separated from the profane or trivial world. In the research discourse, sacred is not just a critical but also a controversial term.In our two case studies, we set out to analyze how meaning is ascribed to the semantic field “sacred”. Building on Laclau’s concept of empty signifiers (Laclau 1996) and the understanding that sacred and related terms of the lexical/semantic field are not stable but have ever-changing meanings, we explore how the semantic field is filled in academic and contemporary journalistic contexts.","PeriodicalId":29881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Religion Media and Digital Culture","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75147605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-08DOI: 10.1163/21659214-00703004
Xenia Zeiler
The understanding of what is “sacred” and needs protection from alleged “trivialising” or “profaning” is obviously diverse. Especially in cases of severe dissent this is negotiated in public, including increasingly in digital journalistic contexts.This article discusses media oppositions to an alleged “trivializing” of Hindu deities in the usa. It contextualizes and analyzes with coding techniques press releases from the website of Rajan Zed, president of the Nevada based Universal Society of Hinduism and the Indo-American Leadership Confederation. The article highlights that and how these press releases, each addressing a specific case of a purported trivialization of Kali, are utilized to propagate specific objectives and interpretations of Hinduism. The article presents an analysis of the verbal content of the online press releases, contextualizes this by discussing the subtext of the verbal expressions, and thus exemplifies that and how digital journalistic contexts contribute to current negotiations of religious identity and authority.
{"title":"Digital Journalistic Uses of the Terms “Sacred” and “Trivial”: Online Press Releases on Portrayals of Hindu Deities in the usa","authors":"Xenia Zeiler","doi":"10.1163/21659214-00703004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21659214-00703004","url":null,"abstract":"The understanding of what is “sacred” and needs protection from alleged “trivialising” or “profaning” is obviously diverse. Especially in cases of severe dissent this is negotiated in public, including increasingly in digital journalistic contexts.This article discusses media oppositions to an alleged “trivializing” of Hindu deities in the usa. It contextualizes and analyzes with coding techniques press releases from the website of Rajan Zed, president of the Nevada based Universal Society of Hinduism and the Indo-American Leadership Confederation. The article highlights that and how these press releases, each addressing a specific case of a purported trivialization of Kali, are utilized to propagate specific objectives and interpretations of Hinduism. The article presents an analysis of the verbal content of the online press releases, contextualizes this by discussing the subtext of the verbal expressions, and thus exemplifies that and how digital journalistic contexts contribute to current negotiations of religious identity and authority.","PeriodicalId":29881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Religion Media and Digital Culture","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82987921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.1163/21659214-00703001
Xenia Zeiler, Kerstin Radde-Antweiler
Religious topics are increasingly addressed in journalism worldwide, including newspapers, television, radio and Internet news. The high visibility of religion in society and, inseparably connected to this, the increasing reappearance of religious themes in news media have come to the attention of recent academic research as well.This special issue offers new research material on the topic but also a new design and system of organizing the field. The novel approach of this special issue is threefold: (1) it focuses specifically and only on journalistic media; (2) it discusses a variety of religious and geographical contexts through case studies; and (3) it introduces a new structure of discussing journalism and religion by analyzing the three key concepts “sacred”, “secular” and “authority” through the lens of Laclau’s (1996, pp. 36) approach to terms as empty signifiers. The articles analyze how news media ascribe meanings to these terms.
{"title":"Introduction to the Special Issue on Journalism, Media and Religion: How News Media Ascribe Meanings to the Terms “Sacred”, “Secular” and “Authority”","authors":"Xenia Zeiler, Kerstin Radde-Antweiler","doi":"10.1163/21659214-00703001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21659214-00703001","url":null,"abstract":"Religious topics are increasingly addressed in journalism worldwide, including newspapers, television, radio and Internet news. The high visibility of religion in society and, inseparably connected to this, the increasing reappearance of religious themes in news media have come to the attention of recent academic research as well.This special issue offers new research material on the topic but also a new design and system of organizing the field. The novel approach of this special issue is threefold: (1) it focuses specifically and only on journalistic media; (2) it discusses a variety of religious and geographical contexts through case studies; and (3) it introduces a new structure of discussing journalism and religion by analyzing the three key concepts “sacred”, “secular” and “authority” through the lens of Laclau’s (1996, pp. 36) approach to terms as empty signifiers. The articles analyze how news media ascribe meanings to these terms.","PeriodicalId":29881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Religion Media and Digital Culture","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74666833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-14DOI: 10.1163/21659214-00702001
T. Axelson
Moving images are more and more in the centre of culture, providing individuals with stories by which reality is maintained and by which humans construct ordered micro-universes for themselves. There is a growing field of research evolving around the idea that culture and art could act as a catalyst for experiences of deeper meaning. In this article, a case study is described and analysed. A contemplative short art film was presented to a group of women as a possible asset for processing fundamental existential life issues. The women did not respond in line with expectations and their impressions of the short film were essentially negative, with expressions of impatience, irritation and even hostility towards the film’s appeal. Two problematic aspects of the film Night are outlined: (1) the meaning of the imagery used was too open and (2) as a piece of art, the film was not in tune with participants’ grieving processes.
{"title":"The Dark Night of the Soul: Art Film, Bereavement and Unsatisfied Audience Responses","authors":"T. Axelson","doi":"10.1163/21659214-00702001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21659214-00702001","url":null,"abstract":"Moving images are more and more in the centre of culture, providing individuals with stories by which reality is maintained and by which humans construct ordered micro-universes for themselves. There is a growing field of research evolving around the idea that culture and art could act as a catalyst for experiences of deeper meaning. In this article, a case study is described and analysed. A contemplative short art film was presented to a group of women as a possible asset for processing fundamental existential life issues. The women did not respond in line with expectations and their impressions of the short film were essentially negative, with expressions of impatience, irritation and even hostility towards the film’s appeal. Two problematic aspects of the film Night are outlined: (1) the meaning of the imagery used was too open and (2) as a piece of art, the film was not in tune with participants’ grieving processes.","PeriodicalId":29881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Religion Media and Digital Culture","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82798948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-14DOI: 10.1163/21659214-00702004
Raoof Mir
Most literature on Mumbai-based Muslim tele-Islamicist Zakir Naik offers an organizational, biographical and ideological profile. This approach has concealed the symbolic significance attached to Naik by his audiences. This paper attempts to explore not only who and what Naik is, but how and where he is located. By incorporating ethnographic and cultural studies approaches, this paper offers fresh insight into Naik and his methods of communicating religion. Taking Srinagar, a city in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir, as an ethnographic site, this paper explores how Muslim individuals or groups interpret Naik in relation to their religious worldviews. The articulation of Islam by Zakir Naik through media platforms such as television and social media has contributed to a religious trend in Kashmir, in which people have discovered new ways to think about themselves and to participate in discourses about religion that would have been unthinkable a few decades ago.
{"title":"Zakir Naik and His Audiences: A Case Study of Srinagar, Kashmir","authors":"Raoof Mir","doi":"10.1163/21659214-00702004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21659214-00702004","url":null,"abstract":"Most literature on Mumbai-based Muslim tele-Islamicist Zakir Naik offers an organizational, biographical and ideological profile. This approach has concealed the symbolic significance attached to Naik by his audiences. This paper attempts to explore not only who and what Naik is, but how and where he is located. By incorporating ethnographic and cultural studies approaches, this paper offers fresh insight into Naik and his methods of communicating religion. Taking Srinagar, a city in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir, as an ethnographic site, this paper explores how Muslim individuals or groups interpret Naik in relation to their religious worldviews. The articulation of Islam by Zakir Naik through media platforms such as television and social media has contributed to a religious trend in Kashmir, in which people have discovered new ways to think about themselves and to participate in discourses about religion that would have been unthinkable a few decades ago.","PeriodicalId":29881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Religion Media and Digital Culture","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88613891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-14DOI: 10.1163/21659214-00702005
M. Tudor, Stefan Bratosin
Studies on religion in the former communist countries show that the cessation of the socialist repressions against the church and religion was followed by a revitalization of religion. Contributions supporting the model of market religion conclude that there is a higher chance of increasing religious competition and pluralization due to the opening of the religious markets, which ultimately led to an increase of religious vitality. Studies arguing for the secularization paradigm consider that the changes in the former communist countries (including Romania) rather reflect a premature secularization (Pickel, 2012). In this view, after an initial boom of religious sentiment, there has been no significant return to religion. This article provides an overview of Romanian religious media and presents the transformations of the Romanian religious media landscape by proposing the hypothesis that the religious media scene in Romania is impacted by the effects of the two co-existing opposite tendencies: religious vitality and incomplete secularization.
{"title":"The Romanian Religious Media Landscape: Between Secularization and the Revitalization of Religion","authors":"M. Tudor, Stefan Bratosin","doi":"10.1163/21659214-00702005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21659214-00702005","url":null,"abstract":"Studies on religion in the former communist countries show that the cessation of the socialist repressions against the church and religion was followed by a revitalization of religion. Contributions supporting the model of market religion conclude that there is a higher chance of increasing religious competition and pluralization due to the opening of the religious markets, which ultimately led to an increase of religious vitality. Studies arguing for the secularization paradigm consider that the changes in the former communist countries (including Romania) rather reflect a premature secularization (Pickel, 2012). In this view, after an initial boom of religious sentiment, there has been no significant return to religion. This article provides an overview of Romanian religious media and presents the transformations of the Romanian religious media landscape by proposing the hypothesis that the religious media scene in Romania is impacted by the effects of the two co-existing opposite tendencies: religious vitality and incomplete secularization.","PeriodicalId":29881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Religion Media and Digital Culture","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87334648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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