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2007 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition最新文献

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Automatic Application Specific Floating-point Unit Generation 特定于应用程序的浮点单元自动生成
Pub Date : 2007-04-16 DOI: 10.5555/1266366.1266464
Yee Jern Chong, S. Parameswaran
This paper describes the creation of custom floating point units (FPUs) for application specific instruction set processors (ASIPs). ASIPs allow the customization of processors for use in embedded systems by extending the instruction set, which enhances the performance of an application or a class of applications. These extended instructions are manifested as separate hardware blocks, making the creation of any necessary floating point instructions quite unwieldy. On the other hand, using a predefined FPU includes a large monolithic hardware block with considerable number of unused instructions. A customized FPU will overcome these drawbacks, yet the manual creation of one is a time consuming, error prone process. This paper presents a methodology for automatically generating floating-point units (FPUs) that are customized for specific applications at the instruction level. Generated FPUs comply with the IEEE754 standard, which is an advantage over FP format customization. Custom FPUs were generated for several Mediabench applications. Area savings over a fully-featured FPU without resource sharing of 26%-80% without resource sharing and 33%-87% with resource sharing, were obtained. Clock period increased in some cases by up to 9.5% due to resource sharing
本文描述了为特定应用指令集处理器(asip)创建自定义浮点单元(fpu)。通过扩展指令集,api允许定制用于嵌入式系统的处理器,从而增强应用程序或一类应用程序的性能。这些扩展指令表现为单独的硬件块,使得创建任何必要的浮点指令非常笨拙。另一方面,使用预定义的FPU包括一个大的单片硬件块,其中包含大量未使用的指令。定制FPU将克服这些缺点,但是手工创建一个FPU是一个耗时且容易出错的过程。本文提出了一种在指令级为特定应用程序定制的自动生成浮点单元(fpu)的方法。生成的fpu符合IEEE754标准,这是fpu格式自定义的优势。为几个mediabbench应用程序生成了自定义fpu。与无资源共享的全功能FPU相比,无资源共享时可节省26%-80%的面积,有资源共享时可节省33%-87%的面积。由于资源共享,时钟周期在某些情况下增加了9.5%
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引用次数: 4
Efficient and Scalable Compiler-Directed Energy Optimization for Realtime Applications 针对实时应用的高效和可扩展的编译器定向能量优化
Pub Date : 2007-04-16 DOI: 10.1109/DATE.2007.364386
Po-Kuan Huang, S. Ghiasi
We present a compilation technique that targets realtime applications running on embedded processors with combined dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) and adaptive body biasing (ABB) capabilities. Considering the delay and energy penalty of switching between operating modes of the processor, our compiler judiciously inserts mode switch instructions in selected locations of the code and generates executable binary that is guaranteed to meet the deadline constraint. More importantly, our algorithm runs very fast and comes reasonably close to the theoretical limit of energy optimization using DVS+ABB. At 65 nm technology, we improve the energy dissipation of the generated code by an average of11.4% under deadline constraints. While our technique's improvement in energy dissipation over conventional DVS is marginal (3%) at 130nm, the average improvement continues to grow to 4.7%, 8.8% and 15.4% for 90nm, 65nm and 45nm technology nodes, respectively. Compared to a recent ILP-based competitor, we improve the runtime by more than three orders of magnitude, while producing improved results
我们提出了一种针对运行在嵌入式处理器上的实时应用程序的编译技术,该处理器具有动态电压缩放(DVS)和自适应体偏置(ABB)功能。考虑到在处理器的工作模式之间切换的延迟和能量损失,我们的编译器明智地在代码的选定位置插入模式切换指令,并生成保证满足最后期限约束的可执行二进制文件。更重要的是,我们的算法运行速度非常快,并且相当接近使用DVS+ABB进行能量优化的理论极限。在65nm技术下,在截止日期限制下,我们将生成代码的能量消耗平均提高了11.4%。虽然我们的技术在130nm节点上对传统分布式交换机的能耗改善很小(3%),但在90nm、65nm和45nm技术节点上,平均改善幅度分别达到4.7%、8.8%和15.4%。与最近基于ilp的竞争对手相比,我们将运行时间提高了三个数量级以上,同时产生了更好的结果
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引用次数: 12
Reduction of Detected Acceptable Faults for Yield Improvement via Error-Tolerance 通过容错来减少可检测的可接受故障以提高成品率
Pub Date : 2007-04-16 DOI: 10.1145/1266366.1266717
Tong-Yu Hsieh, Kuen-Jong Lee, M. Breuer
Error-tolerance is an innovative way to enhance the effective yield of IC products. Previously a test methodology based on error-rate estimation to support error-tolerance was proposed. Without violating the system error-rate constraint specified by the user, this methodology identifies a set of faults that can be ignored during testing, thereby leading to a significant improvement in yield. However, usually the patterns detecting all of the unacceptable faults also detect a large number of acceptable faults, resulting in a degradation in achievable yield improvement. In this paper, the authors first provide a probabilistic analysis of this problem and show that a conventional ATPG procedure cannot adequately address this problem. The authors then present a novel test pattern selection procedure and an output masking technique to deal with this problem. The selection process generates a test set aimed to detect all unacceptable faults but as few acceptable faults as possible. The masking technique then examines the generated test patterns and identifies a list of output lines that can be masked (not observed) during testing so as to further avoid the detection of acceptable faults. Experimental results show that by employing the proposed techniques, only a small number of acceptable faults are still detected. In many cases the actual yield improvement approaches the optimal value that can be achieved
容错是提高集成电路产品有效良率的创新途径。在此之前,提出了一种基于错误率估计支持容错的测试方法。在不违反用户指定的系统错误率约束的情况下,该方法确定了一组在测试期间可以忽略的故障,从而导致产量的显著提高。然而,通常检测所有不可接受错误的模式也会检测大量可接受错误,从而导致可实现的良率改进的降低。在本文中,作者首先提供了这个问题的概率分析,并表明传统的ATPG程序不能充分解决这个问题。然后,作者提出了一种新的测试模式选择程序和输出掩蔽技术来解决这个问题。选择过程生成一个测试集,旨在检测所有不可接受的错误,但尽可能少地检测可接受的错误。然后,屏蔽技术检查生成的测试模式,并确定在测试期间可以屏蔽(未观察到)的输出行列表,以便进一步避免检测到可接受的错误。实验结果表明,采用所提出的技术,仍然只检测到少量可接受的故障。在许多情况下,实际的产量改进接近于可以达到的最优值
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引用次数: 33
A Sophisticated Memory Test Engine for LCD Display Drivers 液晶显示驱动的复杂内存测试引擎
Pub Date : 2007-04-16 DOI: 10.1109/DATE.2007.364593
Oliver Spang, Hans Martin von Staudt, M. Wahl
Economic testing of small devices like LCD drivers is a real challenge. In this paper we describe an approach where a production tester is extended by a memory test engine (MTE). This MTE, which consists of hardware and software components allows testing the LCD driver memory at speed, allowing at the same time the concurrent execution of other tests. It is fully integrated into the tester. The MTE leads to a significant increase of memory test quality and at the same time to a significant reduction of the test time. The test time reduction that was achieved by executing the memory test in parallel to other analog tests lead to the test cost reduction, which was the impetus for developing the MTE
对像LCD驱动器这样的小型设备进行经济测试是一个真正的挑战。在本文中,我们描述了一种通过内存测试引擎(MTE)扩展生产测试器的方法。该MTE由硬件和软件组件组成,允许以高速测试LCD驱动器内存,同时允许并发执行其他测试。它完全集成到测试器中。MTE显著提高了记忆测试质量,同时显著减少了测试时间。通过与其他模拟测试并行执行内存测试,减少了测试时间,从而降低了测试成本,这是开发MTE的动力
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引用次数: 0
Efficient High-Performance ASIC Implementation of JPEG-LS Encoder JPEG-LS编码器的高效高性能ASIC实现
Pub Date : 2007-04-16 DOI: 10.1109/DATE.2007.364584
Markos E. Papadonikolakis, Vasilleios Pantazis, A. Kakarountas
This paper introduces an innovative design which implements a high-performance JPEG-LS encoder. The encoding process follows the principles of the JPEG-LS lossless mode. The proposed implementation consists of an efficient pipelined JPEG-LS encoder, which operates at a significantly higher encoding rate than any other JPEG-LS hardware or software implementation while keeping area small
本文介绍了一种实现高性能JPEG-LS编码器的创新设计。编码过程遵循JPEG-LS无损模式的原则。提出的实现由一个高效的流水线式JPEG-LS编码器组成,该编码器的编码速率明显高于任何其他JPEG-LS硬件或软件实现,同时保持面积小
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引用次数: 62
Leightweight Middleware for Seamless HW-SW Interoperability, with Application to Wireless Sensor Networks 用于无线传感器网络的HW-SW无缝互操作性轻量级中间件
Pub Date : 2007-04-16 DOI: 10.1109/DATE.2007.364431
F. Villanueva, D. Villa, F. Moya, Jesús Barba, F. Rincón, J.C. Lopez
HW-SW interoperability by means of standard distributed object middlewares has been proved to be useful in the design of new and challenging applications for ubiquitous computing, and ambient intelligence environments. Wireless sensor networks are considered to be essential for the proper deployment of these applications, but they impose new constraints in the design of the corresponding communication infrastructure: low-cost middleware implementations that can fit into tiny wireless devices are needed. In this paper, a novel approach for the development of pervasive environments based on an ultra low-cost implementation of standard distributed object middlewares (such as CORBA or ICE) is presented. A fully functional prototype supporting full interoperability with ZeroC ICE is described in detail. Available implementations range from the smallest microcontrollers in the market, to the tiniest embedded Java virtual machines, and even a low-end FPGA
通过标准分布式对象中间件实现的HW-SW互操作性已被证明在为普适计算和环境智能环境设计新的和具有挑战性的应用程序方面是有用的。无线传感器网络被认为是正确部署这些应用程序的必要条件,但它们在相应的通信基础设施的设计中施加了新的限制:需要适合小型无线设备的低成本中间件实现。本文提出了一种基于标准分布式对象中间件(如CORBA或ICE)的超低成本实现来开发普适环境的新方法。详细描述了支持与ZeroC ICE完全互操作性的全功能原型。可用的实现范围从市场上最小的微控制器到最小的嵌入式Java虚拟机,甚至是低端的FPGA
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引用次数: 12
Slow Write Driver Faults in 65nm SRAM Technology: Analysis and March Test Solution 65nm SRAM技术的慢写驱动故障:分析和三月测试解决方案
Pub Date : 2007-04-16 DOI: 10.1109/DATE.2007.364647
A. Ney, P. Girard, C. Landrault, S. Pravossoudovitch, A. Virazel, M. Bastian
This paper presents an analysis of the electrical origins of slow write driver faults (SWDFs) (van de Goor et al., 2004) that may affect SRAM write drivers in 65nm technology. This type of fault is the consequence of resistive-open defects in the control part of the write driver. It involves an erroneous write operation when the same write driver performs two successive write operations with opposite data values. In the first part of the paper, we present the SWDF electrical phenomena and their consequences on the SRAM functioning. Next, we show how SWDFs can be sensitized and observed and how a standard March test is able to detect this type of fault
本文分析了缓慢写入驱动器故障(swdf)的电气根源(van de Goor et al., 2004),这些故障可能会影响65nm技术中的SRAM写入驱动器。这种类型的故障是由于写驱动器控制部分的电阻打开缺陷造成的。当同一个写驱动程序对相反的数据值执行两个连续的写操作时,它涉及一个错误的写操作。在本文的第一部分,我们介绍了SWDF电现象及其对SRAM功能的影响。接下来,我们将展示如何敏化和观察swdf,以及标准March测试如何能够检测这种类型的故障
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引用次数: 18
Simulation Platform for UHF RFID 超高频RFID仿真平台
Pub Date : 2007-04-16 DOI: 10.1109/DATE.2007.364410
V. Derbek, C. Steger, R. Weiss, Daniel Wischounig, Josef Preishuber-Pflügl, M. Pistauer
Developing modern integrated and embedded systems require well-designed processes to ensure flexibility and independency. These features are related to exchangeability of hardware targets and to the ability of choosing the target at a very late stage in the implementation process. Especially in the field of ultra high frequency radio frequency identification (UHF RFID) the model-based design approach leads to expected results. Beside a clear design process, which is applied in this work to build the required system architecture, the scope for UHF RFID simulations is defined and an extendable platform based on the MathWorks Matlab Simulinkreg is developed. This simulation platform, based on a multi-processor hardware target, using a Texas Instruments TMS320C6416 digital signal processor is able to run UHF RFID tag simulations of very high complexity. The highest effort is made to ensure flexibility to handle future simulation models on the same hardware target, realized by the continuous design and implementation flow of this platform based on model-based design
开发现代集成和嵌入式系统需要精心设计的流程,以确保灵活性和独立性。这些特性与硬件目标的可互换性以及在实现过程的非常后期阶段选择目标的能力有关。特别是在超高频射频识别(UHF RFID)领域,基于模型的设计方法可以达到预期的效果。除了明确的设计流程(用于构建所需的系统架构)之外,还定义了UHF RFID仿真的范围,并开发了基于MathWorks Matlab Simulinkreg的可扩展平台。该仿真平台基于多处理器硬件目标,采用德州仪器TMS320C6416数字信号处理器,能够运行非常复杂的超高频RFID标签仿真。通过基于模型设计的平台的连续设计和实现流程,最大限度地保证了在同一硬件目标上处理未来仿真模型的灵活性
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引用次数: 23
Optimizing Analog Filter Designs for Minimum Nonlinear Distortions Using Multisine Excitations 利用多正弦激励优化模拟滤波器设计以实现最小非线性失真
Pub Date : 2007-04-16 DOI: 10.1109/DATE.2007.364602
J. Lataire, G. Vandersteen, R. Pintelon
Nonlinear distortions in submicron analog circuits are gaining importance, especially when power constraints are imposed and when operating in moderate inversion. This paper proposes a method to optimize the design of analog filters for minimum noise and nonlinear distortions. For this purpose a technique is presented for quantifying these nonlinearities, such that their influence can be compared with that of the system noise. Having quantified the non-idealities, an optimization can be carried out which involves the tuning of design parameters
非线性失真在亚微米模拟电路中变得越来越重要,特别是当施加功率限制和在中等反转下工作时。本文提出了一种优化模拟滤波器设计的方法,以实现最小的噪声和非线性失真。为此,提出了一种量化这些非线性的技术,以便将它们的影响与系统噪声的影响进行比较。在量化了非理想性之后,就可以进行优化,其中包括对设计参数的调整
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引用次数: 1
Evaluation of Design for Reliability Techniques in Embedded Flash Memories 嵌入式快闪记忆体可靠性技术设计评估
Pub Date : 2007-04-16 DOI: 10.1145/1266366.1266716
B. Godard, J. Daga, L. Torres, G. Sassatelli
Nonvolatile flash memories are becoming more and more popular in systems-on-chip (SoC). Embedded flash (eFlash) memories are based on the well-known floating-gate transistor concept. The reliability of such type of technology is a growing up issue for embedded systems; endurance and retention are of course the main features to analyze. To enhance memory reliability current eFlash memories designs use techniques such as error correction code (ECC), redundancy or threshold voltage (VT ) analysis. In this paper, a memory model to evaluate the reliability of eFlash memory arrays under distinct enhancement schemes is developed
非易失性闪存在片上系统(SoC)中越来越受欢迎。嵌入式闪存(eFlash)存储器基于众所周知的浮栅晶体管概念。对于嵌入式系统来说,这种技术的可靠性是一个日益增长的问题;耐久性和留存率当然是需要分析的主要特征。为了提高存储器的可靠性,目前的eFlash存储器设计使用诸如纠错码(ECC)、冗余或阈值电压(VT)分析等技术。本文建立了一个存储模型来评估不同增强方案下eFlash存储阵列的可靠性
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引用次数: 7
期刊
2007 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition
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