IFAC Journal of Systems and Control最新文献

{"title":"Stochastic virtual patient-guided mechanical ventilation treatment: A virtual patient study with mechanical power consideration","authors":"Christopher Yew Shuen Ang ,&nbsp;Yeong Shiong Chiew ,&nbsp;Xin Wang ,&nbsp;Ean Hin Ooi ,&nbsp;Mohd Basri Mat Nor ,&nbsp;Matthew E. Cove ,&nbsp;Cong Zhou ,&nbsp;J. Geoffrey Chase","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100334","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100334","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Objective</h3><div>: Computerised decision support systems (CDSS) in mechanical ventilation (MV) provide individualised, closed-loop treatment but often require extensive input parameters, which are challenging to obtain continuously in clinical settings. Many also fail to incorporate mechanical power (<em>MP</em>) and <em>MP ratio</em> — recently identified as significant predictors of patient outcomes. This study introduces the Stochastic Virtual Patient Ventilation Protocol (SVP VENT), a model-based CDSS addressing these limitations.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>: The SVP VENT Protocol integrates a stochastic virtual patient model to predict temporal lung elastance, <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>E</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>r</mi><mi>s</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>, trends and deliver closed-loop, lung protective ventilation minimising <em>MP ratio</em> and driving pressure. The protocol was validated against the VENT and SiVENT protocols using an established virtual patient platform comprising over 1229 h of both volume control (VC) and pressure control (PC) retrospective MV data. Patient responses were monitored to ensure adherence to accepted clinical safety guidelines.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>: The SVP VENT protocol consistently outperformed retrospective clinical data, VENT and SiVENT protocols in ensuring adherence to clinical safety metrics, achieving an all-adherence rate of <span><math><mo>∼</mo></math></span>57% and <span><math><mo>∼</mo></math></span>67% for the VC and PC cohorts, respectively. Across cohorts, the protocol maintained <em>MP</em> and <em>MP ratio</em> levels below safety thresholds (12 J/min and 4.5, respectively), and extended intervention intervals up to 3 h, potentially reducing clinical workload.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>: Overall, the virtual trial demonstrates the SVP VENT protocol’s potential to enhance MV management by extending intervention intervals, while maintaining patient safety. These findings support initial clinical trials to evaluate the protocol’s impact on clinical workload and patient safety over prolonged monitoring periods, facilitating its integration into standard clinical practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29926,"journal":{"name":"IFAC Journal of Systems and Control","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100334"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144917878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of geometric irregularity and error on 3D surface reconstruction in Digital Imaging Elasto-Tomography System","authors":"Yuwei Sun,&nbsp;Samantha Couper,&nbsp;Cong Zhou,&nbsp;J. Geoffrey Chase","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100332","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100332","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-accuracy three-dimensional (3-D) breast-surface reconstruction is pivotal for vibration-based diagnostic modalities, such as the Digital Imaging Elasto-Tomography (DIET) breast cancer screening technology. Yet the coupled influence of geometric complexity and measurement noise in structured-light systems has not been quantified rigorously in this type of application. To address this gap, we establish a dual-track evaluation framework combining ground-truth numerical simulations with laser-scanned silicone phantom data to assess reconstruction fidelity under clinically relevant conditions.</div><div>Analytically defined hemispherical point clouds, both regular and irregular, were synthesised and corrupted with random and periodic noise of varying amplitudes, creating a benchmark data set with explicit, known ground truth. In parallel, anatomically realistic silicone breast phantoms without internal, high stiffness tumour-mimicking inclusions were imaged using a 39-beam, 520 nm structured-light system. Approximately 70 calibration poses were acquired per laser line, yielding sub-millimetre accuracy. All data were processed within a spherical-polar parameterisation and optimised by a Levenberg–Marquardt scheme. Reconstruction error was quantified via root-mean-square error (RMSE), inter-quartile range (IQR), outlier counts, and multiple visualisations (histograms, spatial error maps, and boxplots).</div><div>Results reveal a clear performance hierarchy. Under noise-free conditions the simulated hemisphere shows the lowest RMSE, whereas sparse sampling in the phantoms causes local surface depressions. Systematic (periodic) noise dominates the error budget, increasing RMSE by an order of magnitude and producing persistent ring- or band-shaped artefacts across all reconstructions. Random noise mainly introduces local high-frequency roughness. Concave deformations generate a stable toroidal residual whose contribution to global RMSE remains below 10 % in the absence of noise. When geometric irregularities and noise coexist, the resulting errors greatly exceed those due to shape alone, underscoring noise suppression as the primary determinant of best attainable accuracy in this application.</div><div>The proposed simulation-and-phantom framework delivers the first comprehensive error map for structured-light breast reconstruction in a DIET system and indicates future algorithms must integrate curvature-adaptive modelling with explicit compensation for periodic perturbations to remain robust across the wide spectrum of breast sizes and shapes encountered in clinical practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29926,"journal":{"name":"IFAC Journal of Systems and Control","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100332"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144907139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On some composite multiple-cost models and associated vector inequalities","authors":"Savin Treanţă ,&nbsp;Cristina-Mihaela Cebuc","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100331","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100331","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates a distinctive family of (weak) composite controlled variational inequality models of vector type, contextualized within the domain of vector control. We establish its intrinsic relationships with the composite multiple objective variational control problem, shedding light on the intricate dynamics of control systems. An exploration of the connections between a critical or (weak) efficient point in the composite vector optimization problem and a solution of the associated composite vector controlled variational-like inequality is undertaken, guided by the assumption of composite (strictly) invariant convexity and/or pseudo-invariant convexity of the involved functionals. By using the KKM lemma, a result on the existence of solutions for the composite controlled variational inequality problem is stated. Additionally, a gap functional is defined specifically for the composite controlled variational inequality problem, providing a valuable tool for understanding the nuances of control scenarios. The significance of our findings is exemplified through illustrative examples, offering concrete insights into applying the derived results in vector control scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29926,"journal":{"name":"IFAC Journal of Systems and Control","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100331"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144864588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reinforcement Learning based temperature regulation for a Material Extrusion Additive Manufacturing system","authors":"Eleni Zavrakli ,&nbsp;Andrew Parnell ,&nbsp;Subhrakanti Dey","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100330","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100330","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the rapid development of Additive Manufacturing (AM) comes an urgent need for advanced monitoring and control of the process. Many aspects of the AM process play a significant role in the efficiency, accuracy, and repeatability of the process, with temperature regulation being one of the most important. In this work, we solve the problem of optimal tracking control for a state space temperature model of a Big Area Additive Manufacturing (BAAM) system. In particular, we address the problem of designing a Linear Quadratic Tracking (LQT) controller when access to the exact system state is not possible, except in the form of measurements. We initially solve the problem with a model-based approach based on reinforcement learning concepts with state estimation through an observer. We then design a model-free reinforcement-learning based controller with an internal state estimation step and demonstrate its performance through a simulator of the systems’ behaviour. In addition, we explore the use of Bayesian Optimisation as a means to optimise the design parameters of the LQT problem. Our results showcase the possibility of achieving optimal behaviour while learning directly from process data, independently of a model of the process. This is an encouraging outcome towards the realisation of intelligent manufacturing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29926,"journal":{"name":"IFAC Journal of Systems and Control","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100330"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144810510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stability analysis of feedback interconnections between systems with “mixed” properties","authors":"Liu Liu,&nbsp;Xinshu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100329","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100329","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sufficient conditions for the finite-gain stability of positive feedback interconnected systems are given when the subsystems have a certain mixed dissipative property, such as “mixed” small gain and passivity, “mixed” small gain and negative imaginary, “mixed” passivity and negative imaginary. In addition, the converse of the integral quadratic constraint (IQC) theorem involving nonlinear systems is provided on the basis of the S-procedure lossless theorem. Furthermore, a collection of converse results for mixed dissipative theorems is derived by the converse IQC theorem and the decomposition of the multipliers. It is demonstrated that if the feedback interconnection of a linear time-invariant (LTI) system with an arbitrary system satisfying some mixed dissipative property is finite-gain stable, then the given system must have a more strict version of the same mixed dissipative property. Meanwhile, the converse IQC theorem can cover the converse theorems of small-gain, passivity and <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>Q</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>S</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>R</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>-dissipativity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29926,"journal":{"name":"IFAC Journal of Systems and Control","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100329"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144750408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics and robust control of a space manipulator system servicing a satellite with flexible appendages","authors":"Sofiane Kraïem,&nbsp;Mathieu Rognant,&nbsp;Sérgio Waitman,&nbsp;Idriss Chelikh,&nbsp;Jean-Marc Biannic","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100328","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100328","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Space Manipulator Systems (SMS) are becoming pivotal in space exploitation and exploration, offering a versatile range of solutions from space debris capture to structure assembly. However, recent missions involving manipulators aboard satellites and space structures must contend with lightweight and large elements that exhibit flexible behaviors. Despite the challenges posed by flexible elements in their surroundings, enhancing the autonomy of SMS remains crucial to ensure their viability as solutions. For the pre-design of the SMS, path-planning applications, or controller design, there is a necessity for methods to assess the couplings between the manipulator, the SMS platform, and any flexible elements moved by a manipulator or attached to the platform. Moreover, recently proposed control strategies have demonstrated a keen interest in developing model-based controllers, which advantageously provide an efficient utilization of actuators and mitigation of internal disturbances within the system. This paper initially presents, for control purposes, the derivation of the kinematics and dynamics of a free-floating Space Manipulator System (SMS) with a flexible body at the end of a kinematic chain, employing a Lagrangian formalism. Subsequently, a robust joint-space control law is designed for the On-Orbit Servicing (OOS) of a satellite with flexible appendages. The control structure consists of Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion (NDI) for system linearization and decoupling. A structured <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>∞</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> controller synthesis is developed to provide robustness against flexible disturbances, model uncertainties, and sensor noise. To evaluate the effectiveness of this control strategy, it is implemented on a real-time simulation platform that ensures tight and high-fidelity space robot dynamics and flexible structures. This platform incorporates visual environment models and virtual sensors to provide an accurate representation of real-world conditions. The considered use-case involves the servicing of a satellite equipped with a flexible solar array using a free-floating dual-arm SMS with flexible appendages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29926,"journal":{"name":"IFAC Journal of Systems and Control","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100328"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144702895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An analysis of an LQR design for a hybrid power plant’s load-sharing problem","authors":"Joni Vasara,&nbsp;István Selek","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100327","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100327","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper analyzes the design of a Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) for a hybrid power plant providing Frequency Containment Reserve (FCR). The analysis focuses on the selection of the LQR’s weighting coefficients aiming to achieve the highest possible turbine stress reduction by distributing the hybrid plant’s gross power between a turbine and energy storage. In this study, the LQR was formulated to approximate the constrained optimization problem related to load sharing. To find the weighting coefficients of the LQR, an approach is presented that utilizes the optimal solution of the load-sharing problem. The evaluation revealed that the weight selection principle can be presented in an analytic form containing the important parameters related to the hybrid plant operation. The analytic solution was validated with numerical methods. The simulations verified that the best attainable turbine stress reduction can be obtained with the proposed design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29926,"journal":{"name":"IFAC Journal of Systems and Control","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100327"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144685771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive energy scheduling of smart parking infrastructure with solar-powered electric vehicles","authors":"Saba Askari Noghani,&nbsp;Paolo Scarabaggio,&nbsp;Raffaele Carli,&nbsp;Mariagrazia Dotoli","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100322","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100322","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a novel model predictive control framework for managing energy flow in smart parking infrastructures with renewable energy facilities, electric vehicles, and solar-powered electric vehicles. The proposed control framework minimizes the energy costs for the parking lot operators, ensuring the user-defined charge levels for vehicles at departure, and protecting the charging infrastructure during operation. Field validation on Lonsdale Street, Melbourne (Australia)—using real data on vehicle behavior, solar irradiance, and energy prices—shows significant grid load reduction even with partial solar production. Compared to a rule-based strategy, the MPC approach reduces operational costs by 15.32% and energy demand by 6.12%. Lastly, we show that the proposed framework is robust under forecast uncertainty, supporting its practical deployment in dynamic real-world environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29926,"journal":{"name":"IFAC Journal of Systems and Control","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100322"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144724955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coevolution of actions and opinions in networks of coordinating and anti-coordinating agents","authors":"Hong Liang ,&nbsp;Mengbin Ye ,&nbsp;Lorenzo Zino ,&nbsp;Weiguo Xia","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100325","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100325","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we investigate the dynamics of coordinating and anti-coordinating agents in a coevolutionary model for actions and opinions. In the model, individuals in a population interact on a two-layer network, sharing their opinions and observing others’ actions, while revising their own opinions and actions according to a game-theoretic mechanism grounded in social psychology literature. First, we consider the scenario of coordinating agents, where convergence to a Nash equilibrium (NE) is guaranteed. We identify conditions for reaching consensus configurations and establish regions of attraction for these equilibria. Second, we study networks of anti-coordinating agents. Here, we prove that all trajectories converge to an NE by leveraging potential game theory. Then, we establish analytical conditions on the network structure and model parameters to guarantee the existence of consensus and polarized equilibria, characterizing their regions of attraction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29926,"journal":{"name":"IFAC Journal of Systems and Control","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100325"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144654359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-silico evaluation of three control methodologies with model adaptation to minimize risk of overdosing in anesthesia","authors":"Clara M. Ionescu ,&nbsp;Bora Ayvaz ,&nbsp;Robin De Keyser,&nbsp;Erhan Yumuk,&nbsp;Dana Copot","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100324","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100324","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ideal conditions for extracting good models for control are not attainable in clinical settings, due to patient safety and further enforced by ethical and regulatory frameworks. From prior observations, the patient model defined by the pharmacokinetic part is piecewise linear and mostly invariant among the patients, while the drug–dose effect relationship exhibits large variability, resulting in significant large gain variations in patient’s model. In this paper, we propose a model for the gain adaptation as a two-input (Propofol and Remifentanil) one output (hypnotic state BIS variable) linear area of the nonlinear surface of the dose–effect for general anesthesia. The new patient model is used for tuning controllers without over-dosing, i.e. no BIS-nadir values below 50 and avoid negative values of median prediction error indicative of over-dosing. A comparison of target controlled infusion (this is manual control with anesthesiologist closing the loop) against two control strategies is performed. A model based predictive control and a PID control scheme with model adaptation and co-administration in ratio control mode are compared before and after the patient model adaptation. The results indicate the adaptation step minimizes risk for over-dosing, as it minimizes modeling errors. Robustness of controllers has been assessed before the identification, encouraging the claim that predictive control closely mimics the human-in-the-loop target controlled infusion profiles. Evaluation criteria from clinical practice further enhance the added value of our solution. Real clinical data evaluation confirms the results from the simulation tests, showing a considerable match between the drug profiles titrated by anesthesiologist and those calculated by the proposed control algorithms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29926,"journal":{"name":"IFAC Journal of Systems and Control","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100324"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144513874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}