IFAC Journal of Systems and Control最新文献

英文中文

Local vs regional neural air pollution forecasting models

IF 1.8 Q3 AUTOMATION & CONTROL SYSTEMS

IFAC Journal of Systems and Control

Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100298

Matteo Sangiorgio, Giorgio Guariso

Selecting a suitable dataset to develop a data-based forecasting model is often problematic. This is particularly important in the case of air pollution, where concentration measures are scattered over large areas. On the one hand, the classical approach creates a single-station (local) forecasting model using only the data collected at the same station. This guarantees a training dataset that considers all the site’s specific characteristics. On the other hand, these data may be limited and not sufficient to develop a robust predictor. Thus, one may use data from other stations to complement the dataset or develop a unique model considering all the data available within a region/domain. While this approach may be prone to filtering high variations, it may consider information on peculiar episodes that have not occurred in the past to a specific station. This paper discusses the topic of air pollution forecasting using the example of several stations in the Padana Plain, Northern Italy. Local forecasting models are developed using LSTM neural networks for nitrogen dioxide and ozone and hourly data from 2010 to 2023 and then compared with regional models. All these models perform extremely well under various regression-based and classification-based performance indicators, except for a few sites with peculiar characteristics that can be considered at the border of the information domain.

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引用次数: 0

A top-down approach for climate change mitigation strategies

IF 1.8 Q3 AUTOMATION & CONTROL SYSTEMS

IFAC Journal of Systems and Control

Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100297

Claudio Marchesi, Michele Francesco Arrighini, Laura Zecchi, Marialuisa Volta

This research examined the effects of various GHG reduction policies on climate change via optimization techniques using a top-down approach. The aim was to examine how different aspects of policies to reduce CO₂ and CH₄ emissions would affect changes in temperature compared to pre-industrial levels from 2025 to 2100. The proposed top-down approach allows for the investigation of several factors that may influence the results: (i) the objective function, (ii) the reduction pathway, and (iii) the starting point of the optimization. Two different objective functions were minimized: the overall sum of the temperature between 2025–2100 and the value at 2100. The results were also compared in terms of the reduction trajectories: two different emission trends were assumed: a gradual (gaussian) fall in emissions or a fast (exponential) decline, starting in 2025, in 2030, and in 2035. The mitigation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions was limited to a certain range of scenarios outlined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). These scenarios were determined by analyzing economic, social, and technical developments expected to occur in the next few decades. The analysis also included the interaction in global warming of air pollutant emission variations due to climate policies. The results revealed that exponential trajectories, depending on the initial year, can facilitate the stabilization of global temperatures below 1.5 °C. In contrast, gaussian trajectories were more likely to overtake this threshold if implementation is delayed beyond 2025.

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引用次数: 0

A bilevel optimization approach for Balancing Markets with electric vehicle aggregators and smart charging

IF 1.8 Q3 AUTOMATION & CONTROL SYSTEMS

IFAC Journal of Systems and Control

Pub Date : 2025-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100296

Daniel Fernández Valderrama, Giulio Ferro, Luca Parodi, Michela Robba

Demand Response (DR) programs can help alleviate the management of the electrical distribution grid by reducing loads in specified areas. They can be enabled within the energy Balancing Market (BM). Aggregators can manage different customers providing flexibility. Recently, Electric Vehicles Aggregators (EVAs) have emerged as significant players in the BM because they can manage fleets of electric vehicles (EVs) in the distribution grid. This paper addresses a multi-objective optimization problem for a distribution power grid that includes EVs and smart charging parks. At the higher level, the Distribution System Operator (DSO) considers the characteristics of each BM actor to minimize costs. Meanwhile, EVAs focus on controlling EV charging at the lower level to maximize their profit. The optimization problems of EVAs and other actors are replaced by KKT (Karush–Kuhn–Tucker) conditions, which are embedded as constraints in the DSO decision problem. Moreover, the resulting bilinear terms (in the optimization problem constraints) are linearized to fasten the finding of an optimal solution. The overall optimization problem is a mixed-integer quadratic programming (MIQP) and has been applied to the IEEE 13-bus test benchmark. The results demonstrate a reduction of about 6% of power loss in the grid achieved by the developed model. Besides, the linearized model can afford a more discretized model due to the reduction of computational effort.

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引用次数: 0

New approach of series-PID controller design based on modern control theory: Simulations and real-time validation

IF 1.8 Q3 AUTOMATION & CONTROL SYSTEMS

IFAC Journal of Systems and Control

Pub Date : 2025-01-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100295

Vivek Kumar, Yogesh V. Hote

This paper proposed a novel approach to designing the series-proportional–integral derivative (series-PID) controller, which provides desired performance specifications. In this approach, the design of the series-PID controller is carried out by modern control theory, which is based on the Butterworth pattern of pole placement, and classical control theory, which is based on Krishnamurthi’s corollary on the Routh criterion. The uniqueness of the proposed approach in comparison with existing methods is that it comprises both classical and modern control theory for improving performance and robustness trade-off. The validation of the proposed control theory is carried out using numerical examples (Linear & Non-linear models). The results show that the performance is improved compared to the existing results. The main aim of the paper is that the proposed theory should be industrial-friendly. In view of this, the proposed theory is validated on the D.C. servo motor and power system problem of load frequency control. For these practical problems, comparisons are carried out with well-known control approaches, such as the internal model control approach proposed by various authors. Finally, the proposed approach has been implemented and validated on the hardware setup of the DC–DC buck converter (

D D B C_{c}

). In numerical examples and practical problems, the efficacy of the proposed approach has been checked by robustness analysis and fragility analysis. Further, it has also been checked by determining various performance indices such as Integral Square Error (ISE), Integral Absolute Error (IAE), and Total Variations (TV).

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引用次数: 0

A Control-Equivalent-Turbulence-Input estimation method for unmanned helicopters

IF 1.8 Q3 AUTOMATION & CONTROL SYSTEMS

IFAC Journal of Systems and Control

Pub Date : 2025-01-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacsc.2024.100293

Sergey Nazarov, Per-Olof Gutman

This paper describes a new time-domain estimation method of the Control Equivalent Turbulence Input (CETI). CETI simulates the effects of natural atmospheric turbulence on rotorcraft dynamics by additional control inputs. The identified linear model of helicopter dynamics is changed into a quasi-nonlinear model by adding trim data and nonlinear kinematic equations. An unscented Kalman filter is designed using the quasi-nonlinear helicopter model and scaled unscented transformation to estimate CETI in real-time. The method was first tested in simulations; then, results were obtained for flight. The proposed method is also compared with other methods used in practice.

引用次数: 0

CHoKI-based MPC for blood glucose regulation in Artificial Pancreas

IF 1.8 Q3 AUTOMATION & CONTROL SYSTEMS

IFAC Journal of Systems and Control

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacsc.2024.100294

Beatrice Sonzogni , José María Manzano , Marco Polver , Fabio Previdi , Antonio Ferramosca

This work presents a Model Predictive Control (MPC) for the artificial pancreas, which is able to autonomously manage basal insulin injections in type 1 diabetic patients. Specifically, the MPC goal is to maintain the patients’ blood glucose level inside the safe range of 70-180 mg/dL, acting on the insulin amount and respecting all the imposed constraints, taking into consideration also the Insulin On Board (IOB), to avoid excess of insulin infusion. MPC uses a model to make predictions of the system behavior. In this work, due to the complexity of the diabetes disease that complicates the identification of a general physiological model, a data-driven learning method is employed instead. The Componentwise Hölder Kinky Inference (CHoKI) method is adopted, to have a customized controller for each patient. For the data collection phase and also to test the proposed controller, the virtual patients of the FDA-accepted UVA/Padova simulator are exploited. The MPC is also tested on simulations with variability of the insulin sensitivity and with physical activity sessions. The final results are satisfying since the proposed controller is conservative and reduces the time in hypoglycemia (which is more dangerous) if compared to the outcomes obtained without the IOB constraints.

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引用次数: 0

Adaptive chaos control: A novel continuous-time approach for enhanced stability

IF 1.8 Q3 AUTOMATION & CONTROL SYSTEMS

IFAC Journal of Systems and Control

Pub Date : 2024-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacsc.2024.100292

Muhammad Shafiq , Israr Ahmad

Stabilizing chaotic systems with robustness, speed, and smoothness remains a significant challenge due to issues like chattering and slow convergence associated with traditional control methods. This paper proposes a novel continuous-time adaptive robust control (CTARC) scheme to overcome these limitations and enhance the stabilization of uncertain chaotic systems. CTARC employs smooth control functions; specifically hyperbolic secant and inverse hyperbolic sine functions to eliminate chattering and achieve faster, more precise convergence to equilibrium. Unlike conventional controllers that simplify system dynamics by removing nonlinearities, this approach preserves them, thereby improving robustness against time-varying disturbances and model uncertainties. A Lyapunov-based stability analysis rigorously establishes the asymptotic stability of the proposed control strategy. Numerical simulations on the Shimizu–Morioka chaotic system and a memristor-based hyperchaotic system validate CTARC’s superiority in convergence speed, energy efficiency, and stability compared to existing adaptive methods. By reducing transient effects like overshoots and oscillations, the proposed scheme ensures smoother transitions and minimizes energy consumption, addressing critical limitations of traditional methods. These results highlight CTARC’s potential as a robust and energy-efficient solution for chaos stabilization and provide a foundation for future developments in complex system control.

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引用次数: 0

On the turnpike to design of deep neural networks: Explicit depth bounds 通往深度神经网络设计之路显式深度边界

IF 1.8 Q3 AUTOMATION & CONTROL SYSTEMS

IFAC Journal of Systems and Control

Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacsc.2024.100290

Timm Faulwasser , Arne-Jens Hempel , Stefan Streif

It is well-known that the training of Deep Neural Networks (DNN) can be formalized in the language of optimal control. In this context, this paper leverages classical turnpike properties of optimal control problems to attempt a quantifiable answer to the question of how many layers should be considered in a DNN. The underlying assumption is that the number of neurons per layer—i.e., the width of the DNN—is kept constant. Pursuing a different route than the classical analysis of approximation properties of sigmoidal functions, we prove explicit bounds on the required depths of DNNs based on asymptotic reachability assumptions and a dissipativity-inducing choice of the regularization terms in the training problem. Numerical results obtained for the two spiral task data set for classification indicate that the proposed constructive estimates can provide non-conservative depth bounds.

众所周知，深度神经网络（DNN）的训练可以用最优控制语言来形式化。在此背景下，本文利用最优控制问题的经典岔道特性，尝试对 DNN 应考虑多少层这一问题给出可量化的答案。基本假设是每层神经元的数量，即 DNN 的宽度保持不变。我们采用了与经典的西格玛函数逼近特性分析不同的方法，基于渐近可达性假设和训练问题中正则化项的耗散诱导选择，证明了 DNN 所需深度的明确界限。针对两个螺旋任务分类数据集获得的数值结果表明，所提出的构造性估计可以提供非保守的深度边界。

引用次数: 0

Finite-time event-triggered tracking control for quadcopter attitude systems with zero compensation technology 采用零补偿技术的四旋翼飞行器姿态系统的有限时间事件触发跟踪控制

IF 1.8 Q3 AUTOMATION & CONTROL SYSTEMS

IFAC Journal of Systems and Control

Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacsc.2024.100289

Lian Chen , Cui Cai , Xijun Liu , Chen Wang

This paper primarily investigates the event-triggered tracking control problem for quadcopter attitude systems, utilizing finite-time zero compensation technology. Unlike existing research results, a zero compensation technology is proposed to solve non-affine control input problems such as saturation, dead zones, and gaps. The command filtered compensation technology is used to solve ’differential explosion’ and filtering errors. A novel Tanh type filter and a neural network are employed to approximate virtual control signals and account for un-modeled dynamics, respectively. Moreover, the finite-time convergence theory is used to prove that the state, tracking error, and filtered error compensation signals in the entire closed-loop system converge to an arbitrarily small neighborhood of the equilibrium origin. Finally, the advantages of the proposed control algorithm in improving tracking accuracy and reducing communication load were demonstrated through simulation.

本文主要利用有限时间零补偿技术研究四旋翼飞行器姿态系统的事件触发跟踪控制问题。与现有研究成果不同的是，本文提出了一种零补偿技术来解决非线性控制输入问题，如饱和、死区和间隙。指令滤波补偿技术用于解决 "差分爆炸 "和滤波误差。新颖的 Tanh 型滤波器和神经网络分别用于逼近虚拟控制信号和考虑未建模的动态。此外，利用有限时间收敛理论证明了整个闭环系统中的状态、跟踪误差和滤波误差补偿信号都会收敛到平衡原点的任意小邻域。最后，通过仿真证明了所提出的控制算法在提高跟踪精度和减少通信负荷方面的优势。

引用次数: 0

Analysis of Hyers–Ulam stability and controllability of non-linear switched impulsive systems with delays on time scales 具有时间尺度延迟的非线性开关脉冲系统的海尔-乌兰稳定性和可控性分析

IF 1.8 Q3 AUTOMATION & CONTROL SYSTEMS

IFAC Journal of Systems and Control

Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacsc.2024.100291

Bhim Kumar, Muslim Malik

In this article, we have used the concepts of time scales theory to discuss nonlinear switched impulsive systems with delay. Our main objective is to determine the Hyers–Ulam stability and controllability of nonlinear switched impulsive systems with delay on non-uniform time domains. To obtain the necessary and sufficient conditions for existence, Hyers–Ulam stability, and controllability, we utilize the Banach fixed-point theorem and Krasnoselskii’s fixed-point theorem. In order to demonstrate our conclusions, we have discussed some simulation-based examples along with the three tank liquid control problem and a potential practical situation related to the infectious disease with switching rules. The results of this manuscript provide all the necessary and sufficient conditions for Hyers–Ulam stability and controllability that are true for discrete, continuous as well as unified time domains simultaneously.

在本文中，我们利用时间尺度理论的概念来讨论带延迟的非线性开关脉冲系统。我们的主要目标是确定非均匀时域上有延迟的非线性开关脉冲系统的 Hyers-Ulam 稳定性和可控性。为了获得存在性、Hyers-Ulam 稳定性和可控性的必要条件和充分条件，我们利用了巴拿赫定点定理和 Krasnoselskii 定点定理。为了证明我们的结论，我们讨论了一些基于仿真的例子，以及三罐液体控制问题和一种潜在的实际情况，这种情况与具有切换规则的传染病有关。本手稿的结果为同时适用于离散、连续和统一时域的海尔-乌兰稳定性和可控性提供了所有必要和充分条件。

引用次数: 0

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IFAC Journal of Systems and Control

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