Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2014.7028942
R. T. Kuate, Maria Chli, Hai H. Wang
Smart grid technologies have given rise to a liberalised and decentralised electricity market, enabling energy providers and retailers to have a better understanding of the demand side and its response to pricing signals. This paper puts forward a reinforcement-learning-powered tool aiding an electricity retailer to define the tariff prices it offers, in a bid to optimise its retail strategy. In a competitive market, an energy retailer aims to simultaneously increase the number of contracted customers and its profit margin. We have abstracted the problem of deciding on a tariff price as faced by a retailer, as a semi-Markov decision problem (SMDP). A hierarchical reinforcement learning approach, MaxQ value function decomposition, is applied to solve the SMDP through interactions with the market. To evaluate our trading strategy, we developed a retailer agent (termed AstonTAC) that uses the proposed SMDP framework to act in an open multi-agent simulation environment, the Power Trading Agent Competition (Power TAC). An evaluation and analysis of the 2013 Power TAC finals show that AstonTAC successfully selects sell prices that attract as many customers as necessary to maximise the profit margin. Moreover, during the competition, AstonTAC was the only retailer agent performing well across all retail market settings.
{"title":"Optimising market share and profit margin: SMDP-based tariff pricing under the smart grid paradigm","authors":"R. T. Kuate, Maria Chli, Hai H. Wang","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2014.7028942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2014.7028942","url":null,"abstract":"Smart grid technologies have given rise to a liberalised and decentralised electricity market, enabling energy providers and retailers to have a better understanding of the demand side and its response to pricing signals. This paper puts forward a reinforcement-learning-powered tool aiding an electricity retailer to define the tariff prices it offers, in a bid to optimise its retail strategy. In a competitive market, an energy retailer aims to simultaneously increase the number of contracted customers and its profit margin. We have abstracted the problem of deciding on a tariff price as faced by a retailer, as a semi-Markov decision problem (SMDP). A hierarchical reinforcement learning approach, MaxQ value function decomposition, is applied to solve the SMDP through interactions with the market. To evaluate our trading strategy, we developed a retailer agent (termed AstonTAC) that uses the proposed SMDP framework to act in an open multi-agent simulation environment, the Power Trading Agent Competition (Power TAC). An evaluation and analysis of the 2013 Power TAC finals show that AstonTAC successfully selects sell prices that attract as many customers as necessary to maximise the profit margin. Moreover, during the competition, AstonTAC was the only retailer agent performing well across all retail market settings.","PeriodicalId":299515,"journal":{"name":"IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies, Europe","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130839685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2014.7028754
E. Kaempf, H. Abele, S. Stepanescu, Martin Braun
Distributed Energy Resources (DER) connected to High Voltage (HV) level must provide controllable reactive power output as a part of grid connection codes in many countries. This reactive power is usually available to the system operator free of charge. A scheme is proposed in which the Distribution System Operator (DSO) provides the transmission system operator (TSO) with controllable reactive power based on controlling HV DER and tap changers. It is shown using real measurement data how delivery of reactive power could be distinguished from the natural variation of reactive power exchange between DSO and TSO. The suggested provision scheme incorporates the capabilities of DER providing reactive power only during non-zero active power output. It exploits the possibility to forecast the active power output and therefore the related reactive power capability and does not require a closed-loop Optimal Power Flow (OPF) on the side of the TSO.
{"title":"Reactive power provision by distribution system operators — Optimizing use of available flexibility","authors":"E. Kaempf, H. Abele, S. Stepanescu, Martin Braun","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2014.7028754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2014.7028754","url":null,"abstract":"Distributed Energy Resources (DER) connected to High Voltage (HV) level must provide controllable reactive power output as a part of grid connection codes in many countries. This reactive power is usually available to the system operator free of charge. A scheme is proposed in which the Distribution System Operator (DSO) provides the transmission system operator (TSO) with controllable reactive power based on controlling HV DER and tap changers. It is shown using real measurement data how delivery of reactive power could be distinguished from the natural variation of reactive power exchange between DSO and TSO. The suggested provision scheme incorporates the capabilities of DER providing reactive power only during non-zero active power output. It exploits the possibility to forecast the active power output and therefore the related reactive power capability and does not require a closed-loop Optimal Power Flow (OPF) on the side of the TSO.","PeriodicalId":299515,"journal":{"name":"IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies, Europe","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129222488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2014.7028913
S. Nasr, Marius Iordache, M. Petit
This paper proposes a new green solution to recover trains braking energy by integrating Smart DC micro-grid concept in railway systems. It is based on storing the excess of braking energy in a hybrid storage system and re-using it in non-railway applications such as auxiliary loads in a station or in proximity, which will increase the total energy efficiency.
{"title":"Smart micro-grid integration in DC railway systems","authors":"S. Nasr, Marius Iordache, M. Petit","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2014.7028913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2014.7028913","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a new green solution to recover trains braking energy by integrating Smart DC micro-grid concept in railway systems. It is based on storing the excess of braking energy in a hybrid storage system and re-using it in non-railway applications such as auxiliary loads in a station or in proximity, which will increase the total energy efficiency.","PeriodicalId":299515,"journal":{"name":"IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies, Europe","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125608082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2014.7028873
S. Favuzza, M. Ippolito, A. Madonia, F. Massaro, E. Carlini, C. Quaciari
This article describes technical and market aspects that characterize the Sicilian electrical system, the non-programmable renewable sources impacts on the energy markets (Day-Ahead Market and ancillary services market) and on Sicilian system operation, to evaluate the grid integration of renewable energy sources in a future Sicilian smart grid.
{"title":"Impact of non-programmable renewable sources in Day-Ahead market in Sicily. Reasons to make more flexible and smarter the national transmission grid","authors":"S. Favuzza, M. Ippolito, A. Madonia, F. Massaro, E. Carlini, C. Quaciari","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2014.7028873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2014.7028873","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes technical and market aspects that characterize the Sicilian electrical system, the non-programmable renewable sources impacts on the energy markets (Day-Ahead Market and ancillary services market) and on Sicilian system operation, to evaluate the grid integration of renewable energy sources in a future Sicilian smart grid.","PeriodicalId":299515,"journal":{"name":"IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies, Europe","volume":"223 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123269995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2014.7028965
I. Ngamroo, Tossaporn Surinkaew
This paper focuses on a new optimization technique of robust power oscillation damper (POD) for doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) wind turbines considering N-1 outage contingencies. The POD with 2nd-order lead/lag compensator and local input signal is placed with the voltage controller of DFIG so that the reactive power output can be modulated to damp out power oscillations. The optimization of POD parameters is formulated based on a mixed H2/H∞ control, and carried out under all system outage events such as line tripping, and load/generation shedding etc. The firefly algorithm is employed to obtain the optimal parameters of POD. Simulation study in an IEEE 9 bus system reveals that the proposed robust POD provides superior damping effect than the conventional POD against various system contingencies and uncertainties.
{"title":"Optimization of robust power oscillation dampers for DFIG wind turbines considering N-1 outage contingencies","authors":"I. Ngamroo, Tossaporn Surinkaew","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2014.7028965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2014.7028965","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on a new optimization technique of robust power oscillation damper (POD) for doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) wind turbines considering N-1 outage contingencies. The POD with 2nd-order lead/lag compensator and local input signal is placed with the voltage controller of DFIG so that the reactive power output can be modulated to damp out power oscillations. The optimization of POD parameters is formulated based on a mixed H2/H∞ control, and carried out under all system outage events such as line tripping, and load/generation shedding etc. The firefly algorithm is employed to obtain the optimal parameters of POD. Simulation study in an IEEE 9 bus system reveals that the proposed robust POD provides superior damping effect than the conventional POD against various system contingencies and uncertainties.","PeriodicalId":299515,"journal":{"name":"IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies, Europe","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121628873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2014.7028972
Can Altay, H. Deliç
Distributed management of microgrids is a vital problem to provide scalability to the next-generation electricity grids. Energy management of interconnected microgrids yields an optimization problem with large number of variables. In this paper, Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition is employed to delegate the computational load to local controllers. Island and grid-connected modes of operation are compared, and it is shown that elastic loads in different microgrids display similar behavior in grid-connected mode.
{"title":"Distributed energy management of microgrids with Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition","authors":"Can Altay, H. Deliç","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2014.7028972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2014.7028972","url":null,"abstract":"Distributed management of microgrids is a vital problem to provide scalability to the next-generation electricity grids. Energy management of interconnected microgrids yields an optimization problem with large number of variables. In this paper, Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition is employed to delegate the computational load to local controllers. Island and grid-connected modes of operation are compared, and it is shown that elastic loads in different microgrids display similar behavior in grid-connected mode.","PeriodicalId":299515,"journal":{"name":"IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies, Europe","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123110069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2014.7028851
Hiroshi Kikusato, Naoyuki Takahashi, J. Yoshinaga, Y. Fujimoto, Y. Hayashi, S. Kusagawa, Noriyuki Motegi
A complicated voltage fluctuation in distribution systems and a decline in power quality occur when a large number of photovoltaic (PV) systems are installed. In this paper, the installation of a low-voltage regulator is assumed, and a method for instantly and accurately determining the line drop compensator (LDC) parameters is proposed to perform efficient voltage management, which consists of prediction, operation, and control. In the proposed method, the computational cost to derive the LDC parameters can be reduced by learning the optimality of the parameters in a series of load demands and the PV output using multiple classifiers. We performed numerical simulations to verify the validity of the proposed method. From the results, the classification accuracy is found to improve by considering the majority vote of multiple classifiers. Additionally, the improvement in the voltage control performance is verified.
{"title":"Method for instantly determining line drop compensator parameters of low-voltage regulator using multiple classifiers","authors":"Hiroshi Kikusato, Naoyuki Takahashi, J. Yoshinaga, Y. Fujimoto, Y. Hayashi, S. Kusagawa, Noriyuki Motegi","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2014.7028851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2014.7028851","url":null,"abstract":"A complicated voltage fluctuation in distribution systems and a decline in power quality occur when a large number of photovoltaic (PV) systems are installed. In this paper, the installation of a low-voltage regulator is assumed, and a method for instantly and accurately determining the line drop compensator (LDC) parameters is proposed to perform efficient voltage management, which consists of prediction, operation, and control. In the proposed method, the computational cost to derive the LDC parameters can be reduced by learning the optimality of the parameters in a series of load demands and the PV output using multiple classifiers. We performed numerical simulations to verify the validity of the proposed method. From the results, the classification accuracy is found to improve by considering the majority vote of multiple classifiers. Additionally, the improvement in the voltage control performance is verified.","PeriodicalId":299515,"journal":{"name":"IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies, Europe","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116151847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2014.7028951
M. Jooshaki, A. Abbaspour, M. Fotuhi‐Firuzabad, M. Moeini‐Aghtaie, A. Ozdemir
In this paper, a new method for designing procedure of Reward-Penalty Scheme (RPS) in distribution system is proposed. Being fair and adoptable in viewpoint of distribution companies (DisCos) are main superiorities of the proposed RPS. Established based on concept of the Yardstick theory, its application can ensure regulators that a perfect competition will be created between DisCos to improve the service reliability. Also, such a regulation scheme can be a key for power system decision makers in order to prevent the DisCos from decreasing service reliability. Aimed to reach a fair mechanism, the proposed RPS rewards/penalizes the DisCos only compared with the other ones owning similar conditions. In this regard, Fuzzy C-means (FCM) clustering technique is applied to effectively categorize the similar DisCos into different groups. The average system reliability indices, i.e. System Average Interruption Frequency Index (SAIFI) and Expected Energy Not Supplied (EENS) are chosen as the comparison criteria in the proposed RPS. In order to illustrate efficiency of the proposed method, the proposed RPS is implemented on the Iranian electric power distribution sector to compare the abilities of different companies in reaching the predetermined goals.
{"title":"A new reward-penalty mechanism for distribution companies based on concept of competition","authors":"M. Jooshaki, A. Abbaspour, M. Fotuhi‐Firuzabad, M. Moeini‐Aghtaie, A. Ozdemir","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2014.7028951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2014.7028951","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a new method for designing procedure of Reward-Penalty Scheme (RPS) in distribution system is proposed. Being fair and adoptable in viewpoint of distribution companies (DisCos) are main superiorities of the proposed RPS. Established based on concept of the Yardstick theory, its application can ensure regulators that a perfect competition will be created between DisCos to improve the service reliability. Also, such a regulation scheme can be a key for power system decision makers in order to prevent the DisCos from decreasing service reliability. Aimed to reach a fair mechanism, the proposed RPS rewards/penalizes the DisCos only compared with the other ones owning similar conditions. In this regard, Fuzzy C-means (FCM) clustering technique is applied to effectively categorize the similar DisCos into different groups. The average system reliability indices, i.e. System Average Interruption Frequency Index (SAIFI) and Expected Energy Not Supplied (EENS) are chosen as the comparison criteria in the proposed RPS. In order to illustrate efficiency of the proposed method, the proposed RPS is implemented on the Iranian electric power distribution sector to compare the abilities of different companies in reaching the predetermined goals.","PeriodicalId":299515,"journal":{"name":"IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies, Europe","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115611650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2014.7028768
G. Igarashi, J. C. Santos
This article presents a summary of the most significant information obtained by the authors for implementing a process bus according to IEC61850-9 Standard. The results of this study were grouped into five relevant topics: IEC61850-9 variations, process bus reliability, time synchronization between devices, cyber security and measurement accuracy. This research aims mainly to disseminate the information obtained, stimulate discussion about the main challenges for process bus implementation and build a theoretical basis for developing a communication interface that will be a component of an innovative prototype of a totally digital optical voltage transformer.
{"title":"Challenges to the implementation of a real-time process bus according to IEC 61850-9","authors":"G. Igarashi, J. C. Santos","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2014.7028768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2014.7028768","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a summary of the most significant information obtained by the authors for implementing a process bus according to IEC61850-9 Standard. The results of this study were grouped into five relevant topics: IEC61850-9 variations, process bus reliability, time synchronization between devices, cyber security and measurement accuracy. This research aims mainly to disseminate the information obtained, stimulate discussion about the main challenges for process bus implementation and build a theoretical basis for developing a communication interface that will be a component of an innovative prototype of a totally digital optical voltage transformer.","PeriodicalId":299515,"journal":{"name":"IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies, Europe","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121185025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2014.7028758
Heming Deng, Wei Cai, Chunxiang Liu, Jinhai He
This work presents an intelligent monitoring feasibility on composite insulators. By implanting fiber Bragg grating (FBG) into the composite insulator rod, the intelligence rod structure can online monitor the operating condition of the composite insulator. The transmission matrix is used to get the relationships between the stress strain or the thermal strain and the wavelength drift of in the insulator rod, and based on the results, this work provides the feasibility analysis, the system design and field application.
{"title":"The feasibility of the composite insulator with fiber Bragg grating embedded in the rod","authors":"Heming Deng, Wei Cai, Chunxiang Liu, Jinhai He","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2014.7028758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2014.7028758","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents an intelligent monitoring feasibility on composite insulators. By implanting fiber Bragg grating (FBG) into the composite insulator rod, the intelligence rod structure can online monitor the operating condition of the composite insulator. The transmission matrix is used to get the relationships between the stress strain or the thermal strain and the wavelength drift of in the insulator rod, and based on the results, this work provides the feasibility analysis, the system design and field application.","PeriodicalId":299515,"journal":{"name":"IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies, Europe","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123878713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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