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Modeling the optimal behavior of PEV parking lots in energy and reserve market 能源储备市场下电动汽车停车场最优行为建模
Pub Date : 2014-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2014.7028906
N. Neyestani, M. Yazdani Damavandi, M. Shafie‐khah, J. Catalão, J. Contreras
New technologies such as Plug-in Electric Vehicles or PEVs bring new trends in areas where multi entities interact. One of these areas is the facilities in cities for better manipulation of technologies. Encouraging the utilization of PEVs necessitates the provision of charging stations. In this regard, PEV Parking Lots (PLs) can be a great help as they can solve both urban and electrical problem of PEVs. On the other hand, gathering numerous PEVs in one point like PLs provides the system operator with the opportunity of PEVs batteries that can be used as potential storages. Therefore, in this paper, the optimum behavior of PEV PLs is modeled while they contribute their batteries' capacity in both energy and reserve market. The charging schedule of PLs with various numbers of stations has been reported as well as their share in the market as an energy source during peak hours.
插电式电动汽车(pev)等新技术在多实体交互的领域带来了新的趋势。其中一个领域是城市中更好地操纵技术的设施。鼓励使用电动汽车需要提供充电站。在这方面,电动汽车停车场(PLs)可以提供很大的帮助,因为它可以解决电动汽车的城市和电力问题。另一方面,将许多pev聚集在一个点上,如PLs,为系统操作员提供了可以用作潜在存储的pev电池的机会。因此,本文分别在能源市场和储备市场上对电动汽车制造商贡献电池容量时的最优行为进行了建模。报告了不同充电站数量的PLs的充电时间表以及它们在高峰时段作为能源的市场份额。
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引用次数: 10
Sensitivity analysis on short-circuit current contribution from VSC-HVDC systems connecting far and large offshore wind power plants 连接远、大型海上风电场的VSC-HVDC系统短路电流贡献敏感性分析
Pub Date : 2014-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2014.7028961
M. Ndreko, M. Popov, J. Boemer, M. V. D. van der Meijden
This paper discusses grid code compliance for point-to-point VSC-HVDC systems used for the grid connection of far and large offshore wind power plants. The study focus on the short circuit current contribution provided by VSC-HVDC system delivery. Sensitivities such as the reactive current boosting gain of the AC voltage controller, the choice of dead-band and the method prioritising active versus reactive current during faulted conditions are discussed with focus on power system voltage and rotor angle stability of a multi-machine power system. The paper shows that prioritising the reactive short circuit current versus active current leads to improvement in both voltage response and transient stability of the AC power system. In addition, the removal of the dead-band while increasing the proportional gain of the AC voltage controller is proved to be beneficial for the power system stability. The analysis is based on time domain simulations using the IEEE 39-bus test system and user-developed models of VSC-HVDC systems in PSS®E.
本文讨论了用于远距离和大型海上风力发电厂并网的点对点VSC-HVDC系统的电网规范遵从性。重点研究了直流直流输电系统的短路电流贡献。讨论了交流电压控制器的无功升压增益、死带的选择以及故障状态下有功与无功电流的优先排序方法等敏感性问题,重点讨论了多机电力系统的电压和转子角稳定性。研究表明,将无功短路电流优先于有功电流,可以改善交流电力系统的电压响应和暂态稳定性。此外,在提高交流电压控制器的比例增益的同时消除死带,有利于电力系统的稳定性。该分析基于使用IEEE 39总线测试系统的时域模拟和PSS®E中用户开发的VSC-HVDC系统模型。
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引用次数: 9
Reactive power capability of a sub-transmission grid using real-time embedded particle swarm optimization 基于实时嵌入式粒子群优化的子输电网无功能力研究
Pub Date : 2014-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2014.7028733
R. Cabadag, U. Schmidt, P. Schegner
Wind energy is one of the most competitive and efficient energy sources and, as a result, usage of it is continuously increasing worldwide. Although wind energy is relatively cheaper among the other renewables, it is also variable and uncertain. Therefore, the high penetration of wind energy causes several technical problems related to security, stability, power quality and operation of power systems. Transmission and Distribution System Operators (TSOs and DSOs) are issued to develop required grid codes for wind farms (WFs) considering a number of parameters to overcome those difficulties. This paper represents a Real-Time Embedded Particle Swarm Optimization (RTEPSO) to define optimal settings of WFs to meet reactive power requirements of a typical German 110 kV-sub-transmission grid at any time. In other words, the proposed approach searches the exact operation points of WFs to calculate required amount of absorbed/generated reactive power at Connection Point (CP) under consideration of Consumer Counting Arrow System.
风能是最具竞争力和效率的能源之一,因此,它的使用在世界范围内不断增加。尽管风能在其他可再生能源中相对便宜,但它也存在变数和不确定性。因此,风能的高渗透给电力系统的安全性、稳定性、电能质量和运行带来了一些技术问题。输配电系统运营商(tso和dso)被要求为风电场(WFs)制定必要的电网规范,考虑到一些参数来克服这些困难。本文提出了一种实时嵌入式粒子群优化(RTEPSO)方法来定义WFs的最佳设置,以满足德国典型110 kv分输电网在任何时间的无功需求。换句话说,本文提出的方法是在考虑用户计数箭头系统的情况下,搜索wf的确切工作点来计算连接点(CP)所需的吸收/产生的无功功率。
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引用次数: 8
Effects of loss of time synchronization in differential protection of transformers using process bus according to IEC 61850-9-2 采用IEC 61850-9-2标准的过程母线的变压器差动保护中时间同步损失的影响
Pub Date : 2014-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2014.7028753
G. Igarashi, J. C. Santos
Our aim is to show the results from a mathematical simulation of the behavior of a differential protection algorithm for power transformers compared with the loss of the time synchronization signal in the process bus according to IEC 61850-9-2. Described herein are an original model for simulating the samples in the process bus, a proposed algorithm for differential protection of power transformers adapted for protective relays operating with process bus according to standard and response analysis of the protection algorithm from this loss of sync.
我们的目的是根据IEC 61850-9-2,将电力变压器差动保护算法的行为的数学模拟结果与过程总线中时间同步信号的损失进行比较。本文给出了模拟过程母线中样品的原始模型,提出了一种适用于与过程母线一起工作的继电器的电力变压器差动保护算法,并对该算法在失同步情况下的响应分析。
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引用次数: 2
A novel anti-islanding protection method based on the combination of a Q-f droop and RPV 一种基于Q-f下垂与RPV相结合的新型防孤岛防护方法
Pub Date : 2014-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2014.7028849
O. Raipala, A. Makinen, S. Repo, P. Jarventausta
All distributed generating units need to be equipped with an anti-islanding (AI) protection scheme in order to avoid unintentional islanding. Unfortunately most AI methods fail to detect islanding when the islanded load matches with the production in the island. Another concerning issue is that certain active AI protection schemes may cause power quality problems. This paper proposes an AI protection method which is based on the combination of a specially designed reactive power versus frequency (Q-f) droop, and a constantly injected reactive power variation (RPV) pulse. The method is designed so that the injection of reactive power is of minor scale during normal operating conditions. Yet, the method shows high performance during islanding. Simulations were performed with the help of PSCAD/EMTDC in order to analyze the performance of the method. The results indicate that the method is able to detect islanding within 2 seconds even in a perfectly balanced island.
所有分布式发电机组都需要配备防孤岛保护方案,以避免意外孤岛。不幸的是,大多数人工智能方法无法在孤岛负载与孤岛生产相匹配时检测到孤岛。另一个值得关注的问题是,某些主动人工智能保护方案可能会导致电能质量问题。本文提出了一种基于特殊设计的无功功率随频率(Q-f)下垂和持续注入无功功率变化(RPV)脉冲相结合的人工智能保护方法。该方法的设计目的是使在正常运行条件下注入的无功功率规模较小。然而,该方法在孤岛过程中表现出较高的性能。利用PSCAD/EMTDC进行了仿真,分析了该方法的性能。结果表明,即使在完全平衡的孤岛上,该方法也能在2秒内检测到孤岛。
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引用次数: 1
Electrical load clustering: The Italian case 电力负荷集群:意大利案例
Pub Date : 2014-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2014.7028919
Luca Semeraro, E. Crisostomi, A. Franco, A. Landi, Marco Raugi, M. Tucci, G. Giunta
In this paper we use clustering algorithms to compute the typical Italian load profile in different days of the week in different seasons. This result can be exploited by energy providers to tailor more attractive time-varying tariffs for their customers. We find out that better results are obtained if the clustering is not performed directly on the data, but on some features extracted from the data. Thus, we compare some conventional features to identify the most informative ones in the Italian case.
在本文中,我们使用聚类算法来计算典型的意大利在不同季节一周中不同天数的负荷曲线。能源供应商可以利用这一结果为其客户量身定制更具吸引力的时变电价。我们发现,如果不直接对数据进行聚类,而是对从数据中提取的一些特征进行聚类,可以获得更好的聚类结果。因此,我们比较了一些传统特征,以确定意大利案例中最具信息量的特征。
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引用次数: 14
Adaptive decentralized-coordinated neural control of hybrid wind-thermal power system 混合风热电系统的自适应分散协调神经控制
Pub Date : 2014-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2014.7028981
Y. Niu, Xiaoming Li, Zhongwei Lin, Mingyang Li
Hybrid wind-thermal power systems (HWTP) are widely used, and the scales of wind energy in such systems are growing rapidly. Classical decentralized coordinated controls of power systems are all based on synchronous generator (SG), which ignore wind farms. It is unsuitable that applying SG based decentralized coordinated control on a renewable power system. This paper presents an adaptive decentralized-coordinated neural control (ADNC) of hybrid wind-thermal power systems. Our method makes use of the interaction measurement modeling, multiple model linear optimal theory and artificial neural network (ANN) techniques. An ANN based dynamic weighting calculation is proposed to cope with the nonlinearity and continuous variations of the system operating points. Simulation results for an illustrative system are presented. The results show that the proposed method not only has an accurate tracking performance, but also enhances the transient stability of the system.
混合风-热发电系统(HWTP)应用广泛,风能规模快速增长。传统的电力系统分散协调控制都是基于同步发电机,忽略了风电场。将基于SG的分散协调控制应用于可再生能源系统是不合适的。提出了一种混合风热电系统的自适应分散协调神经控制方法。该方法利用了交互测量建模、多模型线性优化理论和人工神经网络技术。针对系统工作点的非线性和连续变化,提出了一种基于人工神经网络的动态加权计算方法。给出了一个说明性系统的仿真结果。结果表明,该方法不仅具有准确的跟踪性能,而且提高了系统的暂态稳定性。
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引用次数: 2
Distributed model predictive control for active power control of wind farm 风电场有功控制的分布式模型预测控制
Pub Date : 2014-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2014.7028925
Haoran Zhao, Qiuwei Wu, C. Rasmussen, Qinglai Guo, Hongbin Sun
This paper presents the active power control of a wind farm using the Distributed Model Predictive Controller (D-MPC) via dual decomposition. Different from the conventional centralized wind farm control, multiple objectives such as power reference tracking performance and wind turbine load can be considered to achieve a trade-off between them. Additionally, D-MPC is based on communication among the subsystems. Through the interaction among the neighboring subsystems, the global optimization could be achieved, which significantly reduces the computation burden. It is suitable for the modern large-scale wind farm control.
本文提出了采用双分解的分布式模型预测控制器(D-MPC)对风电场的有功功率进行控制。与传统的集中式风电场控制不同,可以考虑功率参考跟踪性能和风力机负荷等多个目标,实现两者之间的权衡。此外,D-MPC基于子系统之间的通信。通过相邻子系统之间的相互作用,实现全局优化,大大减少了计算量。适用于现代大型风电场的控制。
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引用次数: 3
Large-scale residential demand response ICT architecture 大规模住宅需求响应ICT架构
Pub Date : 2014-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2014.7028760
M. Strobbe, K. Vanthournout, Tom Verschueren, Wim Cardinaels, Chris Develder
The Flemish project Linear is an example of an ongoing large scale residential demand response pilot that aims to validate innovative smart grid applications that exploit the rollout of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the power grid. In this paper, we discuss the design of such a scalable, reliable and interoperable ICT infrastructure that interconnects 245 residential power grid customers with the backend systems of various actors: e.g., energy service providers (ESPs), flexibility aggregators, distribution system operators (DSOs), balancing responsible parties (BRPs). The use cases rolled out in Linear, built on top of our proposed ICT architecture, involve sharing both metering data and flexibility information (esp. for time shifting) of the households, and demand response (DR) algorithms for the balancing of renewable energy and the mitigation of voltage and power issues in distribution grids.
Flemish项目Linear是正在进行的大规模住宅需求响应试点项目的一个例子,该项目旨在验证创新的智能电网应用,利用信息和通信技术(ICT)在电网中的推广。在本文中,我们讨论了这样一个可扩展,可靠和可互操作的ICT基础设施的设计,该基础设施将245个住宅电网客户与各种参与者的后端系统互连:例如,能源服务提供商(esp),灵活性聚合器,配电系统运营商(dso),平衡责任方(brp)。在Linear中推出的用例建立在我们提议的ICT架构之上,涉及共享家庭的计量数据和灵活性信息(特别是时移),以及用于平衡可再生能源和缓解配电网电压和电力问题的需求响应(DR)算法。
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引用次数: 9
Local control of fully inverter based micro grids in islanding operation mode considering generation disturbances in RES 考虑发电扰动的孤岛运行模式下全逆变微电网局部控制
Pub Date : 2014-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2014.7028839
H. Maleki, M. Khederzadeh, V. Asgharian
The importance of renewable energy resources (RES) due to low emission level of greenhouse gases besides the increasing rate of fossil fuels costs on the one hand is growing every day. On the other hand, the application extension of these resources in costumer side introduces a new concept called Micro Grid having the capability of grid connected as well as islanded operations. In this paper, the local control of micro grid with renewable resources as well as controllable resources and storage is developed in islanding operation mode using control scheme of inverter mediation of storage which effectively controls the micro grid locally by contribution of controllable resources. Then, the behavior of storage and controllable resources are investigated considering the generation disturbances of renewable resources. The micro grid parts are simulated in MATLAB/ Simulink environment.
由于温室气体排放水平低,加之化石燃料成本的上升,可再生能源(RES)的重要性与日俱增。另一方面,这些资源在客户端的应用扩展引入了一个新的概念,即微电网,它具有并网和孤岛运行的能力。本文在孤岛运行模式下,采用逆变器调节存储的控制方案,通过可控资源的贡献对微网进行有效的局部控制,开发了具有可再生资源和可控资源、存储的微网局部控制。然后,在考虑可再生资源发电扰动的情况下,研究了存储资源和可控资源的行为。在MATLAB/ Simulink环境下对微电网部分进行了仿真。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies, Europe
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