Pub Date : 2011-04-01DOI: 10.1179/JRL.2011.7.1-2.162
Vincent O'Connell
{"title":"Dictating Democracy: the Impact of Governor Baltia's Transitory Regime on Local Government In Eupen-malmedy, 1919-1922.","authors":"Vincent O'Connell","doi":"10.1179/JRL.2011.7.1-2.162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/JRL.2011.7.1-2.162","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":299529,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Regional and Local Studies","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124353948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-04-01DOI: 10.1179/jrl.2011.7.1-2.9
B. Doyle, A. McElligott
The papers in this special issue are largely derived from a major panel session held at the 2010 European Association of Urban Historians' Conference in Ghent, Belgium, itself the culmination of a collaborative transnational project on 'Municipal Politics and Civic Cultures' inaugurated in 2006.1 The aim of the panel was to draw together scholars working on European cities in the high period (or 'golden age') of municipal power (and beyond) to explore how, why and where municipal powers were exercised and to examine the political, cultural and historical constraints on the development and delivery of services. The papers ranged across seven countries from the British Isles, western and southern Europe and a comparative piece which drew on urban planning in contemporary China and the plans of Albert Speer for mid twentieth-century Berlin. The papers included here touch on both broad themes of long term change and close studies of individual power and single city governance which demonstrate the many influences shaping the rise and fall of the power of municipalities and their leaders since the first era of local government reform in the early nineteenth century. This introduction will provide some thoughts on the broad trajectory of power and authority at the local level over the past two centuries focusing on how central government has sought to encourage, define and limit local autonomy and the tensions experienced by municipal governors as they sought to
{"title":"The Rise and Fall of European Municipal Power Since 1800","authors":"B. Doyle, A. McElligott","doi":"10.1179/jrl.2011.7.1-2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/jrl.2011.7.1-2.9","url":null,"abstract":"The papers in this special issue are largely derived from a major panel session held at the 2010 European Association of Urban Historians' Conference in Ghent, Belgium, itself the culmination of a collaborative transnational project on 'Municipal Politics and Civic Cultures' inaugurated in 2006.1 The aim of the panel was to draw together scholars working on European cities in the high period (or 'golden age') of municipal power (and beyond) to explore how, why and where municipal powers were exercised and to examine the political, cultural and historical constraints on the development and delivery of services. The papers ranged across seven countries from the British Isles, western and southern Europe and a comparative piece which drew on urban planning in contemporary China and the plans of Albert Speer for mid twentieth-century Berlin. The papers included here touch on both broad themes of long term change and close studies of individual power and single city governance which demonstrate the many influences shaping the rise and fall of the power of municipalities and their leaders since the first era of local government reform in the early nineteenth century. This introduction will provide some thoughts on the broad trajectory of power and authority at the local level over the past two centuries focusing on how central government has sought to encourage, define and limit local autonomy and the tensions experienced by municipal governors as they sought to","PeriodicalId":299529,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Regional and Local Studies","volume":"303 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131426442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-04-01DOI: 10.1179/jrl.2011.7.1-2.6
{"title":"Contributors","authors":"","doi":"10.1179/jrl.2011.7.1-2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/jrl.2011.7.1-2.6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":299529,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Regional and Local Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121843017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-04-01DOI: 10.1179/jrl.2011.7.1-2.188
{"title":"Appendix 1: Election Results- Eupen-Malmedy Communal Elections 1922","authors":"","doi":"10.1179/jrl.2011.7.1-2.188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/jrl.2011.7.1-2.188","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":299529,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Regional and Local Studies","volume":"16 9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122470602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-04-01DOI: 10.1179/jrl.2011.7.1-2.140
Hsiu-Ling Kuo
On the first of October 1949, the city of Beijing celebrated the birth of a new political era led by the Chinese Communist Party. Except for the totalitarian-style Tiananmen Square complex constructed between in the 1960s and 1970s, the city would not see major constructions until the next millennium. With the opportunity of hosting the 2008 Olympic Games, the municipal government of Beijing, determined to transform Beijing into a world city, invited international architects from Europe, Australia and the USA to submit projects for architectural competition. In February 2003, half way through the planning stage of the Olympic Beijing projects, the international media was shocked to be informed that Beijing municipal government has invited Albert Speer Junior, the son of Hitler's architect, Albert Speer, to undertake the urban planning project. His design for Beijing presents a north-south axis bearing a similar outline as that of the Berlin Reconstruction Plan under the Third Reich. Which elements of
{"title":"Urban Development and Municipal Power: Beijing in the Wave of Globalization","authors":"Hsiu-Ling Kuo","doi":"10.1179/jrl.2011.7.1-2.140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/jrl.2011.7.1-2.140","url":null,"abstract":"On the first of October 1949, the city of Beijing celebrated the birth of a new political era led by the Chinese Communist Party. Except for the totalitarian-style Tiananmen Square complex constructed between in the 1960s and 1970s, the city would not see major constructions until the next millennium. With the opportunity of hosting the 2008 Olympic Games, the municipal government of Beijing, determined to transform Beijing into a world city, invited international architects from Europe, Australia and the USA to submit projects for architectural competition. In February 2003, half way through the planning stage of the Olympic Beijing projects, the international media was shocked to be informed that Beijing municipal government has invited Albert Speer Junior, the son of Hitler's architect, Albert Speer, to undertake the urban planning project. His design for Beijing presents a north-south axis bearing a similar outline as that of the Berlin Reconstruction Plan under the Third Reich. Which elements of","PeriodicalId":299529,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Regional and Local Studies","volume":"451 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124295765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-04-01DOI: 10.1179/jrl.2011.7.1-2.65
S. Couperus
In contemporary urban studies much attention is devoted to the emergence of new governance collusions. Various 'partnerships', 'clusters of organised interests' and 'interagency networks' have been identified as part of a transition from local government to urban governance since the 1980s. On a generic level this transition involves various processes grouped under headings such as local corporatism (in the 1980s), the displacement of politics (more recently), the delegation or transfer of politico-administrative tasks from codified (democratic) institutions, such as elected authorities or executive agencies, to new governance clusters transcending the jurisdiction of public and territorial confinements.1 What is generally lacking in these contemporary analyses is reference to recurrent patterns of these processes of displacement and delegation of administrative tasks in the modern history of urban governance. Corporatism or functional representation at the local level, for instance, have been studied mainly by political scientists in the slipstream of the neo-corporatist paradigm which emerged in the late 1970s and 1980s.2 However, as recent historical studies have pointed out, similar arrangements were present during the interwar period which had an impact at the local level as wel1.3
{"title":"Parcelling Out Municipal Administration And Power in Amsterdam 1880-1940","authors":"S. Couperus","doi":"10.1179/jrl.2011.7.1-2.65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/jrl.2011.7.1-2.65","url":null,"abstract":"In contemporary urban studies much attention is devoted to the emergence of new governance collusions. Various 'partnerships', 'clusters of organised interests' and 'interagency networks' have been identified as part of a transition from local government to urban governance since the 1980s. On a generic level this transition involves various processes grouped under headings such as local corporatism (in the 1980s), the displacement of politics (more recently), the delegation or transfer of politico-administrative tasks from codified (democratic) institutions, such as elected authorities or executive agencies, to new governance clusters transcending the jurisdiction of public and territorial confinements.1 What is generally lacking in these contemporary analyses is reference to recurrent patterns of these processes of displacement and delegation of administrative tasks in the modern history of urban governance. Corporatism or functional representation at the local level, for instance, have been studied mainly by political scientists in the slipstream of the neo-corporatist paradigm which emerged in the late 1970s and 1980s.2 However, as recent historical studies have pointed out, similar arrangements were present during the interwar period which had an impact at the local level as wel1.3","PeriodicalId":299529,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Regional and Local Studies","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133657761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-04-01DOI: 10.1179/JRL.2011.7.1-2.90
M. Potter
{"title":"The First Decade of an Irish Local Government Association: the Association Of Municipal Authorities of Ireland, 1912-1922.","authors":"M. Potter","doi":"10.1179/JRL.2011.7.1-2.90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/JRL.2011.7.1-2.90","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":299529,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Regional and Local Studies","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131224443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-04-01DOI: 10.1179/jrl.2011.7.1-2.115
Paulo Fernandes
Introduction At the turn of the nineteenth/twentieth century, the municipality of Setubal, located around forty kilometres south of Lisbon, was experiencing one of the highest demographic growth rates in Portugal. 1 Between 1890 and 1911, the number of inhabitants in its main urban nucleus the town of Setlibal grew from 17,581 to 30,346, representing an increase of 700/0. No other area in the country, not even Lisbon or Oporto, the cities with the highest numerical increase, had such a rate of population growth. This development was linked to the rapid integration of the fishing activity with the factories that were beginning to set up in the region. This was due to the fact that Setlibal possessed the most important fishing port in the country, which acted as a basis for a flourishing fish canning industry. This type of economic activity showed a remarkable capacity for attracting migrant workers especially from the South of Portugal. For this reason, at the beginning of the twentieth century, about 220/0 of Setubal's population was originally from outside the municipality.2 In 1900, the same municipality stood out even more from all others in the kingdom when it started to be governed by Mariano de Carvalho, a well-known national figure, albeit with a declining political career. At the time, local power was
19 / 20世纪之交，塞图巴尔市位于里斯本以南约40公里处，是葡萄牙人口增长率最高的城市之一。1890年至1911年间，其主要城市核心塞图巴尔镇的居民人数从17,581人增加到30,346人，增长了700/0。在这个国家的其他地区，即使是里斯本和波尔图这两个人口增长率最高的城市，也没有这样的人口增长率。这一发展与渔业活动与该区域开始建立的工厂迅速结合在一起有关。这是因为塞特利巴尔拥有该国最重要的渔港，这是蓬勃发展的鱼罐头工业的基础。这种类型的经济活动显示出吸引移徙工人的非凡能力，特别是来自葡萄牙南部的移徙工人。因此，在二十世纪初，塞图巴尔的人口中约有220/0最初来自该市以外1900年，当马里亚诺·德·卡瓦略(Mariano de Carvalho)开始执政时，这个自治市在王国的所有其他自治市中更加突出，他是一位著名的全国人物，尽管政治生涯正在走下坡路。当时，地方权力是
{"title":"How to Rule a Small Town in Early Twentieth Century Portugal","authors":"Paulo Fernandes","doi":"10.1179/jrl.2011.7.1-2.115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/jrl.2011.7.1-2.115","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction At the turn of the nineteenth/twentieth century, the municipality of Setubal, located around forty kilometres south of Lisbon, was experiencing one of the highest demographic growth rates in Portugal. 1 Between 1890 and 1911, the number of inhabitants in its main urban nucleus the town of Setlibal grew from 17,581 to 30,346, representing an increase of 700/0. No other area in the country, not even Lisbon or Oporto, the cities with the highest numerical increase, had such a rate of population growth. This development was linked to the rapid integration of the fishing activity with the factories that were beginning to set up in the region. This was due to the fact that Setlibal possessed the most important fishing port in the country, which acted as a basis for a flourishing fish canning industry. This type of economic activity showed a remarkable capacity for attracting migrant workers especially from the South of Portugal. For this reason, at the beginning of the twentieth century, about 220/0 of Setubal's population was originally from outside the municipality.2 In 1900, the same municipality stood out even more from all others in the kingdom when it started to be governed by Mariano de Carvalho, a well-known national figure, albeit with a declining political career. At the time, local power was","PeriodicalId":299529,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Regional and Local Studies","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126876495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-04-01DOI: 10.1179/jrl.2011.7.1-2.38
John A. Garrard, M. Goldsmith
The rise and fall of urban local authorities in Britain has received considerable attention from historians and political scientists, only some specifically focused on this issue. Most consciously, Harold Laski, Ivor Jennings and William Robson celebrated the 1835 Municipal Corporations Act centenary via an essay collection from academics and the great and good amongst local government practitioners, entitled A Century of Municipal Progress. This explored how local authorities operated and ensured effectiveness, and celebrated the multiple services they offered 'the difference between savagery and civilisation') Local government was seen as a key defender of freedom and natural safeguard against dictatorship. Robson concluded comfortingly that, present and future problems notwithstanding, local government would:
英国城市地方政府的兴衰受到了历史学家和政治学家的广泛关注，但只有一些人专门关注这个问题。哈罗德·拉斯基、伊沃·詹宁斯和威廉·罗布森最有意识地通过一本名为《市政进步的一个世纪》(A Century of Municipal Corporations Act)的文集来庆祝1835年《市政公司法》(Municipal Corporations Act)颁布一百周年，这些文集来自学者和地方政府从业人员中的杰出人物。这篇文章探讨了地方当局如何运作和确保效率，并赞扬了他们提供的多种服务(“野蛮与文明的区别”)地方政府被视为自由的关键捍卫者和反对独裁的天然保障。罗布森宽慰地总结说，尽管存在当前和未来的问题，地方政府将:
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With the tenth anniversary of the end of the Cold War drawing near, museums around the world mounted exhibitions that focused on the cultural aspect of the conflict. From the Victoria and Albert Museum in London to the Los Angeles Museum of Contemporary Art , almost all considerations of culture in the Cold War focus on the first two decades. The periodisation of these exhibitions reflects the dominant trend in scholarship, which centres on the years in which the slow simmer conflict experienced frequent flare ups. Studies of Cold War culture take one of two tacks, exploring the impact of the bomb on manifestations of culture, such as art, literature and film, as well as fashion, design, and everyday aesthetics. Another school concentrates on the ways that high art was pressed into diplomatic service during the Cold War. This narrative strand ties the formalist concerns that dominated aesthetics to the zeitgeist of the Cold War. Since very little political content could be imputed to non-figurative or non-realist art, the story goes, this art made the perfect expression of American culture for use by cold warrior administrations. In recent years, both accounts of culture in the Cold War have received considerable elaboration in some finely wrought studies. However, the focus still remains on the 1950s and early 1960s, with the rare work moving past the Cuban Missile Crisis. The influential historian of the Cold War, Charles S Meier, divides the long conflict into eight epochs. The lengthy period of dormancy in the 1970s, which Meier characterizes as 'domestic reform and detente' resulted in a decline in the Cold War cultural battles. It also coincided with the fading of the first wave of anti-nuclear activism, as Paul Boyer has persuasively demonstrated in his analysis of the trajectory of anti-nuclear protests. By the 1960s, the American public had lost interest in the issue.
随着冷战结束十周年的临近，世界各地的博物馆都举办了以这场冲突的文化方面为重点的展览。从伦敦的维多利亚和阿尔伯特博物馆(Victoria and Albert Museum)到洛杉矶当代艺术博物馆(Los Angeles Museum of Contemporary Art)，几乎所有关于冷战时期文化的思考都集中在前二十年。这些展览的阶段性反映了学术研究的主流趋势，主要集中在缓慢酝酿的冲突经历频繁爆发的年份。对冷战文化的研究采取两种方式之一，探索原子弹对文化表现形式的影响，如艺术、文学和电影，以及时尚、设计和日常美学。另一个学派关注的是高雅艺术在冷战期间被施加到外交服务中的方式。这种叙事链将主导美学的形式主义关注与冷战的时代精神联系在一起。由于很少有政治内容可以归因于非具象或非现实主义艺术，故事是这样的，这种艺术完美地表达了美国文化，供冷战时期的政府使用。近年来，这两种关于冷战时期文化的说法在一些精心制作的研究中得到了相当多的阐述。然而，重点仍然集中在20世纪50年代和60年代初，这些罕见的作品超越了古巴导弹危机。颇具影响力的冷战历史学家查尔斯·S·迈耶(Charles S Meier)将这场漫长的冲突分为八个时期。Meier将20世纪70年代的漫长休眠期描述为“国内改革和缓和”，这导致了冷战文化斗争的减少。正如保罗·博耶(Paul Boyer)在他对反核抗议运动轨迹的分析中令人信服地证明的那样，这也与第一波反核行动主义的消退相吻合。到了20世纪60年代，美国公众对这个问题失去了兴趣。
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