European Journal of Pharmaceutical Research最新文献

{"title":"The Relationship between Atopic Dermatitis and Food Allergy","authors":"Noura Elgharably, M. Al Abadie","doi":"10.24018/ejpharma.2024.4.1.75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejpharma.2024.4.1.75","url":null,"abstract":"Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterised by an inadequate skin barrier. This can be caused by a variety of reasons such as hereditary predisposition and immunological dysregulation. AD affects 20% of infants, it is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease in this group, and 3% of adults. It typically manifests as moderate disease, with two-thirds of people with AD unlikely to develop sensitivity to environmental allergens; nonetheless, there have frequently been connections with atopic diseases, particularly IgE-mediated food allergy (FA). Allergy is confirmed with a food challenge test before restricting this in the diet. Up to one-third of children with early-onset AD experience an atopic march, which is characterised by the later development of atopic disorders including asthma, allergic rhinitis and/or rhinoconjunctivitis, food allergies, and hay fever. As a result, AD and food allergy are linked, and recent research shows that AD develops before food sensitisation, and food allergy relates to atopic dermatitis of varied severity.","PeriodicalId":299907,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":" 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141826563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antihyperglycemic, Neuropharmacological, Cytotoxic, Anticoagulant, and Anti-inflammatory Pharmacological Evaluations of Vernonia elaeagnifolia DC Leaves Secondary Bioactive Metabolites","authors":"Amit Kumar Acharzo, S. Rahman, Md Anisuzzman, M. Islam, Pritam Kundu, B. Bokshi, Abu Talha Siddique, Rashel Ahamed, M. Billah","doi":"10.24018/ejpharma.2023.3.4.70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejpharma.2023.3.4.70","url":null,"abstract":"The current investigation was carried out to confirm the antihyperglycemic, cytotoxic, neuropharmacological, anticoagulant, and anti-inflammatory effects of the ethanolic extract of Vernonia elaeagnifolia leaves in different experimental models. In the oral glucose tolerance test, the plant extract demonstrated significant (p < 0.05) antihyperglycemic activity by reducing the elevated blood glucose level in mice at both doses (250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg) when compared to the control groups. The crude ethanolic leaf extract, however, didn’t afford to block the α-glucosidase enzyme up to 0.5 mg/mL. The experimental mice showed a noticeable (p <0.001) decrease in locomotor and exploratory activities in the hole cross and open field tests, as well as head dipping in the hole-board test model in the neuropharmacological activity assay at both doses (250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg). The extracts also showed cytotoxic activity in a brine shrimp lethality bioassay with an LC50 of 91.929 μg/mL and showed significant concentration-dependent anticoagulant activity (p<0.001). Moreover, the extract (10–500 mg/kg) caused a significant (P<0.01 – 0.001) dose-dependent reduction of inflammation induced in rats by using two different models: formalin-induced paw edema and egg-albumin-induced paw edema. From the above results, the crude extract of V. elaeagnifolia DC leaves have significant pharmacological potential in different in vitro and in vivo study model. So, it could be a source of a substance for isolating lead that could be used to treat several diseases.","PeriodicalId":299907,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121857652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microemulsion Systems: Generalities and Fields of Application","authors":"Fernández R. Nathalie, M. German, C. Marianela, Matarrita B. Daniela, Baltodano V. Eleaneth, C. B. Gustavo, Pacheco M. Jorge","doi":"10.24018/ejpharma.2023.3.4.65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejpharma.2023.3.4.65","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Microemulsions are two-phase oil-aqueous systems stabilized by a surfactant/cosurfactant system, formed from the spontaneous self-assembly of hydrophobic or hydrophilic parts of surfactant molecules, essential at the industrial level for their unique properties, improving processes and reducing costs. Their main uses in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries are to improve the biopharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic properties of drugs, the skin penetration properties, and the stability and solubility of different ingredients. They are obtained by techniques such as phase inversion and phase titration. They are characterized by different techniques that allow obtaining information on the dynamic properties, droplet size, structural arrangement and orientation, molecular aggregation, and system interactions, which allow improving the formulations continuously. Due to their proven advantages and utilities, as well as their potential applications, it is essential to study these systems. \u0000","PeriodicalId":299907,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128319203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparative Study on Different Approaches of COVID-19 Vaccines","authors":"Md. Ashikur Rahman, Riaz Mahamud Chayon, A. Aziz, Fatema Tuj, Md. Aminul Johora Faria, Islam Md Rashedur, Rahman, M. Rahman, F. T. J. Faria, M. A. Islam, M. Rahman","doi":"10.24018/ejpharma.2023.3.4.58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejpharma.2023.3.4.58","url":null,"abstract":"Worldwide recorded 324 million human infected coronavirus patients and a mortality rate of over 5.53 million till now. In this situation coronavirus type-2 has suddenly arisen as a global problem. It impacts all humans directly via disease and death and indirectly by isolation creates a tremendous financial and psychological barrier. It remains the most feasible method so far but is untenable beyond a lengthy period. At this time vaccine development is the most helpful strategy for controlling emerging virus strains. Pfizer/BioNTech (Ribonucleic acid vaccine), Johnson and Johnson, Novavax (UK), AstraZeneca, Sinovac (China), Moderna (Ribonucleic acid), CanSinoBio, and Covishield (India) etc. are among the firms involved in the continuing vaccination program, which is taking place all over the world. This assessment covers all aspects of COVID-19 and concentrates on the following approaches. Besides AI systems, advanced drug delivery systems (nanotechnology) and a trained immunity vaccination method are being used to advance the COVID-19 vaccine development cycle. We give a glimpse of a comparative evaluation of global vaccination approaches, efficacy, adverse effects, worldwide reached vaccination, a general review of clinical trials coronavirus disease-2019 vaccines also vaccine effectiveness against novel coronavirus variants based on real-world data. Also, variants considered is the influence of disquieting variants and under of interest.","PeriodicalId":299907,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"343 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122546003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of Phytochemicals and Anti-Bacterial Properties Evaluation of the Leaves Extracts of Psidium guajava (L) Myrtaceae","authors":"Samuel J. Bunu, D. Alfred-Ugbenbo, A. Owaba, Benita Okelekele","doi":"10.24018/ejpharma.2023.3.3.67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejpharma.2023.3.3.67","url":null,"abstract":"The current study sought to assess the phytochemicals and antimicrobial activities of Psidium guajava Linnaeus leaves extracts. The contents of healthy free fresh leaves of Psidium guajava Linnaeus were analyzed for antibacterial efficacy using dichloromethane (DCM), palm wine, and n-hexane solvents. The presence of several chemical components was revealed by phytochemical analysis of the extracts. The Agar disc diffusion method was used to assess antibacterial activity against five clinically significant organisms. The extract's zone of inhibition against each organism was measured. The presence of phytochemicals such as tannins, terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, and phenol were discovered. Saponin was not found in all of the solvents tested. The antibacterial results showed that the n-hexane fraction had 44mm as zone inhibition against Bacillus subtilis at 25 mg/ml, followed by 42 mm in Escherichia coli at the same concentration, which was significantly higher than the standard amoxicillin at 25 ug. The highest zone of inhibition for DCM fraction was at 25 mg/ml (35 mm) and 10 mg/ml (25 mm) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and E. coli, respectively, with similar zones of inhibition to the standard. Finally, resistance was observed in P. aeruginosa, but significant inhibition was observed against B. subtilis (30mm), E. coli (15 mm), and S. aureus (15 mm) at 15%. As a result, Psidium guajava leaf extracts contain phytochemicals as well as significant antibacterial properties, particularly against B. subtilis and E. coli, and can be used to obtain useful lead compounds for the eventual synthesis of medicinally significant antioxidant and antibacterial agents.","PeriodicalId":299907,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"70 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130655049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study to Evaluate the Pharmacoeconomics in Diabetic Foot Ulcer Management","authors":"R. George, E. Niranjani, M. Rekha, Golla Sai Teja, Sarangan Nithya Lakshmi, E. S. Kumar","doi":"10.24018/ejpharma.2023.3.3.62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejpharma.2023.3.3.62","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Background: Diabetic foot ulceration (DFU) is one of the macrovascular complications of diabetes, its prevalence was estimated to be about 8-11% of individuals with uncontrolled diabetes experience for long time. The pathogenic cascade of DFU is a combination of vascular complications of peripheral arteries, Peripheral neuropathy and the raised blood glucose makes it as a non-healing ulcer followed by secondary infection which will progress to end with leg Amputation. The recurrent nature of Diabetic foot ulcer can impact on the health status as well as the economical stability of the affected patients and are associated with the major health care consumption with high cost.\u0000\u0000\u0000Methodology: It was a Mono centered prospective observational comparative study conducted in the department of general surgery for 6 months duration.\u0000\u0000\u0000Results: Total samples of 100 diabetic foot ulcer patients were enrolled into the study, 74 (74%) were males and 26 (26%) were females. The age group between51-60 and 61-70 years was observed as the highest percentage 27% (27). Highest percentage 42% (42) of patients were none (without any comorbidities) followed by 32(32%) patients are with combined (more than one comorbidity like HTN, CKD, CAD…etc.) with utmost percentage of 43% was peripheral neuropathy. 23 patients were diagnosed with gangrene and23 patients underwent major amputation, The economic burden of diabetic foot ulcer for conservative treatment was slightly more when compared to amputated patients.\u0000\u0000\u0000Conclusion: Study concludes that, economic burden on diabetic foot ulcer in conservative patients was slightly more while compared to amputated patients by descriptive statistics even the statistical analysis shown less significant difference. Because the necessity rate for extra hospitalization and medical services was more for conservative treatment (Debridement, Fasciotomy, Incision and Drainage) when compared to amputation patients with diabetic foot ulcer. whereas in the pharmaco-economics there was not much significant difference among both amputated and conservative patients.\u0000","PeriodicalId":299907,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130400849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro Antimicrobial Activities, Qualitative Phytochemical Screening, and Free Radical Scavenging Capacities of Gymnanthemum myrianthum","authors":"Rotich K. Zacchaeus, Kagia Richard","doi":"10.24018/ejpharma.2023.3.3.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejpharma.2023.3.3.22","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Various members of the genus Vernonia are commonly used in traditional medicine to treat fever, malaria, diarrhoea, dysentery, hepatitis, cough, fertility inducer and as a laxative. Vernonia myrianthum (Gymnanthemum myrianthum) is one of the medicinal plants used by traditional healers in Uasin-Gishu and Elgeiyo Marakwet counties to treat communicable and non-communicable diseases such as diabetes mellitus. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the phytochemicals, free radical scavenging capacity and antimicrobial activities of the methanolic root extract of Vernonia myrianthum. Standard phytochemical screening methods were employed to qualitatively evaluate the classes of phytochemicals present in the plant. The anti-oxidant capacity was evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The disc diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were used to screen for antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Vernonia myrianthum was found to contain secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, carotenoids, and coumarin. The antioxidant activity on the extract as based on its IC50 values indicated good antioxidant activity. There was no significant difference (p≥0.01) between the zones of inhibition of Vernonia myrianthum and those of those of the positive control gentamycin (GEN, at 10 mcg) and amoxicillin (AMC, 30 mcg) at various test concentrations demonstrating that V. myrianthum could inhibit the growth of E. coli and S. aureus. The   findings of this study are critical in understanding and documenting the phytochemistry, the antimicrobial properties and the antioxidant capabilities of V. myrianthum thus, laying the groundwork for future research on isolating bioactive compounds from these plants, as well as building the body of evidence needed to justify the ethnomedicinal usage of this plant in the treatment of numerous diseases by different communities.\u0000","PeriodicalId":299907,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126070656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Histological Study on the Effect of Aqueous Extract of Cactus on Frontal Cortex of Diabetes Mellitus Wistar Rat","authors":"Uthman Yusuf, Wana Iputu, Musonda Kambele, Mpeza Kalowa, M. Miyoba, Isabel Namfukwe Luambia, Precious Simushi, A. Yusuf, Memory Ngosa","doi":"10.24018/ejpharma.2023.3.2.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejpharma.2023.3.2.61","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The cactus plant is one of the most common plants used in treatment all kinds of ailment. Studies have shown that the cactus extract has both antihyperglycemic and neuroprotective effects. This research will focus on some of the effect of an aqueous extract of cactus on the cytoarchitecture of the frontal cortex of the diabetic Wistar rats. Thirty (30) male Wistar rats were randomly selected and placed into five (5) groups of 6 Wistar rats each. These include the control group A, diabetic only group B, diabetic+cactus group C, diabetic+metformin group D, and cactus only group E. The animals were acclimatized for one week. The Rats were weighed, and a baseline glucose level established after the overnight fasting period. The animals were injected with streptozotocin calculated at a dose of 70 mg/kg body weight and reintroduced to the normal feeding cycle. After about 72 hours, diabetes was established (blood glucose≥ 7 mmol). The administration of Cactus extract of 100 mg/kg BW and Metformin of 100 mg/kg BW commenced for four weeks. After fourth week the animals were sacrificed by euthanasia and the brain was harvested and fixed in 10 % formal saline for H and E and PTAH staining. At the end of the four weeks experiments the results shows, the average body weight of the rats in the diabetic+cactus group showed an increase by the end of the four-week experiment which was not significantly different to the normal control group, while the diabetic+metformin group was significantly different to the control group and also diabetic control group was significant to normal control group. The relative brain weight of the diabetic+cactus and diabetic+metformin group were not significantly different to the normal control (p>0.05). The blood glucose levels of the diabetic+cactus and diabetic+metformin group at the end of the fourth week were not significant different from Group A (p>0.05).\u0000\u0000\u0000The H and E photomicrographs of diabetic group show that most cells were necrotic, and the normal pyramidal cells present were scanty. The diabetic+cactus group showed presence of more normal pyramidal cells than necrotic cells. The diabetic+metformin group showed presence of both normal and necrotic pyramidal cells. The PTAH staining in the diabetic group, there were astrocytes present with degenerated neuron. Diabetic+cactus and diabetic+metformin groups showed some neurons were degenerated while some appeared normal with astrocytes while the cytoarchitecture of cactus only group are similar to that of normal control group. Aqueous extract of cactus possesses anti hyperglycemic effects and can be a potential and effective therapy for the management of diabetes due to its ameliorative properties as shown in the findings of this research.\u0000","PeriodicalId":299907,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126754009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Anti-seizure Property of Plumbago indica L. on Zebrafish Model","authors":"Rupsa Saha, Amrita Chakravorty, Amrita Kumari, Kunal Gupta, N. Sarkar, M. Chakraborty","doi":"10.24018/ejpharma.2023.3.2.56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejpharma.2023.3.2.56","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The purpose of the current experiment was to determine the anti-convulsant activity of methanolic extract of Plumbago indica L.  In a 50 ml beaker 200 mg of the methanolic extract of Plumbago indica L. was dissolved in water containing the experimental zebrafish. After about 20 minutes the fish was administered with pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) (30 mg in 0.5 ml water) intraperitoneally (i.p) to induce seizure in it. The experimental zebrafish immersed in methanolic extract of Plumbago indica L. and administered with PTZ i.p showed clonic seizure-like activity within a few seconds of administering the PTZ. After about 15 minutes, the experimental zebrafish was found to swim normally i.e., short swim at the top of the tank with no seizure activity. The behavioral profile during 15 minutes of immersion into methanolic extract of Plumbago indica L. and then intraperitoneum (i.p) administration of PTZ was characterized by stages defined as scores: (0) short swim (top of the tank), (1) increased swimming activity, (2) burst swimming (left and right movements), (3) circular movements, (4) clonic seizure-like behavior, (5) fall to the bottom of the tank and tonic seizure-like behavior, (6) death. To attain all scores, zebrafish was exposed to anti-convulsants and administered with PTZ showed varying seizure profiles, severity, and latencies. The study's findings revealed that Plumbago indica L. has significant pharmacological properties. Methanolic extract of Plumbago indica L. has a notable CNS depressive and anti-convulsant effect.\u0000","PeriodicalId":299907,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129406941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanotechnological Applications in Dermocosmetics","authors":"M. F. Rojas Salas, Pamela Ceciliano Porras, M. J. Cerdas Vargas, Jorge A. Pacheco Molina, Marianela Chavarría Rojas, German Madrigal Redondo","doi":"10.24018/ejpharma.2023.3.1.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejpharma.2023.3.1.38","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Objective: Identify the types of nanoparticles used in dermocosmetics and their main applications.\u0000\u0000\u0000Methods: A bibliographic review was carried out in the databases Google Scholar, and PubMed, as well as databases subscribed to the system of libraries, documents, and information of the Universidad de Costa Rica such as ScienceDirect, Elsevier, EBSCO, MEDLINE, Clinical-Key, among others. The search was conducted in both English and Spanish.\u0000\u0000\u0000Conclusion: Nanotechnology in the cosmetic industry has been an area that has grown exponentially in recent years. Various types of nanoparticles are used in different skincare applications in the cosmetics industry; however, much research remains to be done on the safety and toxicity of their use for humans and the environment.\u0000","PeriodicalId":299907,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123819810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}